Benefit analysis of Chinese turtle with different hybrid combinations under the co-cultivation mode of rice turtle
Fund Project: Anhui Provincial Central Government To Guide Local Science and Technology Development Special Project (201907d06020015); Anhui Aquatic Industry Technology System Project (Anhui Agricultural Science [2021] No. 711); Chief Expert Studio of Agricultural Industry of Hefei City (Rice-Fishery Comprehensive Breeding) (202107)
_Chen Xiajun, etc
Rice-tortoise co-cultivation is a common rice-fishery co-cultivation model in which turtles are released into rice fields to loosen the soil, remove weeds from the field and prey on field pests during their activities, while the remnants of the turtles and manure can provide nutrients for rice growth. This breeding model can not only reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, but also improve the quality of rice and farmed turtles, thereby improving economic benefits. There are many factors affecting the economic benefits of the rice turtle co-cultivation model, in this study, through the stocking of different hybrid combinations of Chinese turtle, the yield of turtle, rice yield and economic benefits are compared and analyzed to find good breeding varieties.
1. Materials and methods
1. Experiment with turtles and rice
The turtle species used in the test were Japanese turtle ♂× Japanese turtle ♀, Yellow River turtle ♂× Japanese turtle ♀, Japanese turtle ♂ × Taiwan turtle ♀were three different hybrid combinations, and the rice varieties were selected "Nan Japonica 5055".
2. Experiment with rice paddies
The breeding experiment was carried out in the rice turtle breeding base of Anhui Nongjiayi Ecological Breeding Co., Ltd. in Huaining County, Anqing City. The area of the test field is 2 to 3 mu, and the area of breeding ditch is 10%. Place asbestos tiles as feed stations and sunbathing platforms for Chinese turtles in the breeding tai, appropriately increase the height of the fields around the test field, and build color steel plate isolation and escape prevention facilities on the field mounds.
3. Experimental design
Rice transplanting was carried out on June 3, 2021, with a row spacing of 25 cm and a plant spacing of 15 cm; On June 18, turtle species were released and experiments were carried out on the culture of Chinese turtles with different hybrid combinations. Turtle stocking specifications of 300~400 g/piece, stocking amount of 35 kg/mu, of which The Japanese turtle ♂ × Day Ben ♀ Turtle, Yellow River Turtle ♂ × Japan Turtle ♀, Japanese Turtle ♂ × Taiwan Turtle ♀ Each combination is repeated, and the blank control is 1 (chinese turtle is not stocked); After feeding management (feeding at 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. every day according to the daily feeding rate of 2%, the specific feeding amount is adjusted according to the feeding status, growth stage, water quality, weather, etc.), the phenotypic traits of turtles are measured at 50 days and 100 days, the rice yield of different groups is measured after rice harvest, and the overall economic benefit of each group is finally counted.
2. Results
1. Rice turtle yield
Turtles died in each test field during the culture process, but the overall survival rate was above 90%. The turtles in the test field were weighed at 50 and 100 days, respectively, and the results were shown in Table 1. The fastest growing among the 3 different hybrid combinations is the Yellow River ♂ turtle × the Japanese ♀ turtle, followed by the Japanese ♂ turtle × the Japanese ♀ turtle, and the slowest is the Japanese ♂ turtle × the Taiwan ♀ turtle; All group turtles grow at a slower rate of the first 50 days than the last 50 days.
Table 1 Growth of turtles of different hybrid combinations g/wh
After the rice harvest, the rice yield and turtle weight of each experimental group were counted, and the results were shown in Table 2. The rice yields of Japanese turtle ♂ × Japanese turtle ♀ and Yellow River turtle ♂ × Japanese ♀ turtle in the three experimental groups were relatively similar, and the rice yields of Japanese ♂ turtle × Taiwan turtle ♀ were lower than those in the first two groups, while the rice yields in the control group were the lowest. Turtle production is Yellow River turtle ♂ × Japanese turtle ♀> Japanese turtle ♂× Japanese turtle ♀> Japanese turtle ♂ × Taiwan turtle ♀.
Table 2 Yields of turtles and rice in different hybridization combination modes kg/ha
2. Economic benefits
According to the daily feeding management costs and output benefits, the economic benefits of each experimental group and the control group were statistically analyzed, and the results were shown in Table 3. The cost of different experimental groups is basically the same, about 64 000 yuan / ha, mainly including rice seeds, turtle seedlings, field rent, infrastructure, fertilizers, pesticides, turtle feed, manual management fees; The cost of single-crop rice culture in the control group (rice seeds, field rent, fertilizers, pesticides and manual management fees, etc.) is about 16 915 yuan / ha. In 2021, the purchase price of "Nan Japonica 5055" conventionally planted in the region is 3.5 yuan / kg, and the purchase price of "Nan Japonica 5055" under the rice turtle co-cultivation model will reach 4.5 yuan / kg; The price of farmed Chinese turtles is 100 yuan / kg. After accounting, the profit per hectare under the rice monoculture model was 11 365 yuan; Under the rice turtle co-cultivation model, due to the different combinations of cultured turtle types, there are certain differences in growth rates, resulting in differences in overall returns, with profits per hectare amounting to 57 000 to 70 000 yuan (Table 3).
Table 3 Economic benefits under different models Yuan/ha
3. Discussion
As a sustainable ecological breeding model, the rice turtle co-cultivation model significantly reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides compared with traditional farming. This has a positive effect on improving the quality, nutritional level, and quality of rice in turtles (Wang Futian et al., 2019; Chang Pei'en et al., 2019; He Jixiang et al., 2017).
Rice-tortoise co-cultivation patterns have developed throughout the country, but the level varies from place to place. There are many factors affecting the economic benefits of the rice turtle co-cultivation model (temperature, light, rice varieties, turtle seedling varieties, etc.), and this experiment analyzes the yield differences between the groups by stocking different hybrid combinations of Chinese turtles to the rice field planted with "Nan Japonica 5055", and comparing and analyzing the yield differences between the groups under the same management mode.
In the process of breeding, the author found that the Yellow River ♂ turtle × the Japanese turtle ♀ hybrid combination with the fastest growth rate, followed by the Japanese ♂ turtle × The Japanese ♀ turtle combination. In addition, male turtles were larger than female turtles in all experimental groups, a result consistent with previous relevant studies (Chen Et al., 2013).
In the rice turtle mode, the turtle culture in the rice field can loosen the soil and remove weeds in the field, and the residual bait and manure can provide nutrients for the rice, and the marginal effect of the paddy field is conducive to increasing the yield of rice (Wu Xue et al., 2010). According to the yield and planting cost of rice turtles in each group, the economic benefits of each group are analyzed, and the cost of the rice single cropping mode is much lower than that of the rice turtle co-cultivation mode, mainly due to the transformation of rice fields in the rice turtle mode and the higher cost of turtle breeding and management. However, the rice sales price is lower under the rice monoculture model, and the yield is lower than that of the rice turtle model. The market sales price of Chinese turtles farmed in the rice turtle model is higher than that of conventional farmed turtles, which can produce higher economic benefits.
In this study, through the comparative analysis of the growth of different hybrid combinations of Chinese turtles, it was found that under the same environmental conditions, the hybrid combinations of Yellow River ♂ turtle × Japanese turtle ♀ had the fastest growth rate, so as to achieve the highest economic output. Based on the rice yield of each experimental group and the growth of turtles, the Chinese turtles that are bred ♂ × the Japanese turtle ♀ can obtain the best economic benefits.