First, the overview of the longan industry
Longan is native to the southern and southwestern parts of the mainland, alias guiyuan, round eye, puzzle, etc., is a genus of the subfamily Longan, Tropical Evergreen Trees in South Asia, often more than 10 meters high, like high temperature and humidity. Temperature is the main factor affecting its growth and results, generally where the average annual temperature exceeds 20 ° C, it can make the longan grow and develop well. Longan is highly adaptable to soil, drought-tolerant, acid-tolerant and barren, as long as the soil surface is deep and well-drained, almost all kinds of soils can adapt. When selecting soil for cultivation, sandy loam soil is the best, followed by sandy red soil and clay.
Since the founding of New China, the mainland longan industry has developed rapidly, according to the national lychee longan industry system, in recent years, the national longan planting area has stabilized at 4.5 million mu, with an annual output of nearly 2 million tons.
Figure 1: Overview of longan uses
(Data source: network collection and collation, drafting: Yunguo industry brain)
Longan is a famous longevity fruit tree, which has the characteristics of long economic life and high economic benefits. The longan canopy is thriving and can be planted as a landscape forest or shelter forest species; The body of the tree is strong and durable, and can be used as a high-quality material for furniture, shipbuilding and carving; Leaf buds and false seed coats can be used in medicine; There are many flowers and long flowering periods, which is an excellent source of honey; The core starch content is high and can be made into wine.
Longan is a high-quality fruit homologous to medicine and food, and the pulp contains a variety of vitamins, minerals and fructose and other nutrients that are beneficial to the human body. Longan fresh fruit flesh is tender, crystal color, appetizing spleen, tonic and calming effect. It can be eaten fresh, canned, dried or processed into longan paste.
The mainland is the earliest country in the world to cultivate longan economically, and it is also the country with the widest cultivation area and the largest yield of longan in the world. Mainland longan was first cultivated in the Lingnan region, and Sichuan and Fujian were slightly later. At present, the cultivation of longan in the mainland is mainly concentrated in Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces. After the 19th century, longan gradually spread to some subtropical regions of Europe, the Americas and Oceania. At present, the main production countries and regions of longan in the world are China, Thailand, India, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Madagascar, Mauritius and so on.
Second, the production status of longan industry
Production scale
Global: At present, longan is still a small fruit in the world, and the main production areas of longan are mainly concentrated in China and Southeast Asian countries. Among them, the mainland is the world's longan cultivation area is the most extensive, the largest yield of the country, China's longan production area accounted for about 59% of the world, Thailand accounted for about 23%, Vietnam accounted for about 17%, other regions accounted for about 1%.
China: In recent years, the production of longan in the mainland has shown a fluctuating upward trend, and in 2019, the national longan planting area was 4.197 million mu, and the output was 1.772 million tons. From the perspective of planting area, among the main tropical fruits in 2019, the planting area of longan is lower than that of lychee, banana and mango, and higher than that of grapefruit, pineapple, passionflower, dragon fruit, guava, yellow peel fruit, star fruit and rambutan.
Distribution in production areas
According to the data of the Forestry and Grassland Statistical Yearbook, in 2018, the national longan output was 1.8293 million tons, mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hainan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Guizhou and Shaanxi. Wide of them
Guangdong: Guangdong is located in the East Asian monsoon region, from north to south the climate type is Central Subtropical, South Asian Tropical and Tropical Climate, is one of the most abundant areas of light, heat and water resources in China. The superior climatic conditions make Guangdong the province with the largest longan production in the mainland, with a planting area of 1.8723 million mu in Guangdong in 2022 and an estimated output of 886,700 tons.
Guangxi: Guangxi is one of the origins of longan, and longan has a long history of cultivation. In 2018, the planting area of longan in Guangxi exceeded that of Guangdong (1.7102 million mu), reaching 1.74 million mu, accounting for 40.2% of the national longan planting area.
