On November 2, 1948, the Liaoshen Campaign ended, and our army won a complete victory. For the first time, the Chinese People's Liberation Army surpassed the Kuomintang in terms of troop strength and liberated all of northeast China.
After the end of the campaign, Fu Zuoyi, who was known as the Kuomintang's "General Commander of suppression" in North China, and his clique abandoned their armor and dragged their troops, and they were already in a posture of holding their heads and running away. In the face of the joint attack of the North China and Northeast People's Liberation Army, which was highly morale, the Fu Zuoyi clique had become a bird of fright.
At this time, the Most Decisive Battle of Pingjin, the most decisive of the "Three Great Battles", was about to erupt. At a time when everyone thought that Fu Zuoyi's clique would put up deadly resistance, on January 22, 1949, Fu Zuoyi officially issued the "Agreement on the Peaceful Liberation of Peiping" and led hundreds of thousands of nationalist soldiers out of the city to be surrendered.
Tu 丨 won a big victory
As soon as the announcement came out, everyone was shocked. What surprised everyone the most was: Why was this most senior Kuomintang officer able to change his mind and willingly liberate Peiping peacefully in just a few days?
All this is inseparable from the merits of one person, she is Fu Zuoyi's eldest daughter, Fu Dongju.
Figure 丨 Fu Dongju
Progressive youth, engaged in an underground struggle against the Kuomintang
Fu Dongju, born in Taiyuan, Shanxi in the winter of 1924, was the eldest daughter of Fu Zuoyi, a patriotic general of the Kuomintang. Fu Zuoyi, who was in the ascendancy of his career, took his wife and daughter to Chongqing, the rear of the revolution. In 1941, while studying at Nankai Middle School in Chongqing, Fu Dongju came into contact with a variety of new-trend ideologies and revolutionaries, and joined the Clarion Society, a progressive youth organization led by the Ccp.
Since then, she has forged a relationship with the Communist Party and the Revolutionary Army. In the Horn Society, Because her father Fu Zuoyi was a senior Kuomintang officer, Fu Dongju took advantage of her own favorable conditions to promptly forward some important information and classified information about the Kuomintang to the underground party organization of the CPC.
In this way, she helped the Communist Party gather useful intelligence under the eyes of the Kuomintang, which played a great role in helping the struggle of the Common Kuomintang in China.
Picture 丨 Chongqing
Fu Dongju studied conscientiously during his school years and actively absorbed new ideas from outside. In the second year, he was admitted to Kunming Southwest Union University with excellent results and studied English.
During her studies at the United Nations General Assembly, Fu Dongju further accepted the influence of progressive ideas and actively participated in the student movement, and she gradually grew up in a revolutionary atmosphere and gradually understood the Communist Party, which was the real struggle for the liberation of all mankind. At this moment, her heart is also filled with the progressive ideas of the Communist Party.
She had become an excellent Communist Party member. During her studies at the Southwest United University, Fu Dongju was accepted as a member of the "stronghold" by the underground organization of the Communist Party because of her outstanding learning ability and excellent personal qualities. Since then, Fu Dongju and his father Fu Zuoyi have embarked on a completely opposite political path.
Picture 丨 Southwest Union University
In 1946, Fu Dongju graduated from the Southwest United University, and she came to Tianjin Dagong Bao as she wished, serving as the editor of the Ta Kung Pao. As she wished, the editor's identity would better help her gather effective intelligence, secretly deliver more up-to-date information to the Communist Party, and be less likely to be suspected.
At this time, the situation of the domestic revolution was grim, and Kuomintang agents were in full swing. Many newspapers were forced by the oppression of the Kuomintang and did not dare to speak out at will, and the Kuomintang agents and their eyeliners monitored everything and looked for all traces of the underground party.
In this grim situation, ordinary people may be labeled as "pro-communist and anti-Chiang Kai-shek" because of a certain sentence that is considered to be related to the underground party, and they will be seriously retaliated against.
At this time, newspapers did not dare to publish articles at will, ordinary people did not dare to speak out at will, and the people's mouths were covered by the Kuomintang. At this time, on the Huaxia Dome, it seemed that the cage was covered with a layer of airtight dark clouds, and the heavens and earth suddenly lost their color.
Figure 丨 Kuomintang
In these days of trepidation, the progressive young Fu Dongju stood up! Fu Dongju was not afraid of the surveillance of Kuomintang agents and their eyelines, nor was she afraid of the Kuomintang's cruel methods against the underground party, and she broke free from the shackles that the Kuomintang had sealed on the people's mouths.
A series of progressive articles are often published in the "Progress Daily", bringing fresh vitality and fresh strength to this gray land. The dark clouds over the heavenly dome gradually dispersed, and in that little gap, a transparent light of hope was revealed, sprinkled on the dark and barren land, sprinkled in the hollow eyes of people who did not see sunlight all their lives.
Although at this time, many newspapers did not dare to speak out, did not dare to help Fu Dongju print such progressive articles that would invite the disaster of killing, at this time Fu Dongju once again took advantage of the convenience of his identity. She personally took the article to her father Fu Zuoyi's subordinates, and the printing house under management was printed and distributed.
