Spring Boot project unified results, unified exceptions, unified logs

Uniform result return

At present, most of the data transmission format of front-end and back-end development is json, so defining a unified specification data format is conducive to the interaction of front-end and back-end and the display of UI.

A general form of uniform results

1. Whether the response was successful;
2. Response status code;
3. Status code description;
4. Response data
5. Other identifiers

Result class enumeration

• The first three can define result enumerations, such as success, code, and message

@Getter
public enum ResultCodeEnum {
    SUCCESS(true,20000,"成功"),
    UNKNOWN_ERROR(false,20001,"未知错误"),,
    PARAM_ERROR(false,20002,"参数错误"),
    ;

    // 响应是否成功
    private Boolean success;
    // 响应状态码
    private Integer code;
    // 响应信息
    private String message;

    ResultCodeEnum(boolean success, Integer code, String message) {
        this.success = success;
        this.code = code;
        this.message = message;
    }
}
           

Uniform result classes

• The fifth belongs to the custom return, and the first 4 can be used to define a unified return object

Note:

1. The add-in can only call the method of the uniform return class, cannot be created directly, and the shadow thorn constructor is private;
2. Built-in static methods to return objects;
3. In order to facilitate the customization of the unified result information, it is recommended to use chain programming, which will return the object set class itself, that is, return this;
4. Response data can be defined as JsonObject or Map format because it is in json format;

@Data
public class R {
    private Boolean success;

    private Integer code;

    private String message;

    private Map<String, Object> data = new HashMap<>();

    // 构造器私有
    private R(){}

    // 通用返回成功
    public static R ok() {
        R r = new R();
        r.setSuccess(ResultCodeEnum.SUCCESS.getSuccess());
        r.setCode(ResultCodeEnum.SUCCESS.getCode());
        r.setMessage(ResultCodeEnum.SUCCESS.getMessage());
        return r;
    }

    // 通用返回失败，未知错误
    public static R error() {
        R r = new R();
        r.setSuccess(ResultCodeEnum.UNKNOWN_ERROR.getSuccess());
        r.setCode(ResultCodeEnum.UNKNOWN_ERROR.getCode());
        r.setMessage(ResultCodeEnum.UNKNOWN_ERROR.getMessage());
        return r;
    }

    // 设置结果，形参为结果枚举
    public static R setResult(ResultCodeEnum result) {
        R r = new R();
        r.setSuccess(result.getSuccess());
        r.setCode(result.getCode());
        r.setMessage(result.getMessage());
        return r;
    }

    /**------------使用链式编程，返回类本身-----------**/
    
    // 自定义返回数据
    public R data(Map<String,Object> map) {
        this.setData(map);
        return this;
    }

    // 通用设置data
    public R data(String key,Object value) {
        this.data.put(key, value);
        return this;
    }

    // 自定义状态信息
    public R message(String message) {
        this.setMessage(message);
        return this;
    }

    // 自定义状态码
    public R code(Integer code) {
        this.setCode(code);
        return this;
    }

    // 自定义返回结果
    public R success(Boolean success) {
        this.setSuccess(success);
        return this;
    }
}
           

The control layer returns

• The view layer uses uniform results

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/v1/users")
public class TeacherAdminController {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @GetMapping
    public R list() {
        List<Teacher> list = teacherService.list(null);
        return R.ok().data("itms", list).message("用户列表");
    }
}    
           

• json result

{
  "success": true,
  "code": 20000,
  "message": "查询用户列表",
  "data": {
    "itms": [
      {
        "id": "1",
        "username": "admin",
        "role": "ADMIN",
        "deleted": false,
        "gmtCreate": "2019-12-26T15:32:29",
        "gmtModified": "2019-12-26T15:41:40"
      },{
        "id": "2",
        "username": "zhangsan",
        "role": "USER",
        "deleted": false,
        "gmtCreate": "2019-12-26T15:32:29",
        "gmtModified": "2019-12-26T15:41:40"
      }
    ]
  }
}
           

The use of the Uniform Result class refers to the design of the R object in mybatis-plus.

