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"Only the icing on the cake, where to send charcoal in the snow?"
People are often willing to do the "icing on the cake", but the act of "sending charcoal in the snow" can better reflect the true feeling of saving people from danger.
Zhu De, the founding marshal of the People's Republic of China, galloped all his life on the battlefield and made great contributions to China's revolutionary cause.
However, when Sichuan was carrying out land reform, it found an IOU with Zhu De's money in the home of a landlord.
Therefore, the incident also led to a past of "sending charcoal in the snow", and Zhu De quickly learned the news and hurriedly sent this person to Beijing.
What kind of relationship did Jude have with the landlord, and why rush to see him?
The word "Jude" was prominently written on the IOU
At the end of 1949, the whole territory of Sichuan was liberated. Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping were entrusted with heavy responsibilities and were in charge of the overall situation in the southwest.
While establishing people's power, land reform was carried out intensively. Forty-seven million mu of land controlled by the sichuan landlords was confiscated and distributed to thirty-six million poor peasants.
The land reform in New China is the agrarian revolution in the true sense of the word, which has realized the "cultivator has his land" that the Chinese peasants have been looking forward to for thousands of years.
Why did these "landlords" become the target of public criticism by confiscating the land in their hands and distributing it to the landless and landless peasants?
This depended on the living conditions of the vast number of peasants in China at that time.
According to historical data, if the peasant households in the whole country are divided into landlords, rich peasants, middle peasants, poor peasants and hired peasants according to the amount of land they own.
Then the landlords and rich peasants in the whole country occupy 70 to 80 percent of the land, and the middle peasants, poor peasants, and hired peasants occupy about 20 percent of the remaining land.
At the time of liberation, the landlords and rich peasants in the whole country accounted for only about 10 percent of the population, and the vast majority of peasants worked hard in the fields all year round, still unable to feed themselves, and their fate was very tragic.
After decades of war, the country is weak, the economy is withering, and in some places there is even a tragic scene of starvation...
It can be seen that without changing the vastly different land control situation, how the people can survive.
At this time, the land reform in Changshou County, Sichuan Province, was in full swing.
The vast number of landless and landless peasants were given land, and the peasants measured the land in the field while appreciating the Party's policy.
One day in 1950, the land reform team came to the home of Fu Dehui, a large landowner in Changshou County.
One by one, the land deeds and land contracts were searched, and only after a single order was issued, the credentials that bound the peasants' lives would be burned.
However, the eyes of the onlookers did not have the hateful eyes and the sad accusations of the past, and they all began to talk on the side.
"Come and see, the name on this note is actually him." This sentence comes from a cadre of the land reform team.
In addition to the exclamation, the land reform team members around them also gathered around.
The note in the cadre's hand was yellowed and the handwriting was mottled and blurry, and it was impossible to distinguish what was written.
However, the word IOU at the beginning is vaguely recognizable, which can prove that it is a sum of money lent by the Fu family, and it can also be seen that the word "Zhu De" is written on the end of the money.
Subsequently, the cadres of the land reform team called Fu Dehui over and asked him to identify the contents of the note.
Fu Dehui trembled and took the note in his hand and looked at it carefully, and his heart couldn't help but flutter slightly, and the scenes of the past appeared in front of him.
He said to the cadres of the land reform team: "This is an IOU, which says that I have received a hundred pieces of ocean today, and the borrower - Zhu De!" ”
"Could it be Commander-in-Chief Zhu De?" The cadres of the land reform team asked in disbelief, and Fu Dehui nodded his head silently, and whispered in his mouth: "Indeed, it is him."
Subsequently, Fu Dehui told a past story with Zhu De.
"Remembrance" trumps "credentials"
It turned out that the ancestors of the Fu family had always adhered to the admonition of "poetry and books to inherit the generations and be loyal to the family".
It has been passed down for generations, accumulating a large amount of land and industry, and is a well-known rich man in the local area.
However, the Fu family has lived in Changshou County for generations, but has never exploited or oppressed local farmers.
