Blood parrot fish aquarium culture technology
Fund Project: Ornamental Aquarium Position in Tianjin Marine Aquaculture Industry Technology System (ITTMRS2021004);
_Zhang Xianguang, etc
The blood parrot fish is obtained from the hybridization of purple red firemouth fish and red devil fish, inheriting the unique physiological habits of the two fish, easy to raise, bright red all over the body, coupled with the fat body shape and soft fins, very cute. Because of the beautiful meaning of red fire and other beautiful meanings, the breeding technology is relatively simple, and it has become the first choice for family breeding tropical ornamental fish. With the gradual increase of the blood parrot fish family aquarium breeding population, in order to better serve consumers and promote the healthy development of the blood parrot fish industry, in recent years, Tianjin Ornamental Fish Technology Engineering Center has carried out research on the blood parrot fish aquarium tank breeding technology, and has achieved some technical achievements. The aquaculture technology of the blood parrot fish aquarium is summarized as follows.
First, the selection of fish standards
Generally, high-quality blood parrot fish is blood red throughout, no black spots or variegated colors; the body shape is round and thick, the smaller the body length / body height ratio of the fish, the better, usually the ratio is 1 to 1.1 is better; swimming is normal, the fins are fully stretched, the gill cover is not valgus, breathing is smooth; there is no trauma and the fish eyes are transparent, and the swimming is strong.
Second, reasonably set the stocking density
Blood parrot fish are larger and have the characteristics of suitable for social living, and the aquarium tanks of blood parrot fish are generally larger. The general specifications of the family fish aquarium are 100 cm ×50 cm×50 cm, and the suitable stocking density of different sizes and different qualities of blood parrot fish is different (Table 1), and the general aquarium is equipped with two tails of 10 to 15 cm "scavengers" to maintain the aquarium for a long time. In addition, the aquarium cylinder should be equipped with oxygenation equipment, filters, temperature control devices, etc. when arranging.
Table 1 Suitable stocking density of blood parrot fish
Third, appropriately strengthen water quality regulation
Blood parrot fish is not strict on water quality requirements, in the weak acidic, neutral and slightly alkaline water can live normally, tap water after drying 2 to 3 days can be used. In the daily management, it is necessary to often feed artificial compound feed containing astaxanthin or use fresh (chilled) small fish and shrimp to maintain the red body color of the blood parrot fish, so when breeding blood parrot fish at home, it is necessary to pay attention to maintaining the stability of the water quality in the breeding tank, generally changing the water every 5 to 7 days, and the water exchange is 1/3 to 1/2. Due to the relatively high demand for dissolved oxygen in the breeding process of blood parrot fish, sufficient oxygen must be maintained to ensure that the dissolved oxygen reaches more than 5 mg/L.
Fourth, control the water temperature range
The water temperature of blood parrot fish culture is controlled at 27~29 °C. When breeding in aquariums, it is necessary to pay attention to the water temperature difference is not too large, generally controlled within 3 ° C, otherwise it is easy to cause blood parrot fish to suffer from white spot disease, resulting in death, so the aquarium should be equipped with a heating rod with temperature control.
5. Feed regularly and quantitatively
Every day, it is necessary to feed regularly and quantitatively, reasonably match the nutrition of the bait, and regularly feed fresh shrimp and small fish to maintain the health level of the fish. Artificial feed specially formulated for blood parrot fish (crude protein ≥ 45.0%, crude fat ≥ 8.0%, crude fiber ≤ 10.0%, crude ash ≤ 15.0%, calcium 0.5% to 2.5%, total phosphorus 0.6% to 2.0%, calcium chloride 0.4% to 1.0%, lysine ≥ 1.9%, astaxanthin ≥ 0.3%, carotene ≥0.3%), this added astaxanthin and carotene feed is not only convenient to feed, And it can make the body color of the blood parrot fish more vivid and beautiful. Each feeding is generally fed granular feed to half full, and then fed red worms, bread worms, river prawns, etc., until fed, which can not only ensure the color brightness of the fish body, but also make the blood parrot fish full and grow fast. Feed feeding should pay attention to timing and quantitation to ensure that the water quality is fresh. Feeding 3 to 4 times a day, artificial feed should be 10 minutes after feeding is appropriate.