Fujian: Fujian longan has a long history of cultivation and is rich in germplasm resources. The planting area of Fujian Longan decreased from 1,036,700 mu in 2011 to 958,400 mu in 2015, a decrease of 78,300 mu, a decrease of about 7.56%. Between 2016 and 2020, the fluctuation decreased from 464,800 mu in 2016 to 452,000 mu in 2020, a decrease of 12,800 mu, a decrease of about 2.75%.
Hainan: Hainan is located in the south of the Tropic of Cancer, the sun shines for a long time, and the average annual temperature in most areas is between 22.5 °C and 25.6 °C, which is suitable for the growth and development of longan. From the perspective of planting area, from 2011 to 2020, the planting area of Longan in Hainan will remain between 100,000 and 115,000 mu.
Sichuan: In recent years, the scale of longan planting in Sichuan has expanded year by year, and the planting area in 2018 has reached 350,000 mu, an increase of 56.9% over 2017.
Chongqing: According to the China Forestry and Grassland Statistical Yearbook data, in 2018, Chongqing's longan production was 26,800 tons, compared with 0.35 million tons in 2009, an increase of 23,300 tons, an increase of about 665.71%, and an average annual compound growth rate of about 25.38%.
Yunnan: The ripening period of Yunnan special early maturing and extra late ripening longan has obvious advantages, and the planting area of Yunnan longan has no typhoon impact, far from the city, and no pollution. In recent years, the output of longan in Yunnan has increased from 11,300 tons in 2009 to 13,700 tons in 2018, and the output has increased by 0.24 million tons, an increase of about 21.24%, with an average annual compound growth rate of about 2.16%.
Guizhou: In 2018, the output of longan in Guizhou Province was 0.08 million tons (798 tons), which was 57 times that of 2009 (14 tons), and the output increased by 0.08 million tons (784 tons), with an average annual compound growth rate of 56.71%.
Shaanxi: Southern Shaanxi belongs to the northern subtropical monsoon climate, which is very suitable for the large-scale production of longan fresh food species, and the longan fruit produced is thick flesh, small core, excellent quality, high and rich in nutrients. According to data from the China Forestry and Grassland Statistical Yearbook, in 2018, the longan production in Shaanxi Province was 0.02 million tons, which was the first year in recent years to be included in the statistics.
Introduction to common longan varieties
With the development of the longan industry in mainland China, the regionalization pattern of varieties has become increasingly obvious, and the varieties in Hainan, Western Guangdong and Guinan have matured relatively early; Longan in the central, western Guizhou, central Guangdong, eastern Guangdong and southern Fujian regions is dominated by "medium and late ripening" varieties; Longan in central Fujian, eastern Fujian and Luzhou, Sichuan is dominated by "late-ripening" varieties.
Shijiao Longan: Now widely cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi and other places, mature in early to mid-August, belongs to the early maturing varieties.
Chuliang Longan: Chuliang Longan is the only variety that can compete with the longan imported from Thailand in the fruit market of large and medium-sized cities along the coast of Guangdong in recent years.
Wuyuan Longan: Originated in Rong County, Yulin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, it is mainly mature and listed around August.
Grass-paved longan: The fruit ripening period is concentrated in late August to late September, which is a medium-late-ripening species with a long harvest period, which can be harvested on the tree until around the Mid-Autumn Festival, and still does not affect its fresh food quality.
East Yong Longan: East Yong Longan is native to Wuchuan City, Guangdong Province, generally after entering July, the East Yong Longan began to mature and list, with early fruit, abundant yield, stable yield, large fruit quality characteristics.
Gushan No. 2: Gushan No. 2 Longan mother tree originates from Gushan, Beiyang Village, Yunlu Town, Jiedong District, Jieyang City, Guangdong Province, and matures mainly in early August, and is an early-ripening high-quality fresh food species.
