In Chinese history, the emperor was the 95th emperor and enjoyed a very high status, and many women were proud to marry into the harem as concubines. However, in history, there was a woman who, after being crowned a concubine, wanted to divorce the emperor and took the initiative to kick the emperor away. Those who dared to confront the emperor in this way were really the first people in history.
This woman was the last imperial concubine in Chinese history, Wen Xiu.
Erdet Wenxiu is also known as Fu Yufang. Born on December 20, 1909, into a manchurian aristocratic bureaucrat with a yellow flag. Grandfather Erdet Xizhen was an official of the late Qing Dynasty.
Wen Xiu's father, Duan Gong, was a mediocre person who repeatedly failed in scientific examinations. Duan Gong's original wife, Borjigit, left a daughter (commonly known as "Black Big Sister") and died.
Later, jiang shi, who remarried, was Wen Xiu's biological mother, a big bridesmaid of the Han nationality, who was kind in heart, gentle in temperament, and respected her husband as a guest. However, heaven did not follow people's wishes, and after Jiang's marriage, he gave birth to the eldest daughter Wenxiu, and then gave birth to a second daughter, Wenshan, and her husband Duangong fell ill and died.
After the Xinhai Revolution, the Manchu Qing Dynasty fell, and the five brothers lost their financial resources and could only sell antique calligraphy and paintings and real estate to make a living. The valuable things in the family were quickly sold out, and the property rights of the Fang family compound were soon transferred to others. Jiang lost his home and moved with his three daughters to Huashi Hutong in Beijing, renting a house and settling a new home.
The Jiang clan, who was born in the Han nationality, worked tirelessly to do flower picking work, or worked for a rich family for a short time, earning money to support a family of four, and also supporting his daughter to go to school.
In early September 1916, Jiang sent the 8-year-old WenXiu to study at the private Dunben Elementary School in The Flower Market. After going to school, Wen Xiu changed her name to Fu Yufang.
Fu Yufang is gifted and intelligent, and has learned extremely well in school, whether it is Chinese language, arithmetic, nature, and even drawing and music, and is deeply loved by teachers.
Fu Yufang is still a hard-working and sensible child at home, who can help her mother to do housework, but also help her mother to do some flower picking work, earn money for school expenses, and even neighbors say that she is a rare good girl.
In the spring of 1921, after the election of the last emperor Puyi, Wen Xiu was just over eleven years old at the time, and was coaxed by the fifth uncle Hua Kan to take photos to participate in the emperor's draft. Puyi circled the embroidery in several photos presented, but because there was not only One Puyi present in the draft at that time, but also the Concubine of Emperor Ying. Emperor Ying's concubines saw that Guo Buluo Wanrong had outstanding appearance and temperament, so she finally chose to make Wanrong an empress, and Wen Xiu was eventually designated as a lady concubine.
On November 30, 1922, Wen Xiu, who was not yet 13 years old, entered the palace and became the 16-year-old Puyi's concubine. After Wen Xiu entered the palace, he lived in the Changchun Palace of the West Sixth Palace. (Changchun Palace, where Empress Dowager Cixi lived for 23 years, is lavishly decorated and beautifully furnished.) ）
However, after Wen Xiu entered the palace, she did not get Puyi's favor, coupled with her introverted personality, not good at talking, and her mood has been depressed and depressed. Fortunately, she liked to read and write since she was a child, usually embroidered or taught the palace women to recognize words, and the four concubines and palace servants all praised the quiet and polite embroidery, but this did not improve Puyi's snub for her.
On the contrary, whether in the Forbidden City or after following Puyi's palace, her nine-year marriage with Puyi can be said to be a period of gray and bleak years.
In 1924, Feng Yuxiang staged a coup d'état in Beijing, forcing the cabinet to revise the Conditions for Preferential Treatment in the Qing Dynasty, abolish the imperial title, and drive Puyi and other Manchu Qing remnants out of the Forbidden City.
