When it comes to Southeast Asian countries, most people think of Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia, Singapore, etc., and few people can think of Brunei for the first time.
However, as a country that "makes a lot of money in a muffled voice", Brunei is actually "rich and oily".
Brunei has a small population, but its economy is very developed, and its per capita GDP is more than 30,000 US dollars.
Brunei is in a quiet corner of Kalimantan and does not seem to have much contact with the surrounding countries, but during the Ming Dynasty, Brunei was known as Borneo.
A closer look at brunei's founding history reveals that Brunei is deeply linked to China.
What is the origin of this?
"Ming Dynasty officials who traveled to Borneo"
When we think of Brunei and China, we have to talk about a Ming dynasty official named Huang Senping.
Ong Sum Ping (Ong Sum Ping), born in 1339 in Licheng District, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, was the eldest son of Huang Liangfu of Jindun, Cao Lane, Xichunpu City.
When Huang Senping was born, his parents named him Huang Yuanshou (黄元寿), the character Changnian (昌年), and xichun (熙春).
Huang Yuanshou has been familiar with the Four Books and Five Classics since he was a child, and his ambitions are high, and adults who know him will say: "This son has a bright future." ”
Huang Yuanshou also lived up to the expectations of adults, and when he grew up, he did a great job.
Huang Yuanshou grew up at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, and the masses of heroes and heroes rose up to divide the forces of all sides, in an attempt to overthrow the rule of the Yuan Dynasty and establish their own political power.
Among them, Huang Yuanshou was wise and discerning, and the leader of the uprising who followed him was Zhu Yuanzhang, the future founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty.
Because Huang Yuanshou followed Zhu Yuanzhang to make great contributions, Zhu Yuanzhang attached great importance to Huang Yuanshou.
At that time, Huang Yuanshou made a significant contribution to the suppression of bandits in Senping Beach in the South China Sea, and Zhu Yuanzhang later gave the name "Huang Senping".
After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Huang Senping had been fighting against the Wukou on the southeast coast, and was later sent by Zhu Yuanzhang to Tengchong, Yunnan to guard the border.
Because Tengchong's geographical location was extremely important, Huang Senping, at the suggestion of Zhu Yuanzhang, used heavy troops to guard Tengchong and built a stone city here.
Huang Senping's personality is brave and good at war, even if he came to Yunnan, he was like a fish in the water, he won many miracles, and was later promoted to the general of the Yongchang Tengchong Guard in Yunnan.
At this time, Zhu Yuanzhang heard that there was an extremely rich country in the southeast, and that country was full of gold and wealth.
Just as Huang Senping was on the edge of Shubian in Yunnan, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered Huang Senping to go on an envoy to find out.
Huang Senping actually did not want to obey Zhu Yuanzhang's orders, he was a native of Fujian, going to Yunnan was already an expedition, and now he was going to distant Borneo, which made his heart very painful.
In the Ming Dynasty, Huang Senping already had a reputation and advantage, even though he was not a person who stood at the peak of power, But Huang Senping already felt enough in his heart.
However, the emperor's order was difficult to violate, and even though Huang Senping had many reluctances in his heart, he could only take his troops and family to Borneo.
Huang Senping is not stable on this road, but he has encountered many difficulties and bumps.
At that time, the war in Burma was chaotic, and in order to avoid the scourge of war, Huang Senping could only take his family and soldiers to hide around on the sea.
However, when Huang Senping was about to arrive in Borneo (present-day Kalimantan), the group unfortunately encountered a tsunami.
In the face of natural disasters, Huang Senping and his party were unable to resist, and this fleet was destroyed, and only a few people, including Huang Senping, survived in the end.
Huang Senping landed at the mouth of a large river in East Kalimantan, and many of the people on board survived, but all broke their arms and legs.
Those who later migrated here called the estuary "Kinabatangan River", which means "the river of Chinese broken hands".
Because of the death and injury of the people accompanying him, Huang Senping naturally could not complete the task arranged by Zhu Yuanzhang.
If he went back at this time, he would definitely be guilty of not completing the task.
In addition, Zhu Yuanzhang was on the side of the Qing Dynasty, and the ministers who had meritorious service were suspected, and some even had their entire families wiped out.
Huang Senping was very afraid that if he went back, he would be caught by Zhu Yuanzhang on this grounds and kill his Nine Tribes.
After thinking about it again, Huang Senping decided to camp here first.
"Become the King of the Locals"
Huang Senping did not expect that his own power in the Broken Hands River Valley could develop so rapidly.
