Who is Ma Piyao?
A "model of a hundred officials" in the late Qing Dynasty, a historical figure who still has many legends in the land of Hedong.
Some people say that it is difficult to be an official, and it is even more difficult to be a big official and a good official; others say that it is easy to adopt a son, it is difficult to teach a son, and it is even more difficult to raise a noble family than to ascend to heaven! However, look at our protagonist Ma Piyao: the left hand is an official, and one door is a double soldier; the right hand holder, three generations out of the five Junjie, really red through the late Qing Dynasty, the fire spread all over the country.
However, how did this an anyang man in Henan Province, who successfully counterattacked in the ordinary world as a grassroots identity and went from the far side of the rivers and lakes step by step to the temple, set out to trek thousands of miles, how did he travel thousands of miles without asking about the return date, and combine the official and the housekeeper into one, achieve the ultimate, and achieve a win-win situation?
Let's see the path he's taken, the wind that blows.
Pinglu came out of a "Ma Qingtian"
Ma Piyao started very low, enrolled very late, and only entered the army at the age of 32, and the first "dispatch card" of "graduating from university" was distributed to Shanxi with "Zhixian Ready-to-Use" and went to Yuncheng Pinglu to serve as an alternate Zhixian and "preside over the overall work".
At that time, bandits in the mountainous areas were rampant, the people's resentment was boiling, and the former Zhixian jumped up and down, seeking a hundred tricks, which just gave Ma Piyao, who had just entered the career, an opportunity to become a "takeover man". As soon as Ma Piyao took office, he immediately began a comprehensive investigation and investigation, traveled all over the villages and villages of Pinglu, and the mountain walls and ditches, and learned in time about the "three fears" problem that the local people were most troubled: First, they were afraid that the harsh taxes and taxes were as fierce as tigers; second, they were afraid that bandits would run rampant and fight evil wolves; and third, they were afraid of being bullied and complaining about hitting the board. Therefore, Ma Piyao thought of what the people thought and was anxious about what the people were anxious about, and not only exempted the local people from all the harsh taxes and miscellaneous taxes, but also abolished the stereotypical and bad habit of "playing the board" above the public court. And hung a long link in the lobby that reads, "Don't love money, don't be affectionate, I'm empty here; by the law of the land, by heavenly reason, why do you have to bend and bend" shows a fair and strict attitude. For a moment, the people were excited and rushed to tell each other: "We have come to Pinglu a 'three no-county official' who does not love money, does not accept gifts, and does not play the board." Therefore, no matter who has a parent's short, big and small feelings, they are willing to come to Mazhi County to talk about it.
Relying on the trust and support of the people, Ma Piyao quickly found out the details and evidence of the accumulated robbery after an overt inspection and secret visit. Therefore, meticulous arrangements were made to rehabilitate unjust prisons, arrest bandits, straighten out the administration of officials, and show compassion for the people. In less than three years, the three harms of Pinglu were all eliminated, the people clapped their hands and applauded, and the name of "Ma Qingtian" went from the Pinglu Sage stream.
Yongji came out of a "poor county"
Soon, Ma Piyao was promoted to the main hall of Yongji County (now Yongji City) because of his outstanding political achievements. Soon after arriving in Yongji, a difficult problem was put in front of us, from the Qing Kangqian period to the end of the Qing Dynasty, the people along the Yellow River between Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces were constantly in conflict over the beach land, and the people along the Yellow River fought endlessly for this, causing bloodshed many times. In order to solve this problem, the imperial court once issued an edict requiring Hedongdao to work with Yongji, Chaoyi, and Huayin counties to demarcate the boundaries, but for many years it was always unresolved. In the seventh year of Tongzhi (1868), Ma Piyao personally went to Liangtun Beach to handle the case, and after more than three months of measuring and surveying the boundaries, coordinating the division, and resolving the disputes left over from many years in one fell swoop, he was praised by the people of the two places.
