Cultivation technology of ginkgo biloba tree and key points of pest control

Cultivation technology of ginkgo biloba tree and key points of pest control

_ Yan Peixue

Ginkgo biloba trees are widely planted in many parts of China, because ginkgo biloba has certain economic value and medicinal value, has a special landscape greening effect, and the market development prospects are good. In order to improve the survival rate of ginkgo biloba trees, it is necessary to analyze the key points of cultivation technology of ginkgo biloba trees, and study the control measures of common diseases and insect pests of ginkgo trees, so as to promote the better growth of ginkgo trees and create higher ecological and economic benefits.

1 Ginkgo biloba cultivation technology points

1.1 Seedling cultivation technology

There are many breeding methods of ginkgo biloba trees, including sowing, tillering, cuttings, grafting and so on. At present, grafting is a more commonly used way, specifically in March and April of each year to select the mother plant for grafting, and to ensure that the selected mother plant vitality, generally can choose 3 to 4 years, healthy branches as scion, and then choose peeling or subcutaneous twiging, the branches grafted on the solid seedlings, scientific cultivation management, that is, can be normal growth and reproduction.

Seed sowing can be selected from a mother tree of about 80 years old, and its large and full seeds are collected, peeled and dried in the shade. In the northern region, spring sowing can be selected, and the seedbed can choose sandy loam soil with good water permeability and air permeability. Seed treatment before sowing, in advance the seeds are placed in warm water about 30 ° C for soaking for 2 to 3 d, change the water once a day to promote the seed to absorb water, when the seeds will appear cracks, they can be sown, in order to promote their better emergence, they can be covered with mulch film in time, generally after 20 d.

1.2 Scientific land selection and preparation

Whether transplanting ginkgo trees or sowing ginkgo seeds, it is necessary to choose the right plot for planting. Scientific site selection can lay a good foundation for the growth of ginkgo biloba trees in the later stages. The planting land requires convenient transportation, flat terrain, fertile and deep soil layer, convenient drainage and irrigation without water accumulation, and soil pH of 4.5 to 8.0. The surrounding ecological environment should meet the growth needs of ginkgo biloba trees, and there is no history of serious pests and diseases. Before planting, it is necessary to do a good job of soil deep turning, combined with soil moisture for irrigation and fertilization.

1.3 Scientific selection of sowing period and transplanting

General sowing work can be carried out in March and April of each year, sowing trenches to place seeds, plant spacing of 10 cm, row spacing of 20 ~ 30 cm, covering soil about 3 cm, and compaction to cover the mulch film. Seedlings with a diameter of about 5 cm can be selected for transplanting, generally below 5 cm can be planted bare roots, and more than 5 cm can be planted with soil balls to improve the survival rate. For seedlings planted with bare roots, the seedlings cultivated with soil balls can grow better in that year, and water after planting. For transplanting larger seedlings, the pit can be filled with water before transplanting, and then the seedlings can be transplanted, and large water flood irrigation should not be avoided, so as not to cause poor root permeability and affect its growth.

1.4 Bracket support technology

Newly planted ginkgo tree seedlings need to be supported as a scaffold to prevent the ginkgo tree from tipping and skewing in windy weather. Generally, ginkgo trees with a chest diameter of less than 15 cm can be supported by a wooden scaffold with a thickness of about 5 cm, and each ginkgo tree needs 3 stents; 15-20 cm ginkgo biloba tree can be used with a 6-7 cm wooden bracket, 20-30 cm ginkgo tree is best used for about 10 cm wooden bracket; Ginkgo trees above 30 cm should be made of steel brackets, and then the ginkgo trees should be fixed, and then checked once a month, and if there is a skew, it needs to be corrected in time.

1.5 Water and fertilizer management techniques

Ginkgo biloba trees like light and moisture, afraid of standing water, and should do a good job of watering and drainage. Generally, according to the climatic conditions, ginkgo biloba can be properly watered when the growth is strong in summer, while paying attention to avoiding the choice of poorly drained places for planting. Before transplanting, it is necessary to apply sufficient base fertilizer, and at the same time, after the ginkgo biloba tree bears fruit, do a good job of topdressing. Before the germination of the ginkgo tree every year, an appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be applied; In the critical period of new shoot growth, in addition to applying nitrogen fertilizer, it is also necessary to apply an appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in time to better meet the needs of various nutrients for the growth of ginkgo biloba trees; After the fruit of the ginkgo tree, it is necessary to supplement various nutrients in time, and an appropriate amount of organic fertilizer can be applied. Ginkgo biloba trees before and after germination and just transplanted seedlings have a large demand for water, and should be watered in time to avoid drought. When watering, pay attention to the slow flow rate of water flow, and each watering needs to be watered thoroughly. In addition, to promote the rooting of new trees, rooting agents can also be added to the water.