When Huang Senping came to the Broken Hand River, he first decided to carry out his own gold panning work.
However, at that time, the environmental conditions in the Broken Hands River Basin were particularly harsh, and even Huang Senping wanted to eat, they needed to drill wood for fire.
And the most difficult thing is that there are also local Fan people living nearby, who have clashed with Huang Senping and his party several times.
After a long time like this, Huang Senping also realized that it was not OK.
He made two decisions, one was to arm his own team, so as to gain his right to speak.
The second decision was that Huang Senping decided to establish a good relationship with the local Fan people.
Huang Senping himself had rich experience in leading soldiers to fight, and he soon led the local Chinese to develop rapidly in the Broken Hand River Valley.
Because of his outstanding talents, the local Chinese also respected him very much and elected him as a Chinese leader.
Huang Senping's own strength became stronger, and his prestige was also spread out in the Broken Hand River Valley, and those local fan people also began to fear Huang Senping and his party.
According to the Chinese name, the Chinese still callEdong Senping "General Soldier", while the local Fan people call him "La ge", which means wang.
Although Huang Senping did not consider himself to be the king, it can also be seen that he had established an independent Chinese government in the local area and had a powerful force to deter the local Fan people.
Because of Huang Senping's righteousness and helpfulness in his bones, after he had great strength, he did not want to annex the surrounding Fanren tribes.
On the contrary, Huang Senping has been in good relations with neighboring countries and tribes around him.
"Cooperation with the King of bohai"
At that time, there was a small country in Southeast Asia called the Bohai State, which was the predecessor of today's Brunei.
At that time, the Bohai state was weak and weak in strength, and was often suppressed by surrounding countries such as Indonesia and Sulu.
The Bohai kingdom was facing the crisis of subjugation, and in desperation, the king of the Bohai kingdom thought of asking for help from the outside world.
The king of bohai soon approached Huang Senping, hoping that he could help bohai to solve the crisis in front of him.
In order to be able to build a relationship with Huang Senping, the king of Bohai also took the initiative to marry his daughter to Huang Senping.
The king of bohai country hopes to be able to make Huang Senping sincerely help bohai country through this layer of in-law relationship.
Moreover, the king of bohai also promised Huang Senping that if he could solve the external and internal troubles of bohai, he promised that he could manage the country together with Huang Senping.
The king of the Bohai State established Huang Senping as the Bohai State of Mana jagana, a status that is easy to understand and is "King of Side by Side".
Huang Senping had no reason to refuse the request of the king of the Boni State, and soon Huang Senping formed an alliance with the Bohai State.
During the alliance, Huang Senping led his army to repeatedly defeat indonesia, Sulu and other enemy countries that wanted to attack the Bohai state.
Under Huang Senping's hands, the Bohai State quickly stopped the trend of subjugation and became more and more powerful.
The king of bohai found that Huang Senping was very brave and good at war, and he could not let this treasure be an enemy of his own family.
In order to consolidate the relationship between Huang Senping and the Bohai State, the King of bohai also had his brother marry Huang Senping's sister Huang Yuanli, and Huang Yuanli was also awarded the title of "Princess of the Broken Hand River in China".
During this period, Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty also sent envoys to bohai again.
The king of the Boni state spied the powerful national strength of the Ming Dynasty, so he trusted the Chinese regime of Huang Senping and his party from the Ming Dynasty even more.
In the following thirty years after the cooperation between the king of Bohai and Huang Senping, the Huang Senping family began to marry the Bohai royal family for generations.
Huang Senping himself became an important courtier, with a prominent position, even no less than the king of the Bohai State.
Huang Senping even directly referred to the Chinese and foreign countries as the king of the Bohai state.
During Huang Senping's cooperation with the king of bohai, Huang Senping once ordered dozens of large ships to sink into the estuary with stones.
Large ships were filled in as foundations, followed by stone walls and forts, the remains of which can still be seen today between the islands of Gaolang and Shemen.
"Don't forget the homeland, the fallen leaves return to the roots"
Although Huang Senping has become king overseas, he still does not forget his homeland.
Chinese has always had the idea of returning to the roots of fallen leaves, and Huang Senping is no exception, and this feeling becomes more and more intense with age.
In Huang Senping's heart, he is still a Chinese, and when he was in the Bohai Country, Huang Senping often stood on the shore and looked at China across the sea.
Huang Senping's wish in his lifetime is to be able to return to his homeland again.
In 1408, huang Senping, who was already 69 years old, decided to follow his heart and return to China.