When the years are not good, they still have to give alms to the poor, and the villagers who have difficulties offer loans, and the Fu family is also righteous and loose money, never usurious loans to deceive the people.
Therefore, the Fu family was widely praised in the local area, and everyone said that "this rich man is different from the ordinary bully landlord."
Fu Dehui was born in such a large family that adhered to the principle of "gentleness, kindness, courtesy, frugality and let".
He read a lot of poetry and books, had excellent studies, and had a calm and dignified personality, and was later admitted to Peking University.
In his youth, Fu Dehui also had an ideal, he saw the scene of the country being weak and the people poor, and wanted to pin his hope of "saving the country and saving the people" on industry and changing the backward status quo of the country.
Just like Second Master Qin in "The Tea House", the ideal is to build a "top big, top big factory".
In Fu Dehui's mind, he believed that in order to keep the country from continuing to be bullied by the Western powers, it was necessary to "strengthen itself."
At that time, although a large number of elites once had the same idea as Fu Dehui and devoted themselves to "industrial salvation of the country", they achieved little success.
Because at that time, the reason for the country's poverty and weakness was not only industrial backwardness, but also the great powers had always controlled China's industrial lifeline and controlled China's politics, economy and many other fields.
They will not allow China to achieve any substantial development at all, threatening their layout of dividing China.
This may be something that the national capitalists who are enthusiastic about "saving the country through industry" cannot see through.
Without a strong country as a backing, we can't even talk about at least "independence and autonomy", so how can we develop our own industries?
Therefore, this road of "industry to save the country" is impossible.
Even so, the spirited Fu Dehui still had a dream, and after completing his university studies, he went to Germany.
Learn advanced technology from the West to realize your own concept of "industry to save the country".
In Germany, in addition to studying hard, Fu Dehui also met many young people with lofty ideals from the motherland, and Zhu De was one of them.
Fu Dehui is warm and generous and helpful. Because of their solid family background, students who encounter financial constraints will be generous and do their best to help others.
In particular, it should be mentioned that the same study abroad, coupled with the feelings of compatriots, made Fu Dehui never think of letting these students who had difficulties pay back.
The IOUs written by the students are only a memory of Fu Dehui.
It can be said that Fu Dehui took these notes as "souvenirs" to trump the meaning of the "credentials" themselves.
At that time, Judd, who was in a difficult situation, planned to leave Germany and continue his studies in the Soviet Union. When Fu Dehui learned of this, he happily lent Zhu De a hundred pieces of ocean as a way fee.
Therefore, Zhu Decai was able to make the trip, and Fu Dehui chose to return to the motherland to develop after completing his studies.
Through his own efforts, Fu Dehui walked on the road of "industry to save the country", but he was the same as the encounter with Qin Erye in "The Tea House".
In the harsh business environment, it has not resisted the double squeeze of foreign capital and corrupt officials at home.
In a fit of anger, Fu Dehui chose to close the door, idle at home, concentrate on reading, and do not ask about the world.
It was not until 1950 that the land reform team once again turned over this IOU placed in the corner, evoking this dusty past, which organically promoted Fu Dehui and Zhu Dehui to meet again.
Bumpy road to study abroad
For Zhu De, although he and Fu Dehui also went to Germany to study, their ideals, goals, and life circumstances had different endings.
In 1922, Judd was tired of the warlord melee, and you fought for it.
The years-long struggle between "civil war insiders and foreign war laymen" has consumed national strength and is of no benefit to the national economy and people's livelihood.
At that time, Zhu De recalled his step-by-step life course and couldn't help but feel a thousand emotions in his heart.
At an early age, in the context of a poor family, his parents hoped that their son would be able to get ahead and change his court, and they saved money to provide him with twelve years of private school.
When he was young, Zhu De was admitted to the Yunnan Army Lecture Hall and came into contact with some bourgeois democratic ideas.
After completing his studies, Zhu De served as a brigade commander in the Dian Army, participated in various battles in the War of The Protectorate of the Country and the War of The Protector of France, made many military achievements, became famous, and gradually became a member of the Dian Army.