On the basis of diligent administration for the people, Ma Piyao did not forget to teach his sons and educate people, especially when Yongji was engaged in politics, after many visits, with the sincerity of "three requests to Zhuge Ge", he invited Xue Renzhai of Shanxi Hongru, who was teaching in Hebei, back to Yongji and co-founded the "Jingshi Academy" with him. At that time, Xue Renzhai was not moved, but Ma Piyao was earnest in his words and repeatedly invited. Touched by his sincerity, Xue Renzhai agreed to return to Yongji to serve as the head of jingshi academy, and agreed with Ma Piyao to three chapters: to talk about the truth and not to talk about the eight strands; to intersect with morality and not to pay attention to official etiquette; and to take Hebei willing to go with his children. Since then, Shanxi Yongji Jingshi College has become famous. Ji Yu Qin Jin, Qun Xian Bi Zhi. At that time, Ma Piyao and Xue Renzhai also intersected with the famous scholars Zhao Yusan, Li Jianqiu, Yuan Tanzhai and others at that time. The five men frequently circulated letters, talked about Taoism, exchanged experiences, directly explained their gains and losses, supervised each other, criticized each other, and feared each other. At the same time, they also set aside their respective study rooms as introspection rooms. The original Tanzhai study was called "Tanzhai "Tanzhai", Xue Renzhai's study was called "Renzhai "Renzhai", Ma Piyao took the meaning of restraining himself at any time, and the study was named "Aboutzai". "The number of rafters in the house, the red light reading, the field is two acres, and the wild green is ploughing." However, if you can be diligent and thrifty, you can avoid Hu Yan Hu Geng. About to step back and think, don't win. Heartbroken, peach blossom garden listened to three sounds. Ma Piyao paid special attention to self-discipline and self-examination, and used the income from self-examination to govern the family. Every day, he took a certain amount of time to "judge himself alone" and warned himself to adhere to "sincerity" and "not to be secretive." In "Covenant", he synthesized the advice of his close friends, reflected on his past, and wrote the "Covenant", which had a far-reaching impact on himself and others, especially on his children.
Ma Piyao not only worked diligently for the officials and governed the family well, but also treated the people with great consideration. In addition to being responsible for the living expenses of the old father and other family members of five, he is also willing to help the people in need, coupled with the many consumption of the establishment of the academy, the Ma family often cannot make ends meet, and even less than the ordinary people's life. In the fourth year of Yongji, Father Ma suddenly fell ill and died. Ma Piyao immediately reported to leave his post and return home to worry. But at this time, he couldn't even get the money to buy a coffin and hire a car and horse to go home. The whole family was trapped, so much so that there was no rice to cook. After the Yongji people heard that "a penny stumped Mazhi County", the whole city shook. Therefore, the land of Pusaka, the true feelings flowed, the people's will was earnest, donated everywhere, and came to the aid of all sides, and staged a touching deed of "the people's relief of Mazhi County".
Xiezhou has come out of a "model of a hundred officials"
In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, just as the activities of the Western-style faction to "seek strength" and "seek wealth" were in full swing, a rare and exceptionally large disaster and famine sacked the land of China, especially in northern China. Zhili, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi and other provinces lasted for three years of severe drought, which not only made agricultural production harvests out of harvest and the countryside desolate, but also starved to death, white bones, and more than 10 million people died of starvation, known in history as "Ding Pengqi Famine", also known as "Jinyu Qihuang" and "Jinyu Great Famine". At that time, Xiezhou was not spared, and the people fell into a huge disaster. Faced with such a dilemma, the Governor of Shanxi urgently ordered Ma Piyao to also lead the prefecture and relieve the disaster and the people. Ma Piyao believed that filial piety to one's parents was a human duty, and it was the duty of an official to benefit the people of Li. After arriving in office, Ma Piyao was in a dilemma. On the one hand, the people of Xiezhou have starved to death countless times, and there is a good chance that they are dying, and they urgently need to open warehouses for disaster relief. However, due to the regulations of the Qing Dynasty, the yicang warehouse needed to get the emperor's royal approval to open the warehouse, but at that time, the information transmission was slow, not as convenient and fast as now, if you insist on following the process, there will be more victims who will be starved to death, if you open the warehouse without authorization, then you will be held responsible and dismissed or even killed. In the end, Ma Piyao weighed it up again and again, and decided to sacrifice his life for righteousness and open a warehouse to help the people, so the disaster situation in Xiezhou was alleviated and countless lives were saved. At the same time, on the one hand, they hastened to send people to other provinces to buy grain, to divide the masses into difficult levels, and to give rations; on the other hand, through in-depth and meticulous investigation, it was learned that the reason why the hungry people were in turmoil was because of the collusion between haoqiang and the government, and the land endowment was seriously uneven. Therefore, he thoroughly verified the land and acres, fundamentally solved the problem, and finally turned the situation in Xiezhou into safety, returned the displaced people, and rioted without suppression. In the following year, the whole territory of Xiezhou was harvested, and the grain was stored in the righteous warehouse, and began to provide external support to relieve the difficulties of several states in one fell swoop. When the Guangxu Emperor heard of Ma Piyao's political achievements, he was greatly moved, and not only did not punish Ma Piyao, but also personally gave the "Hundred Officials Model" plaque to show praise.
