He was always an enthusiastic journalist, presided over the "Ta Kung Pao" for 15 years, wrote more than a thousand articles, and wrote a thousand articles throughout his life, casting the living history of that era. He advocated that "journalists should save the big self and forget the small self; Only when we forget our small ego can we not seek vanity, and we can only uphold justice without avoiding the powerful. Mao Zedong commented that he "persisted in unity in the War of Resistance and contributed to the country", Zhou Enlai praised him as "a giant in the literary world and a master of the press", and Chiang Kai-shek called him "a generation of theory sect". As a newspaperman, I am afraid that no one in the history of modern Chinese journalism has achieved such a reputation — he is Zhang Jiluan, one of the founders of the new "Ta Kung Pao".
Born in 1888, Zhang Jiluan is a native of Yulin, Shaanxi. Since childhood, he was familiar with reading poetry and scriptures, and in his youth, he took on the responsibility of Dongying, during which he wrote some Tokyo correspondence, which was published in the "Mingu Daily" founded by Youren and Song Jiaoren, and has since formed an indissoluble relationship with journalism.
In January 1912, on the recommendation of his right-hand man, Zhang Jiluan was appointed as the secretary of the Presidential Office of Sun Yat-sen, the provisional president of Nanjing, and participated in the drafting of important documents such as the Declaration of the Inauguration of the Provisional President.
In 1926, he co-founded the Xinji Company with Wu Dingchang and Hu Zhengzhi to take over the Ta Kung Pao. On September 1 of that year, the Ta Kung Pao resumed publication, feeling that "the doom of the press is extremely bad today!" Zhang Jiluan published "The Aspirations of the Same People of the Society" and put forward the "four noes" policy of running a newspaper: no party, no sale, no selfishness, and no blindness.
Wrote the "Three Curses" and the Shame Teaching War
Zhang Jiluan is elegant in appearance and fierce in heart, and regards good and evil as ice charcoal. Because of its long-term in-depth study of the national economy and the people's livelihood, it has its own strategy in its chest, and it is often to the point of the times, sweeping away the doubts of the crowd, and clarifying the current situation.
At that time, one of the word-of-mouth and influence of the new "Ta Kung Pao" was that its remarks were brave and pungent and insightful, saying that others did not dare to speak, and that others could not speak. Among them, quite famous is the Grand Duke's "three scoldings": one scolded Wu Peifu for "having strength but no knowledge"; The second scolded Wang Jingwei's desire for leadership; Three scolded Chiang Kai-shek for not learning anything.
This famous Grand Duke's "three scoldings" are all from Zhang Jiluan's pen, the article is longitudinal, logical, and outstanding, which can be described as flowing and flowing.
In 1931, the "918" incident, the northeast fell. On the third day after the incident, Zhang Jiluan and Hu Zhengzhi held an editorial meeting that had never been held, at which Zhang Jiluan solemnly pointed out: The country is already facing a critical juncture, and newspapers should solemnly assume their responsibilities in the future. He announced two decisions, one for "shame" and one for "teaching war." That is, as soon as possible, a column will be opened to record the major events from the signing of the "Sino-Japanese Reconciliation Regulations" in 1871 to the "September 18" incident in 1931, to help readers understand the history of humiliation against Japan since the First Sino-Japanese War, the column name is set as "China and Japan in the Past Sixty Years", and Wang Yunsheng is designated as the special director of this matter. After the article was compiled into a book, the response was strong, and Wang Yunsheng became famous in one fell swoop.
On December 12, 1936, the "Xi'an Incident" that shocked domestic and foreign countries broke out. Zhang Jiluan immediately wrote a book and successively published editorials in the Ta Kung Pao, such as "The Aftermath of the Xi'an Incident" and "On the Xi'an Incident Again," and put forward the strategy of "resolving the current situation and avoiding disintegration" from a lofty height. The patriotic feelings of fist and fist and the great righteousness of the nation jumped on the paper.
The Xi'an Incident was a long-winded affair
On December 18, 1936, the Ta Kung Pao published An Open Letter to the Xi'an Military Circles written by Zhang Jiluan, which called for "sincere unity and unanimous support for China."