VI. Strengthen daily observation and management
Daily observation should pay special attention to whether the temperature and water quality of the water body are normal, whether the fish body swims and feeds normally, whether the fish body fins and surfaces are injured, whether it is infected with diseases, etc., and if abnormal conditions are found, they should be solved in time. Regularly clean the filters and check the temperature control devices and power equipment to maintain the stability of the tank culture system. While observing and dealing with the problem, try not to cause a violent stress response in the blood parrot fish. Severe stress responses tend to cause a fading reaction in blood parrot fish.
7. Common diseases and treatments in aquarium culture
1. Gill rot disease and rotten fin disease The symptoms of rotten gill disease are the diseased fish floating alone, unresponsive, breathing difficulties, loss of appetite, when the disease is severe, the gill filament end decays, congestion, the gill cap inner and outer layers are corroded and thinned, and the gill cap can be lifted to see the ulcerated tissue. The symptoms of rotten fin disease are damaged and discolored and dull fins, foreign bodies in ulcerated places, and in severe cases, the fins are mutilated and decayed, resulting in the death of the fish. The disease can occur throughout the year, mainly due to the lack of timely water quality replacement. Treatment: (1) soak the diseased fish in 5% salt water until cured; (2) soak with potassium permanganate solution of 20 mg/l for 15 to 30 minutes.
2. Bacterial enteritis Disease This disease is a common disease in the breeding process of blood parrot fish, often complicated with other diseases, such as gill rot. The affected fish have symptoms such as sluggishness, swimming sluggishness, swimming alone, and black body color, and the diseased fish has reduced feeding but the abdomen is enlarged, the anus is red and swollen, and the defecation is white mucus, and there is a yellow pus squeezed lightly. Treatment: with oxytetracycline 5 g / m
3 Soak the sick fish until it is cured.
3. Water mold disease There are a large number of gray-white cotton-like hyphae in the lesions of the fish body, and the muscles at the later lesions rot and loss of appetite and die, mainly due to the fact that the water temperature is not well controlled. Treatment: (1) Soak the diseased fish in 4% salt water for 10 minutes, once a day, until cured. (2) Soak with table salt and baking soda mixture (1:1) at a concentration of 8 mg/L.
4. Parasitic diseases When the water environment is relatively poor and the water temperature changes greatly, the most prone parasitic diseases are mainly small melon disease. At the beginning of the disease, the small melon worms are densely distributed on the body surface, gills and fins of the diseased fish, and white dotted vesicles can be seen with the naked eye, and the diseased fish will still feed at this time. In the later stages of the disease, white spots are all over the body, and the sick fish often float on the surface of the water or swim slowly, the feeding activity is reduced, and sometimes they squeeze each other in the corners of the fish tank, and eventually die due to gill tissue necrosis and breathing difficulties. Treatment: Use a heating rod to increase the water temperature to more than 30 ° C, about 1 week the small melon worms fall off, and then replace with new water, keep the water temperature can be cured.
VIII. Summary
Aquarium culture of blood parrot fish should pay attention to the feeding of compound feed must contain astranthrin and carotene, in order to maintain the blood parrot fish body color bright, otherwise the body color of the blood parrot fish will appear faded. It is necessary to control the water temperature and water quality of the aquarium to be relatively stable, otherwise it will cause the blood parrot fish to have a stress response, resulting in the fading phenomenon of the blood parrot fish; the high-quality blood parrot fish will produce a certain stress response and cause the shrinking phenomenon, and the ornamental value and economic value will decline. When feeding daily, it is necessary to maintain a relatively stable feeding amount to ensure the stable shape of the fish. Insufficient long-term feeding will cause the body length-to-height ratio of blood parrot fish to increase, which will affect the quality of blood parrot fish.