In the old army, Zhu De's state of mind slowly fell into contradictions and pain, and he felt more that there was no way to serve the country.
Zhu De rejected the promise of the Sichuan warlord Yang Sen to the high-ranking official Houlu and began dabbling in books on communist ideas and reaching out to progressives.
He realized that he still needed to continue to study and enrich his insights, so he had the intention of studying abroad.
Sun Yat-sen, the forerunner of the revolution, suggested that he go to the United States to study democratic ideas and that he would certainly make great achievements after returning to China. However, Judd believed that it was necessary to go to Europe, the birthplace of communism, to find the truth.
In September 1922, Zhu De transferred from Shanghai to a steamship to Europe, and his first stop was Germany.
At this time, Zhu De had learned that the Chinese students in Europe had established a communist organization, and he quickly contacted Zhou Enlai, one of the initiators.
When Zhu De met with Zhou Enlai, he told him about his various experiences and confessed that he had traveled far and wide to Europe in order to find a real way to save the country.
During the conversation, Zhu De put forward the idea of joining the Communist Party.
At that time, the highest person in charge of the CCP in Europe was Zhang Shenfu, and Zhou Enlai naturally had to report to Zhu De on the issue of joining the party.
According to Zhang Shenfu's recollection, Zhu De was tall, and although he was an old-fashioned soldier, he abandoned the high-ranking official Houlu and came to Europe to find revolutionary truth.
This shows that he has a firm revolutionary will and is qualified to become a qualified party member.
Moreover, Zhu De's speech and demeanor left a deep impression on Zhang Shenfu, and he did not hesitate to give the evaluation of "modesty and sincerity, with high revolutionary enthusiasm".
Soon, Zhang Shenfu and Zhou Enlai became Zhu De's introduction to the party, and Zhu De joined the Chinese Communist Party.
In 1923, Judd entered the University of Göttingen in Germany, which had produced famous figures such as the Brothers Grimm and Bismarck, and was a very famous institution of higher learning in Europe.
However, the path to study in a foreign country is not destined to be smooth and full of obstacles. First, Jude has to go through the language dilemma.
In order to learn German as quickly as possible, Judd found a special German landlord.
3 Planckstraße Göttingen became Judd's residence, owned by a German general who fought in World War I.
He was very excited about Jude's arrival, probably because they were both former soldiers, and the two soldiers got along very well, and they had the feeling of seeing each other and hating each other.
At that time, Judd did not have any foundation in German, and in order to overcome the language barrier, he learned German day and night, memorizing words while cooking, sometimes to the point of sleeping and forgetting to eat.
He also often studied German military strategies and tactics, and constantly asked his landlord for advice on military issues.
The two men often talked until late at night, which invisibly promoted the improvement of Jude's German language level.
Finally, the effort paid off, and after only a few months, the basic use of German was mastered by Jude, who could communicate without obstacles.
Today, 3 Planck Street, where Jude once lived, has a commemorative plaque embedded in its façade.
With Jude's name on it, and the time he lived here, it has become a beautiful landscape for posterity to stop and enjoy.
Soon, Xu Shuzheng went to Germany as a special envoy of the Beiyang government to carry out traitorous activities.
After learning the news, Zhu De and Chinese students surrounded the Beiyang government's legation in Berlin and demanded to Minister Wei Chenzu that "no debt and no arms should be bought."
Wei Chenzu was afraid of the students' demands for justice and avoided them. The students broke through the German police blockade and stormed the embassy.
In the face of Zhu De and the face-to-face rebuke of the international students, although Wei Chenzu hated these students to the bone, he did not dare to speak out.
In the end, under the repeated persistence and struggle of international students, Xu Shuzheng could only leave for China in ashes and return to China without success.
In 1925, the "May Thirtieth Activity" broke out in China.
In solidarity with the domestic struggle, Chinese students at the University of Göttingen organized and distributed leaflets on the streets.
Introducing the people of Europe to the miserable living conditions of the Chinese working class and exposing the various perverse actions of the warlord government, including Zhu De.
