Children with autism
Cognition is the starting point of all human learning behaviors, and it is also the "foundation" for the cultivation of children's abilities.
For children with special needs and for ordinary children, cognitive ability is the basis for various abilities such as language. Only by laying a solid cognitive foundation, the development and improvement of various abilities such as language can be natural and effective.
Children with autism
What is cognition?
Cognition is the most basic mental process of human beings.
Cognitive ability is a broad intelligence, such as memory, attention, imagination, observation ability, etc.
Children's cognitive content based on the development and improvement of children's cognitive ability mainly includes: perception, object naming concept, shape concept, color concept, number and quantity concept, spatial sense concept, causal concept, and the interconnection between these cognitive contents is inseparable.
Some parents have doubts, "cognition" is invisible and untouchable, feel that they understand, but think carefully, the child's cognition is very dazed... In fact, the child's cognition is "visible and tangible", because it can be reflected through the child's words and deeds (actions, language activities and behaviors), and the external performance of cognition can be achieved through the output of "words and deeds".
Today, the Autistic Children's Training Center - Language Delay - Sensory Integration Training Institution - Yarn Health summarized the cognitive ladder and intervention methods for children aged 1-6 years. Parents can refer to and compare the stages of their children's cognitive development to develop corresponding training methods.
Cognitive ladder table for children aged 1-6 years
(Click to see a larger image)
Children with autism
Children with autism
Methods for developing children's cognitive abilities
Children with autism
● Counter-answer antonyms
Size, speed, length, thickness, up and down, left and right, front and back, true and false, good or bad, fragrance, win or lose, inside and outside, etc., 10 pairs.
● Number of backs 20
Practice can begin with memorizing digital ballads, and when skilled, you can teach writing numbers.
● The point is consistent with the hand mouth
Count to 10, practice using existing items in the house, such as buttons, beads, chess pieces, fruits, etc., let the child count consistently, and then ask questions.
For example, if there are several pieces, let the child answer, practice repeatedly, you can count coherently, say how many there are in total, or you can use the abacus or abacus to practice.
● Pick up as requested
Take 5-8 things. When practicing, you can first take two familiar things, such as apples, bananas, peanuts, candy, etc., and then take another one on this basis, say that there are 3, and count.
Then put the 3 things together, count them together, and gradually add them to 4, 5, 6, and count at the same time.
● Repeat the number, countdown
Countdown to 10-1.
● Have an understanding of the four seasons
Say what to wear, eat, and play in winter and summer, get a preliminary understanding of the season, and answer 5-6 questions correctly.
When practicing, you can use a combination of looking at pictures and asking questions while looking at pictures, such as wearing tank tops, shorts, skirts, eating popsicles, watermelons, swimming, rowing in summer, wearing cotton clothes, gloves and building snowmen in winter.
● Get to know the trees and flowers you see every day
3-4 species, usually parents consciously teach their children to recognize various trees and flowers, such as domestic, street, botanical gardens, and explain their characteristics.
● Identify 5 colors
The general order in which children recognize colors is red, black, white, yellow, green, or blue.
Blue and green are harder to distinguish.
When teaching children to recognize colors, first let them find the colors they know, and then learn colors they don't recognize. After learning, use different objects to repeatedly reinforce and consolidate, and then learn another color. Never teach multiple colors at the same time.
● Find missing parts of the picture
For example, elephant trunks, table legs, fingers, and cat whiskers can be found in four, which can cultivate the ability to carefully observe and find errors.
● Recognize geometry
Round, square, triangular, oval, semi-circular, five-star, etc., can be recognized 5-6 kinds.
Can exercise children's visual discrimination ability and recognition ability.
● Touch the facial features according to the password
Right hand touch left ear, left hand touch right shoulder, left hand touch right knee, right leg touch left leg, 3-4th class.
Parents play with their children. Whoever does it right has the right to issue a password. Kids love to compete for first place.
You can practice the perception of spatial orientation, distinguish between left and right, and move quickly.
● Find out the difference
Inedible, such as biscuits, apples, tables, peaches, eggs, duck eggs, bombs;
Things that cannot be worn, such as clothes, hats, dolls; Things that can't run, such as trains, cars, and windmills.
Regular practice can develop your child's attention, listening, and debating skills, and can improve their ability to listen to lectures at school.
● Animal knowledge
A dog, a cow, a chicken, a few fish, what to eat, where to live, 12 questions and 10 pairs.
You can increase your knowledge by visiting objects and reading.
● Use physical answers to addition and subtraction within 5
For example, if you eat one of 3 bananas and there are many more, answer 5 questions correctly.
At home, you can practice by distributing apples, dates, etc., so that children can understand the meaning of numbers.
● You will pay for the purchase of items
Playing a game of buying and selling things at home, using real money, and then actually buying things on the street can strengthen children's understanding of numbers, understand the knowledge of money and goods, and learn to interact with people.
summary
Cognitive training should pay attention to two principles.
First, pay attention to the actual daily life of children;
The second is to grasp the child's current cognitive level, do not pull up seedlings to promote growth, and formulate the best cognitive ability improvement plan according to the child's current ability.
We all know that a child's cognition can be divided into two aspects: basic cognition and higher comprehensive cognition. It is suggested that children's cognitive training should start from basic cognitive training, because basic cognition is the most elementary, mainly the child's basic understanding of objective things, mainly including imitation ability, execution ability of simple instructions, graphic cognition, color cognition, number cognition, similar matching, observation ability, memory ability, logical thinking ability and ranking comparison.