Unified exception handling

When using the unified return result, there is also a situation, that is, the saving of the program is the result caused by the runtime exception, and some exceptions cannot be predicted in advance, and we cannot normally go to the return of the R object of our return.

Therefore, we need to define a uniform global exception to capture this information and return it to the control layer as a result

@ControllerAdvice

This annotation is at the heart of uniform exception handling

is an advice that acts on the control layer and collects common @ExceptionHandler, @InitBinder, and @ModelAttributes methods into a single type and applies them to all controllers

Design ideas in this class:

1. Use @ExceptionHandler annotations to catch specified or custom exceptions;
2. Use @ControllerAdvice integrate @ExceptionHandler methods into a class;
3. A common exception capture method must be defined to facilitate the capture of undefined exception information;
4. Customize an exception class to catch exceptions for your project or business;
5. The object information of the exception is supplemented into the uniform result enumeration;

Customize the global exception class

@Data
public class CMSException extends RuntimeException {
    private Integer code;

    public CMSException(Integer code, String message) {
        super(message);
        this.code = code;
    }

    public CMSException(ResultCodeEnum resultCodeEnum) {
        super(resultCodeEnum.getMessage());
        this.code = resultCodeEnum.getCode();
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "CMSException{" + "code=" + code + ", message=" + this.getMessage() + '}';
    }
}
           

Unified exception handler

// ...
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {

    /**-------- 通用异常处理方法 --------**/
    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    @ResponseBody
    public R error(Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        return R.error(); // 通用异常结果
    }

    /**-------- 指定异常处理方法 --------**/
    @ExceptionHandler(NullPointerException.class)
    @ResponseBody
    public R error(NullPointerException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        return R.setResult(ResultCodeEnum.NULL_POINT);
    }

    @ExceptionHandler(HttpClientErrorException.class)
    @ResponseBody
    public R error(IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        return R.setResult(ResultCodeEnum.HTTP_CLIENT_ERROR);
    }
    
    /**-------- 自定义定异常处理方法 --------**/
    @ExceptionHandler(CMSException.class)
    @ResponseBody
    public R error(CMSException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        return R.error().message(e.getMessage()).code(e.getCode());
    }
}
           

Control layer presentation

The following shows the result information returned when a null specified exception is encountered

{
  "success": false,
  "code": 20007,
  "message": "空指针异常",
  "data": {}
}           

Unified log collection

Logs are the key to tracking down mislocation issues, especially in production environments, where hot deployments need to be fixed in a timely manner and developer debug environments are not provided, at which point logs will be the quickest key to solving problems

The framework of logging is relatively rich, and due to the integration of spring boot to logback, it is recommended to use logback in projects.

Logback

disposition

The following is a direct post of configuration information, and the introduction of the information section direct reference notes

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- 日志级别从低到高分为TRACE < DEBUG < INFO < WARN < ERROR < FATAL，如果设置为WARN，则低于WARN的信息都不会输出 -->
<!-- scan:当此属性设置为true时，配置文档如果发生改变，将会被重新加载，默认值为true -->
<!-- scanPeriod:设置监测配置文档是否有修改的时间间隔，如果没有给出时间单位，默认单位是毫秒。
                 当scan为true时，此属性生效。默认的时间间隔为1分钟。 -->
<!-- debug:当此属性设置为true时，将打印出logback内部日志信息，实时查看logback运行状态。默认值为false。 -->
<configuration  scan="true" scanPeriod="10 seconds">
    <contextName>logback</contextName>

    <!-- name的值是变量的名称，value的值时变量定义的值。通过定义的值会被插入到logger上下文中。定义后，可以使“${}”来使用变量。 -->
    <property name="log.path" value="D:/Documents/logs/edu" />