At that time, the Nanjing government printed hundreds of thousands of copies of the "Ta Kung Pao" on the 18th and used a special plane to airdrop to downtown Xi'an. Most of the citizens of Xi'an and the generals of the Northeast Army saw Zhang Jiluan's "open letter", which is also a spectacle in the history of Chinese newspapers.
The article was written in a reasonable and thorough manner, and many generals of the Northeast Army were deeply touched after reading it, and the psychology of Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng also immediately changed dramatically.
On December 25, 1936, Zhang Xueliang personally accompanied Chiang Kai-shek to leave Xi'an by plane. The next day, Chiang Kai-shek arrived in Nanjing, and the Xi'an Incident was resolved peacefully.
In 1988, Zhang Jiluan's son Zhang Shiji was invited to Taiwan to attend the centenary of his father's birth, and found that after 52 years, Zhang Xueliang could recite the "Open Letter to the Xi'an Military Circles" word for word. The profound influence of the article on him and the great contribution to the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident can be seen.
During Zhang Jiluan's presidency, the spread and influence of the Ta Kung Pao continued to expand. In May 1941, the Ta Kung Pao was awarded the Missouri Medal of Honor by the School of Journalism of the University of Missouri. Recognized as one of the most prestigious international awards in journalism, the medal has won this worldwide award, and chinese newspapers are the only ones, and only once.
Changyan is renowned internationally
In its acceptance speech, the Missouri School of Journalism said: "The Ta Kung Pao has always been rich and concise in its coverage of domestic and international news, and its brave and sharp editorial has a great influence on domestic public opinion." The history of the struggle of the "Ta Kung Pao" since its inception has been brilliant in the history of Chinese journalism, and there are no stubborn people so far. ”
At that time, a number of political leaders and generals and local news organizations sent congratulatory letters and telegrams to the Ta Kung Pao, praising the newspaper for its far-reaching words and promoting our country. Zhang Jiluan published comments such as "Shame on Honor" and "Thanks and Encouragement", saying that "today's Chinese public opinion circles are valued by friends because we can promote justice and resist strong beams."
This honor belongs to the whole of China's public opinion circles, especially to the loyal and good military and civilian circles of the whole country," and also said, "Now our country is engaged in a great war of life and death, and only by winning the final victory is the true honor of the country and the nation." In addition, all the fame in the process is vanity. Our fellow people are really ashamed of this honor, and they are willing to work harder for this shame!"
Strive to run a newspaper for the welfare of the whole people
Zhang Jiluan asked the newspaper's colleagues to work hard to run the newspaper for the welfare of the whole people. The picture shows a picture taken by the Ta Kung Pao war correspondent Fang Da on the front line of the War of Resistance in 1936. (Ta Kung Pao)
Zhang Jiluan has been cultivating the newspaper industry all his life and is also proud of his status as a newspaperman. He once said, "We often have a kind of consciousness, that is, to be a perfect journalist, we must start from being a person, the personality of the individual is not lost, the integrity is flawless, and then we have a perfect journalist foundation." ”
He advocated that "journalists should save the big self and forget the small self; Only when we forget our small ego can we not seek vanity, and we can only uphold justice without avoiding the powerful. At the same time, he also asked the Ta Kung Pao reporters to strive not to seek power, not to seek wealth, not to seek fame, not to be emotional, not to mix private thoughts, and to work hard for the common welfare of all mankind and the welfare of the whole people in their country.
At his initiative, the Ta Kung Pao at the time published all kinds of news and commentary, except for long-form newsletters, without the author's name. He never left a manuscript when he wrote his own articles, often laughing at himself, saying that the articles we wrote were still read in the morning, and they were taken to wrap peanuts and rice in the afternoon.
That being said, he has always been very rigorous in writing articles, and he is particularly "calculating" in the wording of press releases. He insisted that the intention of writing an article should not be out of the ordinary, and the text should be carefully considered and properly posted, and there should be no loopholes. Hu Zhengzhi once said that he "often revises the title word for word when editing, wandering around the room for half an hour, and important editorials, whether he wrote it or i wrote it, must be repeatedly reviewed, word for word." If an important news is a typo, he can sigh and be unhappy all the time."