In addition, the students held large-scale demonstrations and rallies, and a large number of German police officers rushed into the assembly site and arrested many Chinese students.
In the heavy rain, the unarmed students were thrown into the prison next to Alexanderplatz.
In prison, the international students did not stop fighting and resisting, Zhu De took the lead in singing revolutionary songs, and the impassioned "Internationale" reverberated melodiously in the cell.
This move shocked the German prison authorities, and they also felt great admiration for the firm will of Chinese students.
Usually, if you were arrested for a demonstration organized by students, you could be released in just two or three days.
On this occasion, Judd's passport was confiscated by the German police, and he received an expulsion order ordering him to leave German territory immediately.
It turned out that wei Chenzu, the minister in Germany, not only did not protect the personal safety of Chinese students, but instead demanded that the German government expel all Chinese students who participated in the parades and rallies.
The German government actually agreed to this request, and Judd's name was listed in the deportation order.
At this time, under the arrangement of the party organization, Zhu De was going to leave Germany and go to the Soviet Union to continue his further studies.
However, he did not even have a road fare due to financial distress, and the multi-faceted financing of his friends around him was to no avail. In the moment of crisis, Fu Dehui reached out to help and took out a hundred pieces of ocean.
After arriving in the Soviet Union, Zhu De first entered the Moscow Eastern University, where he underwent systematic and formal military training.
The brand-new tactics and tactics broadened his horizons and laid a solid foundation for commanding the army in the future.
In 1926, the torrent of the Great Revolution swept across the country, and Zhu De and a large number of military talents who studied in the Soviet Union returned to China to participate in the Northern Expedition.
The train carried these enthusiastic young people, rushed above the ice and snow of the Soviet Union, crossed the entire Trans-Siberian Railway, and reached Vladivostok.
Finally, the steamship returned to the motherland, which had been separated for a long time, and threw itself into the vigorous revolutionary tide.
After more than twenty years of struggle, Zhu De struggled in the majestic Jinggang Mountain and fought in Yan'an, the holy land of revolution.
After three years of liberation war, he commanded the people's army to defeat enemies at home and abroad and became the founding fathers of the republic.
Learn to have expertise, report to the state
Who could have predicted that more than twenty years later, two old classmates who had crossed thousands of miles and had studied in Germany would be able to meet in Beijing.
This IOU was reported by the cadres of the land reform team layer by layer, which finally alarmed the central leaders and finally reached Zhu De's ears.
Zhu De's relief of Fu Dehui's difficulties in those years is still fresh in his memory, and he is very grateful for his help. The two had not seen each other for many years and had a good conversation.
For Fu Dehui, although he came from a rich family, he never gave up the ideal in his heart and always thought of "serving the country through industry".
And he himself has a solid profession, but also studied in Germany, after returning to China is still tireless to find teachers and friends, in the field of chemical industry has made certain achievements.
Nowadays, the whole country has ushered in a new life, and on the occasion of employing people, Fu Dehui also has a lot of feelings about the thriving appearance of new China.
The country's thriving transformation and the people's high enthusiasm for construction also aroused his passion to dedicate himself to the country again.
Later, Fu Dehui lived up to expectations, entered the scientific research unit, and became a researcher.
He finally returned to the chemical industry where he specialized, served the people in the field he was good at, made great contributions to the country, and realized the concept of serving the country in this way.
At the same time, Fu Dehui and Zhu De have always maintained contact with each other and often exchanged greetings.
epilogue
In order to seek the road to national salvation, Zhu De broke through many obstacles, found the party and found Europe, and finally found the truth of the revolution.
Fu Dehui saves people from difficulties and does not ask for returns; Moreover, with the concept of "industry to save the country", he never gave up his original intention, and finally contributed to the country with the help of Zhu De.
Although Zhu De and Fu Dehui took different paths, they had the same love of innocence and the heart of serving the country in their hearts, which enabled them to establish an indestructible friendship.
The story between Fu Dehui and Zhu De was passed down as a good story. It can be seen that "sending charcoal in the snow" and "adding flowers to the icing on the cake" are not a lament and compassionate words in the human world.