Third, the consumption status of the longan industry
Overview of domestic consumption
The global consumer market for fresh longan and its processed products is relatively concentrated in Asian countries and regions, of which China is the country with the largest consumption of longan in the world. In 2017, the consumption of longan in the mainland exceeded 2.2 million tons, and the consumption of longan was mainly fresh food, accounting for about 80% of the total consumption; Processed products are often used as gift-giving products, and there are many types of products, mainly dried longan, longan meat, canned longan, longan fruit wine, etc.
Overview of import and export trade
Trend in recent years: the mainland's domestic longan production can not fully meet the consumption demand, and some consumption is supplemented by imports.
Trading partners: Thailand and Vietnam are the world's major exporters of longan and the most important source of longan imports on the mainland.
Import and export mainly participate in the provinces: From the perspective of import participation provinces, in 2021, the top three provinces in the mainland's longan import volume are Chongqing, Guangdong Province and Zhejiang Province, and the import volume is 141,800 tons, 137,400 tons and 124,700 tons.
Processing consumption
Processing technology research: Since 1970, the research on the processing technology of longan fruit in mainland China has mainly focused on canned sugar water longan, longan meat and dried longan with shell. In recent years, the extraction of longan functional components and functional evaluation have become hot topics.
Overview of processing consumption: In the past five years, the annual processing volume of fresh longan in the mainland is about 300,000 to 400,000 tons, accounting for 20% to 25% of the total output. 30% to 35% of Vietnamese longan is used for processing, and the proportion of thai longan processing is higher, reaching 60% to 70%, compared with Vietnam and Thailand, the proportion of mainland longan processing is lower.
Fourth, the development trend of longan industry
On May 29, 2022, the new China Litchi Longan Industry Conference was held in Maoming, with the theme of "Putting 'Eyes' to the World, Leading the Whole Chain to 'Li' to Open a New Bureau", implementing the requirements of playing the "four cards" and leading the green, high-quality and efficient development of the national Lychee Longan industry. The conference will expand from the lychee industry to the longan industry, promote the co-construction and sharing of industrial resources, and will effectively promote the mutual integration and win-win development of the two tropical fruits with Chinese characteristics, lychee and longan.
On the one hand, the mainland longan industry maintains a high trade deficit all year round, the domestic consumer market demand is still relatively strong, and with the further improvement of the level of processing technology, the longan processing consumption will be further expanded, and there is a large room for expansion in the longan consumer market. On the other hand, the development of the longan industry can effectively help farmers increase their income and become rich, and boost rural revitalization. The scale of the mainland longan industry will be further improved, the industrial chain will continue to grow, and more consumers will be harvested while driving the income growth of more fruit farmers.
With the expansion of industrial scale, large-scale planting and new farmers' cooperatives will continue to emerge, and the longan industry will usher in a new node of quality improvement and efficiency improvement and transformation and upgrading. The production of longan in the mainland will be transformed into a large-scale and intensive way, and through the establishment of a green and low-carbon cycle of the longan industry system, give full play to the green, healthy, ecological and environmental protection of the longan industry' characteristic industrial advantages; At the same time, excavate the cultural advantages of Longan and further enhance the social influence of Longan; Fully mobilize the participation of the whole people, promote the integration of longan planting, processing and service industries, lead the whole chain, and promote the high-quality development of the longan industry.
With the development of preservation technology and international transportation network, the market has further expanded its opening up, effectively realized internal and external connectivity, shared factor resources, stimulated market vitality, and expanded international trade will become an important force in responding to the epidemic and reviving the economy. Fully promoting the longan industry to the world and enhancing the international influence and competitiveness of longan is the only way for the further development of the longan industry.
Little Bee said
This article is part of the original content of the report, the original report is based on the yunlongan production, import and export, price and other data accumulated by the Yunguo industry brain in the operation process, from the perspective of production, consumption, cost and income of the mainland longan industry, etc., to provide reference for the main body engaged in scientific research, cultivation, processing, warehousing, packaging, transportation, sales and other activities of the longan industry and social service institutions.