In 1944, more than three years after the death of Mr. Zhang Jiluan, the Ta Kung Pao Museum published his first and only work, Ji Luan Wencun. Hu Zhengzhi wrote in the preface, "If the chinese people read Ji Luan's text, if they can recognize his usual deep affection for the country when he is worried, and then understand the intention of his lover Ji Shi, then his text will not be passed on, and although Ji Luan will not die!"
Missouri Medal of Honor The Ta Kung Pao received the award
On May 15, 1941, the "Ta Kung Pao", which was persistently published under the japanese bombing of the mountain city of Chongqing, was awarded the "Medal of Honor for Outstanding Contribution to Journalism" issued by the School of Journalism of the University of Missouri in the United States. The China Press Society and the Chongqing press held a grand celebration for the Ta Kung Pao. So far, only one Of the Chinese newspapers has won this award, the Ta Kung Pao.
The award speech of the School of Journalism of the University of Missouri said: "The newspaper can continue to publish in the bomb shelter, although it has been suspended for several days for a long time, it has a very strong spirit and determination, and it can maintain its most respected and enlightening position among Chinese newspapers and the most refined editor in spite of the continuous bombardment of enemy aircraft." The history of ta kung pao's struggle since its inception has shined in the history of Chinese journalism, and there is no one who can be humiliated. ”
Shake the goose feather fan and be a guest everywhere
In the Spring Festival of 1939, Hu Zhengzhi (fourth from the left in the second row) and Zhang Jiluan (fifth from the left in the second row) took a group photo with the Hong Kong Pavilion. (Ta Kung Pao)
Since Zhang Jiluan presided over the writing and administration of the new "Ta Kung Pao" in 1926, in the past 15 years, he has been full of vigor, galloping the newspaper scene, pointing out the country and the mountains, stirring up the text, unanimously admiring the government and the public, and his reputation has spread overseas. Its influence is so great and its reputation is so high that it is not only rare in China, but also rare among European and American newsmen.
He is easy-going, warm and talkative, and where he is, he will surely welcome and send off, and the guests will continue. In the early days of the Republic of China, he and Lin Boqu both served as secretaries to Dr. Sun Yat-sen. In the autumn of 1936, he went to Xi'an to live temporarily, met with Lin, and met with old friends, which was particularly warm. Although Zhang has been ill for a long time, he talks with Lin all night and is tireless. The friendship between the two fully proves that friends who "have differences and consensus" are still good friends.
It can be said that his friends, from the self-proclaimed Gong Juqing, down to the pawns of the traffickers. Mao Zedong said he "shook the goose feather fan and sat everywhere as a guest." This method of observing the situation with eyes and ears and ears should be learned by the editor-in-chief. And Zhou Enlai also said, "To be the editor-in-chief, you must be like Zhang Jiluan, with the spirit of being good and wandering, such as a dragon leaping over the tiger, and being able to maneuver with ease." ”
On September 6, 1941, Zhang Jiluan fell seriously ill and died. The leaders of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zhugong, mourned in unison, and Chiang Kai-shek and Zhou Enlai personally attended the public sacrifice and sent a message of redemption.
Literary giant, the grandmaster of the newspaper world
Mao Zedong said in a condolence telegram: "Mr. Ji Luan has persisted in uniting in the War of Resistance in successive political meetings and has contributed to the country." Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao sent a telegram of condolences, "Mr. Ji Luan, a giant in the literary world, the grandmaster of the press." The loyalty of the country and the reach of the word are especially the style of Shilin."
Zhang Jiluan died in the difficulty of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and his dying will was touching. "May the people of our company, when they feel the hardships of pain, the greatness of their responsibilities, this policy, unanimous efforts, and do their best; It is especially advisable to pay attention to health at any time and strive for the country with a positive spirit."
It can be seen that when he passed away, he was still grateful for the nationality, the great cause of the War of Resistance and the Ta Kung Pao. The Ta Kung Pao editorial commented, "This newspaper is a disaster that collapses the sky, and it is also a huge loss in the country. ”
Source: Ta Kung Pao