Picture 丨 Dull atmosphere
The workers of the printing plant not only suffocated the social atmosphere at this time, did not dare to print such progressive articles at will, but also had to help print Fu Zuoyi's prestige within the Kuomintang. Under the dilemma, Fu Dongju still completed the printing and distribution of a series of progressive articles.
During the years when Fu Dongju worked for the underground party, Fu Dongju often used Fu Zuoyi's daughter, which was facilitated by many conveniences and also sent many urgently needed materials and important information to the underground party.
This provided a solid backline guarantee for the struggle between the underground Party and the Kuomintang.
Figure 丨 transmits intelligence
Join the Communist Party and win over his father Fu Zuoyi
On November 15, 1947, Fu Dongju was inspired by her enthusiasm for the revolution and her excellent work ability. The CCP organized and approved Fu Dongju's application to join the Communist Party, and Fu Dongju officially became a member of the Communist Party of China.
In 1948, when the Liaoshen Campaign was in full swing, Fu Dongju was preparing to return to Beijing after a series of progressive manuscripts were printed, when she suddenly received a task from the organization to "stay in Beiping".
Originally, the organization wanted to get more information on the ideological aspects of the Kuomintang commander-in-chief of this battle, Fu Zuoyi, the "general commander of the suppression" in North China, and more information and decisions about the Kuomintang on this campaign.
Fu Dongju understood that if the organization could obtain the enemy's first-hand information in time, then this would be of great help to our party in winning the Liaoshen Campaign. Fu Dongju now decided to stay in Beiping on a mission, taking care of his father's life in Beiping to secretly obtain the information needed by the organization.
Figure 丨Fu Zuoyi
During his life in Beiping, Fu Dongju still did not forget to fight for his father Fu Zuoyi, and often did his father's ideological work. Perhaps Fu Zuoyi originally had the idea of peaceful liberation, or perhaps Fu Dongju's firm ideological belief and the courage of the newborn calf to not fear difficulties.
Fu Zuoyi was reminded by his daughter's occasional side knocks, and his thoughts were obviously fluctuating. He began to wonder whether peaceful coexistence with the Communist Party was feasible.
In life, Fu Dongju took good care of Fu Zuoyi, and Fu Dongju knew Fu Zuoyi's daily emotional changes. Just waiting to find the right time to pass the information on to the party organization through the secret radio, and even worse, it is possible that what happened to Fu Zuoyi that night will be known to the organization the next morning.
Figure 丨Fu Zuoyi
It can be said that in the past few years of struggle against the Kuomintang, the Communist Party of China has fought countless battles. In this protracted struggle, the CCP was able to survive in the inferior JEP many times, and it was inseparable from the lives and deaths of a number of outstanding intelligence officers.
Fu Dongju's indelible presence among these intelligence officers. She played an unquestionable role in the victory of the Liaoshen Campaign and the Pingjin Campaign and the liberation of Beiping.
After the Liaoshen Campaign, while taking care of his father's living quarters, Fu Dongju repeatedly seemed to "inadvertently" put the newspapers and periodicals published in the Liberated Areas and pamphlets on Fu Zuoyi's desk.
After thinking about his father for a long time to fight for work, he was worried that his father would continue to follow Chiang Kai-shek in the civil war, which would lead to a situation in which the two armies were dead or alive. Fu Dongju confessed to her father her identity as a communist and had a private conversation with him.
Figure丨 Heroic battle
At this moment, Fu Dongju is not only the daughter of Fu Zuoyi, a senior Kuomintang officer, but also a qualified Communist Party member who has sacrificed her life and forgotten her death and has taken the overall situation into consideration. At this moment, Fu Zuoyi is no longer just a senior Kuomintang officer, but also an ordinary person who longs for peaceful liberation.
Their conversation was no longer the usual intimate dialogue between father and daughter, but a conversation between the members of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, a conversation that determined where the ancient capital of the six dynasties of Beiping would go.
Fu Dongju expressed to his father the Communist Party's desire to cooperate with him again, its willingness to peacefully resolve the Pingjin issue and avoid the two major cities and people being destroyed by artillery fire again.
Fu Zuoyi was also planning to do this at this time, but he was not sure whether this information was reliable, so he asked softly, "Was it sent by Mao Zedong or by Nie Rongzhen?" Fu Dongju replied, "Mao Zedong sent it." ”
Picture 丨 Conversation
Hearing this, Fu Zuoyi was silent, although he did not give an answer on the spot, but Fu Dongju believed that his father must have already had a plan in his heart, and successfully won his father and peacefully resolved the Pingjin issue just around the corner. Then, the CCP organization also quickly learned the main content of this conversation, and believed that if it wanted to fully win Over Fu Zuoyi, it would need to be promoted again.
In the Battle of Pingjin, Fu Zuoyi's immediate army, the 35th Army, was annihilated, and the commander also committed suicide and died. This desperate news soon reached Fu Zuoyi's ears and became the last straw that crushed the camel.