After dismissing the redundant subordinates, Puyi's "small imperial court" was imprisoned in the palace of his biological father, Prince Alcohol, and changed from "Emperor of the Great Qing Dynasty" to "Commoner" overnight, and Puyi felt lost.
Although Feng Yuxiang agreed that Puyi had taken away a large amount of gold and silver jewelry in the Forbidden City, and the living standards of the many people had not declined, Puyi had always been concerned about the identity of "civilians".
As an emperor who was once "high above" and now a commoner, Bo Yi's unwilling heart can be imagined, and his "restoration" heart has never died.
Although Puyi despised the identity of "commoners", Wen Xiu saw the dawn of hope, "commoners" means that there is no longer a hierarchical status of emperor, empress, and imperial concubine, and now they are equal.
Just as Wen Xiu was preparing to plan her husband's future life, Zhang Zuolin returned to Beijing to drive away Feng Yuxiang, and after 20 days of seclusion, Puyi regained her freedom.
Although Puyi still cannot return to the Forbidden City, without this person who regards himself as a thorn in the eye, his "restoration conspiracy" has ignited hope again.
Under the seduction of Zheng Xiaoxu, a Manchu widow, Puyi found a "patron" who could help him restore the imperial industry, that is, the Japanese.
In fact, Puyi did not have much good feelings for the Japanese, but at this time, only the Japanese forces were willing to "help" him, and Puyi regarded it as a life-saving straw.
After Wen Xiu heard about it, he resolutely dissuaded Puyi from contacting the Japanese, and in Wen Xiu's view, Pu Yi's approach was undoubtedly to lure the wolf into the room, and he would surely become a puppet of Japan after that. Bo Yi thought that this was the view of a woman with embroidery, and scoffed at her words.
Moreover, at that time, Puyi's desire for "restoration" was as strong as going into the fire, and after Wenxiu's repeated persuasions were fruitless, Puyi, who was ashamed and angry, beat Wenxiu fiercely, and since then beat her into the "cold palace".
In 1925, Puyi reached an agreement with the Japanese, and the whole family quietly left Beijing and moved to the Japanese concession in Tianjin to plan a good opportunity for restoration.
After coming to Tianjin, wen embroidery and Puyi became more and more contradictory because of the question of whether to defect to the Japanese, and later Puyi simply stopped taking care of wen embroidery. She watched Puyi pamper Wanrong all day long, held a birthday party for her, and Puyi would allow whatever Wanrong wanted. They went shopping, went for a ride, danced, and all of them did not have a copy of embroidery.
He and Wanrong live on the second floor, Wenxiu lives downstairs, although they still live together, but they are like strangers, and no one remembers Wenxiu's birthday.
The Manchu Qing widows and widows were best at seeing the wind and making the rudder, and the "palace eunuchs" in the family were snubbed when they saw "Lady Shu", and their attitude towards her was getting worse and worse, and Wen Xiu felt more and more desolate.
On a night Chinese New Year's Eve lunar calendar, Puyi and Wanrong were playing in the palace, at this time, a eunuch reported that Lady Shufei stabbed her own abdomen with scissors, and Puyi said angrily: "She used this trick to scare people." Leave no one to blame her! And this incident also caused the fuse of the future "knife and concubine revolution".
On August 25, 1931, Wen Xiu's sister Wen Shan came to her, Wen Shan told Puyi that her sister was too depressed and wanted to take her out to relax, Puyi agreed, and sent the eunuch Zhao Changqing to serve them both. Who knows, as soon as the sisters left, they never came back.
After the two sisters left, they went directly to the National Hotel, and then Wen Xiu handed two envelopes to the eunuch accompanying him and said to him: "Go back and tell your emperor, I will not go back, I will divorce him." ”
When the accompanying eunuch told Puyi what had happened, Puyi turned blue with anger and tore open two envelopes, a lawyer's letter and an embroidered handwritten letter.