Although it is better to be an official, it is better than the family style
Through "Pinglu Chaos", "Yongji Zhihuang", "Xiezhou Disaster Relief", "Model of Hundred Officials" Ma Piyao became famous in the world, and later successively served as the prefect of Taiyuan in Shanxi, the envoy of Shanxi, the envoy of Guizhou, the envoy of Guangxi, and the inspector of Guangxi and Guangdong. Everywhere we went, we made every effort to eliminate the accumulated shortcomings and benefit the people. In 1895, Ma Piyao died of overwork and illness at the age of 65. Throughout Ma Piyao's life, although the road to success is infinite, but to discuss his life's contribution, it is still in the family governance, to create a remarkable famous family.
"The innocent family style does not stain the dust, and the frost qi bone jade spirit." "First-class loyal servant filial piety, two things to read and cultivate the field." It is Ma Piyao's core concept of being a person, handling affairs, and being an official, and it also pins on his ardent expectations for his children and clansmen. Under the influence of his father, Ma Piyao's children have made achievements in politics and business or farming. The eldest son, Ma Jisen, was an industrialist in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty, who actively founded factories and mines, and was loyal and patriotic throughout his life. In 1909, the Qing government decided to use the bidding method to develop the new coal mine in Liuhegou, in order not to let the development rights of the new coal mine fall into the hands of the British, Ma Jisen and his sister Ma Qingxia invested 1.8 million taels of silver, which thwarted the foreigners' plot in one fell swoop and greatly promoted the national prestige.
The second son, Ma Jizhang, was a scholar in the ninth year of Guangxu, and successively served as an editor of the Hanlin Academy and an envoy in Hubei Province, and was benevolent to the officials and the people, and vigorously advocated reform. After the Xinhai Revolution, Ma Jizhang served as the internal history of Yuan Shikai's presidential palace and the secretary of the presidential office of the Beiyang government. Although he was regarded as a close confidant, after Yuan Shikai became emperor, Ma Jizhang resigned immediately.
The youngest daughter, Ma Qingxia, actively sponsored revolutionary newspapers such as Henan and set up women's schools to encourage women to pursue progress. She also actively participated in and supported the Xinhai Revolution, and finally donated millions of family properties to the newly established Government of the Republic of China, known as "Southern Qiujin and Northern Qingxia".
To Ma Piyao's grandchildren, the family style of cultivating and reading heirlooms has also made the Ma family talented, especially Ma Zaizhi is the most famous. Under the influence of family style, Ma Zaizhi was diligent and studious, with excellent grades, and later studied in the United States. After returning to China, he successively taught at Henan Jiaozuo Fuzhong Mining University (the predecessor of today's China University of Mining and Technology), Lanzhou Northwest Institute of Technology, etc., and was a pioneer in the field of engineering and mining in mainland China. Many of the celebrities in the industrial and mining circles in the sea are disciples of Ma Zaizhi. The Ma family was thus praised as "a double soldier, three generations of five junjie".