    <!--0. 日志格式和颜色渲染 -->
    <!-- 彩色日志依赖的渲染类 -->
    <conversionRule conversionWord="clr" converterClass="org.springframework.boot.logging.logback.ColorConverter" />
    <conversionRule conversionWord="wex" converterClass="org.springframework.boot.logging.logback.WhitespaceThrowableProxyConverter" />
    <conversionRule conversionWord="wEx" converterClass="org.springframework.boot.logging.logback.ExtendedWhitespaceThrowableProxyConverter" />
    <!-- 彩色日志格式 -->
    <property name="CONSOLE_LOG_PATTERN" value="${CONSOLE_LOG_PATTERN:-%clr(%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS}){faint} %clr(${LOG_LEVEL_PATTERN:-%5p}) %clr(${PID:- }){magenta} %clr(---){faint} %clr([%15.15t]){faint} %clr(%-40.40logger{39}){cyan} %clr(:){faint} %m%n${LOG_EXCEPTION_CONVERSION_WORD:-%wEx}}"/>

    <!--1. 输出到控制台-->
    <appender name="CONSOLE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <!--此日志appender是为开发使用，只配置最底级别，控制台输出的日志级别是大于或等于此级别的日志信息-->
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter">
            <level>debug</level>
        </filter>
        <encoder>
            <Pattern>${CONSOLE_LOG_PATTERN}</Pattern>
            <!-- 设置字符集 -->
            <charset>UTF-8</charset>
        </encoder>
    </appender>

    <!--2. 输出到文档-->
    <!-- 2.1 level为 DEBUG 日志，时间滚动输出  -->
    <appender name="DEBUG_FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <!-- 正在记录的日志文档的路径及文档名 -->
        <file>${log.path}/edu_debug.log</file>
        <!--日志文档输出格式-->
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n</pattern>
            <charset>UTF-8</charset> <!-- 设置字符集 -->
        </encoder>
        <!-- 日志记录器的滚动策略，按日期，按大小记录 -->
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <!-- 日志归档 -->
            <fileNamePattern>${log.path}/web-debug-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log</fileNamePattern>
            <timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">
                <maxFileSize>100MB</maxFileSize>
            </timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>
            <!--日志文档保留天数-->
            <maxHistory>15</maxHistory>
        </rollingPolicy>
        <!-- 此日志文档只记录debug级别的 -->
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
            <level>debug</level>
            <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
            <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
        </filter>
    </appender>

    <!-- 2.2 level为 INFO 日志，时间滚动输出  -->
    <appender name="INFO_FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <!-- 正在记录的日志文档的路径及文档名 -->
        <file>${log.path}/edu_info.log</file>
        <!--日志文档输出格式-->
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n</pattern>
            <charset>UTF-8</charset>
        </encoder>
        <!-- 日志记录器的滚动策略，按日期，按大小记录 -->
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <!-- 每天日志归档路径以及格式 -->
            <fileNamePattern>${log.path}/web-info-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log</fileNamePattern>
            <timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">
                <maxFileSize>100MB</maxFileSize>
            </timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>
            <!--日志文档保留天数-->
            <maxHistory>15</maxHistory>
        </rollingPolicy>
        <!-- 此日志文档只记录info级别的 -->
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
            <level>info</level>
            <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
            <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
        </filter>
    </appender>

    <!-- 2.3 level为 WARN 日志，时间滚动输出  -->
    <appender name="WARN_FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <!-- 正在记录的日志文档的路径及文档名 -->
        <file>${log.path}/edu_warn.log</file>
        <!--日志文档输出格式-->
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n</pattern>
            <charset>UTF-8</charset> <!-- 此处设置字符集 -->
        </encoder>
        <!-- 日志记录器的滚动策略，按日期，按大小记录 -->
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <fileNamePattern>${log.path}/web-warn-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log</fileNamePattern>
            <timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">
                <maxFileSize>100MB</maxFileSize>
            </timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>
            <!--日志文档保留天数-->
            <maxHistory>15</maxHistory>
        </rollingPolicy>
        <!-- 此日志文档只记录warn级别的 -->
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
            <level>warn</level>
            <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
            <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
        </filter>
    </appender>