After receiving the news, Fu Zuoyi did not want to eat, and it was difficult to sleep, often sighing all night, and his mood became extremely unstable, sometimes angry, sometimes sighing.
During this period, the idea of cooperating with the Communist Party to peacefully liberate Peiping came up again, but he had too many worries and did not dare to make an easy decision.
Figure 丨 Battle of Pingjin
If you agree to the communist party's demands, how do you account to your subordinates? If the Pingjin issue is resolved peacefully, will we be called traitors and enemies? Is this a surrender? Will it be infamous for eternity? Such worries filled Fu Zuoyi's mind, and all of this was seen by Fu Dongju.
She knew her father's worries at this moment, knew his father's dilemma at this moment, and knew that his father only needed a little external force at this moment to safely and boldly cooperate with the CCP.
At this time, she patiently persuaded her father to dispel the concerns that had plagued her father for a long time, and only by conforming to the development trend of the times could she not be abandoned by the times and not abandoned by the people. The so-called people who win the hearts of the people win the world, and the people's hearts and minds are the last word for survival.
Figure丨 Conforms to the will of the people
Hearing this, Fu Zuoyi put his mind at ease and truly let go of the idea of negative resistance from the depths of his heart. Since then, under the mediation of Fu Dongju, Fu Zuoyi has held three peace talks with the CCP.
Finally, on January 22, 1949, he officially issued the "Agreement on the Peaceful Liberation of Peiping" and led 100,000 soldiers to surrender, and then all the more than 200,000 troops of the Kuomintang went out of the city to be reorganized, and the PLA troops were officially stationed in Beiping.
The city of Beijing, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, was finally able to survive the fierce war.
Marshal Nie Rongzhen also expressed his admiration and praise for Fu Dongju and his outstanding personal ability on many occasions. And in his memoirs, he did not hesitate to give Fu Dongju a high evaluation.
Figure丨 Marshal Nie Rongzhen
Achievements and retirements, deeply hiding merit and fame
After the pingjin problem was successfully resolved in 1949, Fu Dongju went south with Liu Deng's army and served as a war correspondent in the Yunnan Daily of the Southwest Service Regiment of the Second Field Army. She accompanied the army through Ningbo, Hubei, Hunan, Qian, Dian and other places, accumulating a lot of experience along the way, and learning a lot of theoretical knowledge and ethnic policies.
On October 1 of the same year, the People's Republic of China was proclaimed, and Fu Dongju did not rely on his own merits to enter the political arena and enter the political arena. Instead, she quietly retreated into the background and continued the literary career she loved.
There is a kind of person who can withstand the blows of the wind and waves, and also can withstand the indifference of coarse tea and light rice. Fu Dongju is such a person who can not only stand up in the autumn of critical survival, but also retire after the success of the great cause and leave without nostalgia for the glorious years of the past.
Figure 丨 Fu Dongju
Fu Dongju, who was engaged in literary careers, used the pen name "Fu Dong" and participated in the work of Yunnan Daily and People's Daily successively. Whether it is a reporter on the front line or an editor who has retreated behind the scenes, Fu Dongju has always used his own pen and his enthusiasm for life to seriously carry out the propaganda work of the cause of liberation.
Probably many people only know the writer Fu Dong, but do not know the Communist Party member Fu Dongju. Then, Fu Dongju, who had been poor all his life, always maintained a hard and simple family style, lived a simple life, and his home had not been renovated for more than twenty years.
In 1974, Fu Zuoyi died of illness in Beijing, and after liberation, Fu Zuoyi donated many of his real estate to the state. As Fu Zuoyi's daughter, Fu Dongju has always lived in the house that has not been renovated for more than twenty years, and only a few pieces of simple furniture are displayed.
In 1982, Fu Dongju was transferred to the Hong Kong branch of xinhua news agency for his excellent writing and engaged in unified war work. At this point, he worked hard until he was in his seventies before retiring from his post.
Figure 丨 Fu Dongju
Fu Dongju retired in 1995, and Fu Dongju, who had worked hard all his life, could have enjoyed the happiness of heaven and spent his old age in peace. But it is precisely because he has dedicated his whole life to the revolutionary liberation cause of New China. In his later years, Fu Dongju saved money and lived a life of deep seclusion.
In addition to her basic eating and wearing, she donated the rest of her pension to public welfare organizations and donated two Hope Primary Schools in her hometown of Shanxi. It can be said that "if you live in the temple, you worry about the people, and if you are far away, you worry about the king".
In her later years, Fu Dongju lived a low-key life, and she wanted to use her best partner "pen" to record the life of her father Fu Zuoyi, but she did not write until her death, because she thought she knew very little about her father.
In 1984, Jin Feng, a reporter for the People's Daily, persuaded her to write a memoir by hand, but Fu Dongju refused: "The tea is cold, do you want me to make you some hot water?" ”
Figure 丨 Fu Dongju
Fu Dongju hid his merits and fame deeply, and always said that he was just one of thousands of ordinary people in the Peiping Peaceful Liberation Movement.
Looking back in the past, we only know that when we mention the peaceful liberation of Peiping, we will definitely mention one person, Fu Dongju, a member of the Communist Party of China.