Wen Xiu's move not only shocked Puyi greatly, but even the Manchu Qing elders felt that they were rebellious and simply lost the face of the Qing Dynasty. Some newspapers have also published news of Wenxiu's divorce. In this way, the divorce between Wen Xiu and Puyi is well known to the world, making Puyi's face very ugly.
For a time, the Manchu Qing elders denounced Wen Xiu and attacked them vigorously. Wenxiu's psychological burden was extremely heavy, and later Wenxiu hired three lawyers to apply to the Tianjin District Court for divorce from Puyi on her behalf, Puyi of course refused to agree, and he also hired two lawyers to answer the lawsuit.
In order to win the sympathy of the presiding judge, Wen Xiu broke the news that Puyi had a physiological problem: "Serving the emperor for nine years, she was not blessed", which means that she and Puyi have been married for nine years, Puyi has physiological problems, the two have not lived a married life, and she is still a virgin.
As soon as these words came out, there was another uproar. Let Puyi lose face, but also by the major media at that time rushed to report, for a while the last imperial concubine Wenxiu wanted to divorce the last emperor Puyi was actually Puyi can not do men's things, which became the national explosive news at that time, but also became the talk of the people after tea and dinner.
In order to take care of her face, Puyi had to agree to divorce Wenxiu and signed three divorce agreements with Wenxiu: First, after the divorce, Puyi gave Wenxiu a one-time alimony of 55,000 yuan; second, Wenxiu could only take away her personal clothes and daily necessities from Puyi; third, Wenxiu returned to her mother's home after divorce, and was not allowed to remarry others, and she was not allowed to do anything that damaged Puyi's reputation.
Wen Xiu and Puyi divorced, can be regarded as a "poke the sky" miracle, the Ai Xin Jue Luo family ruled China for more than 300 years, there has never been an empress or imperial concubine dare to propose the challenge of divorce, Wen Xiu is the first and only successful person. In order to maintain his "face", Puyi actually issued an "edict" the day after signing a divorce agreement with Wenxiu: "Abolish Shufei Wenxiu as a commoner."
After the divorce, Wen Xiu returned to Beiping. Although the life of a commoner has begun, some of the habits in the palace are still preserved. Four servants were hired to take care of the housework. She changed her clothes every day, washed her hands three times, the water was hotter than the last, and the last basin of water could not be hot. If it is not appropriate, it will be scolded by her. In poverty, there was still a little bit of luxury, and soon her living expenses were running out.
Subsequently, Wen Xiu changed fu Yufang's name back and went to the private Sipin Primary and Secondary School in Beiping City to become a teacher of Chinese language and picture class. This seems to be the beginning of a new life.
Wen Xiu gradually had a smile on her face, and she liked to be with the children. And the students liked her. She was very knowledgeable, young, had a clear voice, and was so well pictured. Wen Xiu really felt happy. This is the happiness that belongs to a common people, the joy of having freedom.
However, not long after such a good day, some people discovered that Fu Yufang was originally the last imperial concubine Wen Xiu. In addition to the school's, outsiders also blocked the door every day, curious to see this fallen imperial princess.
Wen Xiu originally wanted to cope with the past, but then even the reporters came, which made Wen Xiu have a very bad day and had to leave the school.
After coming out of school, Wenxiu was unemployed again. The previous home could not be lived in, and moved to the courtyard of Liu Hai Hutong to live in seclusion. Although he was a secluded person, he could not be at peace, there were many people who came to propose and harass, Wen Xiu was only 24 years old at that time, but he abided by the agreement that he would never marry again when divorcing, and rejected everyone.
Such days lasted for another four years, and the jewelry he brought with him sold almost the same, wenxiu dismissed the maid, sold the property, and left only one room to live. The economy was in crisis, and she had to return to her old business of picking flowers. This is the craft she learned when she was young and helping her mother raise the family. I didn't expect that time would pass, I had become an imperial princess, and I would re-practice this craft. Picking flowers can't make much money, and Wen Xiu has to turn to his mother's cousin.