1.6 Trimming Techniques

For young trees, it is necessary to do a good job of pruning in time, and the length of the first branch is controlled at about 40 cm, and the length of the second branch is about 30 cm; In May and June of each year, it is necessary to do a good job of fruit thinning, generally when the crown of ginkgo biloba is small, the frequency of fruit thinning can be appropriately increased, and the frequency can be reduced during the fruiting period. Heart picking can be performed in mid-May to promote the growth of thick branches; Picked in late May, the ginkgo tree avoids new shoots and promotes the smooth emergence of new leaves from the first bud to obtain adequate nutrients.

2 Major pest control measures for ginkgo biloba trees

2.1 Stem rot

Stem rot is the main disease of the ginkgo tree, which will adversely affect the growth of the rhizome of the ginkgo tree, the disease mostly occurs in the relatively hot summer climate, causing the color of the ginkgo rhizome to turn brown, spread around the base of the stem, and finally lead to rhizome rot or even death. The disease is caused by bacterial infection or unsuitable soil moisture content, the bacteria are hidden in the soil, if the high temperature or flood, the bacteria are easy to endanger ginkgo biloba.

To prevent stem rot, you can do a good job of soil disinfection before sowing, and eliminate the germs in the soil in time. At the same time, it is also necessary to do a good job in cultivation management, carry out reasonable dense planting, and reasonably control the supply of water and fertilizer to improve the plant's disease resistance. It is also necessary to do a good job of weeding in time to avoid weeds competing with ginkgo trees for nutrients. When the disease is serious, it is necessary to use chemical drugs in time. Various fungicides can be sprayed, such as methyl tolbuzin, carbendazim, Bordeaux liquid and other drugs, all of which can obtain good therapeutic effects.

2.2 Leaf blight

Leaf blight is more common in older ginkgo trees, because the roots are damaged during the transplanting process of seedlings, or in the later growth process, soil compaction and nutrient deficiency occur, which may lead to leaf blight. To prevent and control leaf blight, it is necessary to do a good job of fertilization in time to ensure that the growth of branches and leaves can obtain sufficient fertilizer. At the same time, drugs can be used for prevention and treatment, and stone sulfur compounds or 25% carbendazim 500 times liquid can be used at intervals of 2 weeks; You can spray agents such as thiomypramine, use it once every 1 week, and you can choose 70% methyl tolbuzin 600 times liquid to spray evenly 2 to 3 times, you can get a good control effect.

2.3 Ginkgo biloba silkworm moth

The Ginkgo giant silkworm moth is a common insect pest of ginkgo biloba trees, which can erode the leaves of ginkgo biloba trees, affecting the growth and fruit quality of ginkgo biloba trees. Every year in May and June is the peak period of the insect pest, the first launch of the Qingqian Willow Toutiao network until August will be feathered on the ginkgo tree and mated to lay eggs, the prevention and control of the timely removal of insect eggs, and the eggs are collectively destroyed. In addition, the ginkgo silkworm moth has the characteristics of phototropism, which can be booby-trapped with insect trap lamps, and the control effect is better; Pests can also be eliminated by introducing natural enemies, for example, red-eyed wasps can be introduced without adversely affecting the environment; For the Ginkgo giant silkworm moth, to be controlled in time, specifically 2.5% cypermethrin 2 500 times liquid can be used, and drugs such as dimethabs are used in the larval stage for control, and certain control effects can be obtained.

2.4 Ginkgo biloba ultra-small leaf curl moth

This pest can adversely affect the branches and leaves of ginkgo biloba trees and is not conducive to the healthy growth of ginkgo trees. To control this type of insect pest, quicklime, dichlorvos, salt, water, etc. can be mixed and applied to the ginkgo tree, which can effectively remove the overwintering pupae. In the adult stage, drugs should be used to kill pests, and the specific choice of 2.5% cypermethrin emulsion 500 times liquid and 50% borer pine emulsion 250 times liquid sprayed on the trunk of the ginkgo tree can effectively kill pests.

If the number of pests is large, you can choose 90% of the dichlorvos solution for control, which can effectively eliminate pests. Sweet and sour solutions can be selected for booby traps and 50% octylthion emulsion 1 000 times liquid is sprayed to eliminate pests.

In summary, ginkgo tree cultivation management is a more complex and systematic work, in order to improve the survival rate of ginkgo biloba, we must pay attention to the implementation of various planting details, master a certain cultivation technology points, and promote better growth of seedlings. At the same time, strengthen the control of major pests and diseases, and try to avoid the adverse impact of pests and diseases on the growth of ginkgo biloba trees.