Huang Senping left his sister Huang Yuanli in the Bohai Mud Country and let his sister take over the bohai mud country in his town.
Huang Senping himself took advantage of the identity of the Boni state of "Mana Jagana" to bring 150 subordinates and relatives to China by boat to pay tribute.
At that time, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty had become Zhu Di, and Zhu Di welcomed Huang Senping's arrival.
Zhu Di also specially ordered that every prefecture and county where Huang Senping and his party passed should treat them well and treat them as vips.
When Huang Senping and his party came to Nanjing, Zhu Di held a warm welcome ceremony and gave heavy gifts such as the Boni royal family and envoys.
The expenses of Huang Senping and his party in Nanjing were borne by the Ming Dynasty.
Huang Senping stayed in Nanjing for several months, and every grass and tree in his homeland made him linger.
However, Huang Senping still has a heavy burden on his body, and he can't just stay in his homeland and let the Boni country go unchecked.
After making up his mind, Huang Senping could only reluctantly prepare to leave his homeland.
However, perhaps it was the fatigue of the boats and cars along the way, so that the already elderly Huang Senping could not embark on the road back to the Bohai country.
In October of the same year, before he could officially start his career, he died of a sudden illness.
Before his death, Huang Senping made three requests to Zhu Di.
The first is to classify the land he owns in the Boni State and the Broken Hand River Basin as the territory of China, and the second is to request the sealing of Zhenshan, the highest mountain in Southeast Asia, as the Boni State.
Huang Senping hoped that Zhu Di would be able to give him a good name and let Shanyong town the land of East Asia.
Huang Senping's last hope is to "entrust his body to China", and he hopes that he can be buried on the land of China after his death, so that the fallen leaves can return to their roots.
After learning of Huang Senping's death, Zhu Di was very sad and buried him outside Nanjing with Chinese royal rites according to Huang Senping's will.
As a result, Huang Senping also became the only king of Brunei buried in China and the only foreign king buried in Nanjing.
After Huang Senping was buried, Zhu Di arranged for someone to guard the mausoleum for him, and there were still people to worship and sweep in the spring and autumn.
After Zhu Di's death, successive emperors maintained friendly relations with the Boni state and regularly maintained and repaired Huang Senping's tomb.
Because of Huang Senping, the Boni State's sense of identification with the Ming Dynasty has also been continuously enhanced.
However, with the spread of war and the change of the times, after the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty implemented a sea ban, and the Ming Dynasty's sea ships no longer went to sea.
Even the land that Huang Senping handed over to him was no longer wanted by the Ming Dynasty.
After the withdrawal of Chinese power from Nanyang, the Bohai state no longer paid tribute to China.
After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, Huang Senping's tomb was not well maintained and repaired, and it was lost for more than a hundred years.
On the Bohai side, Western colonists came to this land, resulting in Brunei, like other Southeast Asian countries, being unavoidably a colony of the West.
The Bohai state became a British colony, and the name of the country was changed to Brunei.
The people of the Huang Senping clan gradually became Malay and Muslim, and also withdrew from Brunei politics.
"Friendship between China and Lebanon"
According to literature, Huang Senping had two daughters married to Aherman, the second sultan of the Bohai state.
In the Ahmed era, Huang Senping's son Huang Kesun succeeded to the throne and became the king of the Bohai state.
After that, the king of Brunei passed it on from generation to generation according to the male bloodline of Huang Kesun.
In Brunei folk, there has always been a saying that the royal family worships Huang Senping as the ancestor.
In the current capital of Brunei, you can still see the road named after Huang Senping, and the relics of Huang Senping are still preserved in the National Museum of Brunei.
The Brunei royal family also has a very positive evaluation of Huang Senping on different occasions, and the Brunei royal family also included Huang Senping in the "Brunei Royal Family Lineage Map".
The cemetery of Huang Senping's descendants has also been carefully repaired by the Brunei royal family.
Culturally, Brunei has also been influenced by many Chinese.
Brunei's Chinese education has continued for a long time, Chinese if you travel to Brunei, there is not much problem in language communication.
Brunei is now one of the richest countries in the world with its oil and gas industry.
Although Brunei is a small country, the people living in Brunei are able to live and work in peace.
Brunei has always pursued a foreign policy of friendship between non-aligned countries, and although China and Brunei have only established diplomatic relations for a few decades, our friendship with Brunei dates back six hundred years.
During the COVID-19 epidemic, China also gave Brunei a large number of vaccines for the first time, which is enough to see the friendly relations between the two countries.
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Text | chafing dish
Edit | Don't mistake the little stars