    <!-- 2.4 level为 ERROR 日志，时间滚动输出  -->
    <appender name="ERROR_FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <!-- 正在记录的日志文档的路径及文档名 -->
        <file>${log.path}/edu_error.log</file>
        <!--日志文档输出格式-->
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n</pattern>
            <charset>UTF-8</charset> <!-- 此处设置字符集 -->
        </encoder>
        <!-- 日志记录器的滚动策略，按日期，按大小记录 -->
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <fileNamePattern>${log.path}/web-error-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log</fileNamePattern>
            <timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">
                <maxFileSize>100MB</maxFileSize>
            </timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>
            <!--日志文档保留天数-->
            <maxHistory>15</maxHistory>
        </rollingPolicy>
        <!-- 此日志文档只记录ERROR级别的 -->
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
            <level>ERROR</level>
            <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
            <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
        </filter>
    </appender>

    <!--
        <logger>用来设置某一个包或者具体的某一个类的日志打印级别、
        以及指定<appender>。<logger>仅有一个name属性，
        一个可选的level和一个可选的addtivity属性。
        name:用来指定受此logger约束的某一个包或者具体的某一个类。
        level:用来设置打印级别，大小写无关：TRACE, DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR, ALL 和 OFF，
              还有一个特俗值INHERITED或者同义词NULL，代表强制执行上级的级别。
              如果未设置此属性，那么当前logger将会继承上级的级别。
        addtivity:是否向上级logger传递打印信息。默认是true。
        <logger name="org.springframework.web" level="info"/>
        <logger name="org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" level="INFO"/>
    -->

    <!--
        使用mybatis的时候，sql语句是debug下才会打印，而这里我们只配置了info，所以想要查看sql语句的话，有以下两种操作：
        第一种把<root level="info">改成<root level="DEBUG">这样就会打印sql，不过这样日志那边会出现很多其他消息
        第二种就是单独给dao下目录配置debug模式，代码如下，这样配置sql语句会打印，其他还是正常info级别：
        【logging.level.org.mybatis=debug logging.level.dao=debug】
     -->

    <!--
        root节点是必选节点，用来指定最基础的日志输出级别，只有一个level属性
        level:用来设置打印级别，大小写无关：TRACE, DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR, ALL 和 OFF，
        不能设置为INHERITED或者同义词NULL。默认是DEBUG
        可以包含零个或多个元素，标识这个appender将会添加到这个logger。
    -->

    <!-- 4. 最终的策略 -->
    <!-- 4.1 开发环境:打印控制台-->
    <springProfile name="dev">
        <logger name="com.cms" level="info"/>
        <root level="info">
            <appender-ref ref="CONSOLE" />
            <appender-ref ref="DEBUG_FILE" />
            <appender-ref ref="INFO_FILE" />
            <appender-ref ref="WARN_FILE" />
            <appender-ref ref="ERROR_FILE" />
        </root>
    </springProfile>


    <!-- 4.2 生产环境:输出到文档-->
    <springProfile name="pro">
        <logger name="com.cms" level="warn"/>
        <root level="info">
            <appender-ref ref="ERROR_FILE" />
            <appender-ref ref="WARN_FILE" />
        </root>
    </springProfile>

</configuration>
           

Logs collect exception information

Log information is often accompanied by the output of exception information, so we need to modify the unified exception handler to write exception information to the log file as a stream

• Exception Information File tool class

@Slf4j
public class ExceptionUtil {

    /**
     * 打印异常信息
     */
    public static String getMessage(Exception e) {
        String swStr = null;
        try (StringWriter sw = new StringWriter(); PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(sw)) {
            e.printStackTrace(pw);
            pw.flush();
            sw.flush();
            swStr = sw.toString();
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
            log.error(ex.getMessage());
        }
        return swStr;
    }
}
           

• Modify the Unified Exception Handler to change direct printing in the exception method to log input and print

// ...
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

@ControllerAdvice
@Slf4j
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {

    /**-------- 通用异常处理方法 --------**/
    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    @ResponseBody
    public R error(Exception e) {
        // e.printStackTrace();
        log.error(ExceptionUtil.getMessage(e));
        return R.error();
    }
    
   // ...
}   
           

note

1. The logging environment is spring.profiles.acticve, which follows the project startup;
2. After startup, you can find the generated log file in the custom directory;
3. When debugging locally, it is recommended that the Grep Console plug-in can realize the custom color output of the console