Ma Piyao attaches great importance to loyalty and filial piety, cultivates the family style of heirloom, and still has an important influence on the Ma family. Ma Piyao's great-grandson and Ma Zai's second son, Ma Huaichen (1935-2007), actively responded to the state's call to support the frontier at the age of 15, participated in the establishment of the Xinjiang October Tractor Factory, and later served as the deputy director of the factory, making outstanding contributions to the development of the factory. In 1971, when his father Ma Zaizhi's life was in danger, he rushed from Xinjiang to Xi'an Hospital, serving his father day and night until his death. After the funeral, he hurried back to Xinjiang, and due to excessive sadness and fatigue, he fell seriously ill and was admitted to the hospital.
For more than 100 years, more than 150 descendants of Ma Piyao VI have been deeply influenced by the good family style and family training of their ancestors, and have formed a good family style for officials to maintain loyalty, keep filial piety, and pass on family affairs.
Attached: Ma Piyao Chronology
In the eleventh year of Daoguang (1831), Ma Piyao was born.
In the first year of Xianfeng (1851), Ma Piyao was transferred to the Mashui Academy and studied under Mr. Zheng Yun.
In the sixth year of Xianfeng (1857), Maggiesen was born.
In the eighth year of Xianfeng (1859), Ma Jizhang was born.
In the first year of Tongzhi (1862), Ma Piyao was a jinshi and distributed to Shanxi's alternate Zhi County. During his expedition, he was honored by Zheng Dunjin, the governor of Shanxi, and arranged a shogunate for him.
In the fifth year of Tongzhi (1866), Pingluzhi County was granted, during which he was diligent and loved the people, and was deeply loved by the people, and they all called him "Ma Qingtian". He was also appreciated by inspector Zhao Changling, and asked the imperial court to issue a decree to fill the vacancies directly under the prefecture, and add the same title, and at the same time concurrently serve as Yongji Zhi County.
In the tenth year of Tongzhi (1871), his father died of illness, and he returned to his hometown to worry about filial piety.
In the thirteenth year of Tongzhi (1874), he still went to Shanxi to supplement Hedong to supervise Tongzhi.
In the third year of Guangxu (1877), there was a severe drought in Shaanxi and Shanxi, and the disaster was serious, and he was appreciated by Yan Jingming, and concurrently served as the zhizhou of Xiezhou (Yuncheng), and was rewarded with the title of salt transport envoy.
In the seventh year of Guangxu (1881), Liaozhou (Zuoquan) Zhizhou was supplemented, and he still signed the prefecture of understanding.
In the eighth year of Guangxu (1882), he served as the prefect of Taiyuan, and in the year when the torrential rains on the Fenhe River became a disaster, Ma Piyao organized disaster relief, implemented solid defense, adjudicated unjust cases, and was rehabilitated and released.
In the 10th year of Guangxu (1884), he was promoted to Jining Dao.
At the beginning of the eleventh year of Guangxu (1885), he appointed shanxi as an envoy. In April, he appointed a political envoy from Shanxi.
In February of the thirteenth year of Guangxu (1887), he was appointed as an envoy to Guizhou and a political envoy. In April, he entered Beijing in accordance with the order and was summoned twice by Cixi and Guangxu. In August, he was appointed as a political envoy in Guangxi.
In August of the fifteenth year of Guangxu (1889), he was appointed as the inspector of Guangxi. Set up an official bookstore, advocate the establishment of sericulture, open a machine workshop, build a nursery, a perch, and a medical bureau.
Floods in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas of Jiangnan were caused, and Ma Piyao gave 20,000 taels of silver. In November of the following year, the imperial court gave him a top of his head.
In the eighteenth year of Guangxu (1892), Ma Piyao's stepmother Yang Shi died of illness and left the shou system.
In July of the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), he was appointed as the governor of Guangdong, and during his stay in Beijing, he was summoned four times by Empress Dowager Cixi and the Guangxu Emperor.
Guangxu arrived in the city of Guangdong Province on the twentieth day of the twentieth month of the twenty-first year (1895), and in the beginning of September, he was "Please Jian Chongchen Supervisor Fold". In May, Gambling was banned in Guangdong. On the eighth day of September, Ma Piyao died, leaving behind the "Testament", hoping that the emperor would "exert great efforts to govern".