At a relative's house, Wen embroidered paper boxes, did the rough work of picking up ashes and handing brick masons, and was even forced to go to the street to sell cigarettes. While selling cigarettes on the street, she was surrounded by reporters and fled home in panic. Fortunately, after being introduced, Wen Xiu soon found a proofreading job, and her second marriage also began.
After the victory of the War of Resistance, Wen Xiu no longer fulfilled the promise of not marrying again, and she had to think about the rest of her life. Liu Zhendong, an officer in the Nationalist army, broke into her life at this time. Liu Zhendong is more than forty years old, not yet married, and when he began to get along with Wenxiu, Wenxiu was hesitant.
After all, Puyi left a shadow on her soul, and she was not sure whether remarriage was a wise choice. After 5 months together, she was impressed by Liu Zhendong's careful consideration and emotional single-mindedness, and the two married in Beiping.
The wedding ceremony was held in the famous "Dongxing Building" at that time. There are ten tables on the shark fin table, which is very grand. And Liu Zhendong also took out the official money accumulated over more than twenty years for Wen Embroidery. After marriage, Liu Zhendong opened a small flatbed car shop and made a living by renting flatbed cars. The days were also very sweet.
But this harmony lasted for two years. The situation was turbulent, Liu Zhendong's car shop went bankrupt, and their new home in Baimi Xie Street, which they painstakingly operated, was lost. 8 scooters are exchanged for a ferry ticket. Before he could flee south, Beiping City was besieged.
In January 1949, Peiping was peacefully liberated, and the people's government under the leadership of the Communist Party of China took over the city of Beiping. Out of the needs of the revolution, a circular was issued shortly thereafter ordering that the military, police, and special personnel left behind by the former Kuomintang should be registered.
Under the persuasion of Wen Xiu, Liu Zhendong truthfully registered and frankly explained the historical issues, and the people's government decided not to pursue Liu Zhendong for criminal responsibility, not to arrest or detain, but to wear only the hat of historical counter-revolution and hand him over to the masses for supervision and control.
Liu Zhendong found a job in the cleaning team in the northeast Xicheng District because of his good performance, and although his income was small, he was able to maintain his livelihood. Wen Xiu and Liu Zhendong lived in poverty, living in a 10-square-meter cottage.
Wen Xiu took care of the housework by himself, bought vegetables and cooked rice, and they never had children. Although there was no problem with the relationship between the two people, Wen Xiu's health was getting worse and worse, and on September 18, 1953, Wen Xiu was doing things at home, and suddenly, she fell down.
Wen Xiu died of a myocardial infarction at the age of 44. The burial was simple, a coffin made of four wooden planks, and even a tombstone was not erected, and the former last imperial concubine was buried in the Tucheng Yidi outside the Anding Gate of Beijing.
A bunch of yellow earth hid the coffin of Wen Embroidery, and also covered up the sad life of Wen Embroidery from a fallen noblewoman to the last imperial concubine to the common people.
In wen xiu's life, happy days are limited to count. This disgraced noblewoman, this last imperial concubine who was snubbed, is not easy to be a commoner.
Although she does not have a beautiful appearance, she has a heart that dares to resist, she dares to divorce puyi in order to dissuade Puyi from cooperating with the Japanese and for the freedom she wants, no concubine in Chinese history has ever dared to divorce the emperor, Wen Xiu is the last imperial concubine in Chinese history, and the only concubine who dares to abandon the emperor, and Puyi is also the only emperor in Chinese history who was abandoned by concubines.
She has had no loss in this life. In the end, she finally found her own happiness, and ushered in the love of new China, but unfortunately, her face was short, and just when she should enjoy the happiness of life, her life came to an abrupt end at the age of 44.