Page 1 Author Bio
The Author of The Shagundaro is the Indian poet and playwright. In 1956, the World Peace Council listed him as one of the world's top ten cultural personalities. It was no later than the 5th century. There are 7 surviving works recognized as belonging to him: the lyrical short poem "Ring of Seasons", the lyrical long poem "Cloud Messenger", the narrative poem "The Birth of Kumara" and "The Lineage of Raja", the plays "Moravica and the Fire Friend King", "Yuri PoShi" and "Shagundaro". The play is set against the backdrop of court life, with the king as the male protagonist and love as the theme.
"Moravica and the Fire Friend King" writes the love story of the historical figure King Huoyou and the princess Moraviga who became a palace maid in the war, and it together with the "Dream of The Dream" set a precedent for describing the history of the emperor; "Yuli Poshi" depicts the story of the love between the heavenly singer Yuli Boshi and the earthly king Ofu Luluo Brahma, full of romance, poetry, and style is refreshing and clear; "Shagong Daro" has a total of 7 acts, writing the love marriage story of shagundaro, a pure forest girl, and king Dou Fantuo.
Bean Fan Tuo meets Shagundaro during his hunt and is married by falling in love. Soon, Dou Fantuo left the ring as a keepsake and returned to the capital alone. Shakundaro was pregnant and went to the capital to look for a husband, but because he was cursed by the immortals, he lost the ring, and Dou Fantuo refused to accept it. It wasn't until he regained the ring and the magic was lifted that the two reconciled. In the play, Shagundaro has a plump image and a complete personality, and is an Indian female figure who represents classical beauty.
The whole play is poetic, the plot is undulating, and the language is simple and beautiful. Since the 1950s, China has twice put the play on the stage. His masterpiece is Sagundaro. The work is beautiful in language, cheerful in style and full of romantic atmosphere, and it is one of the representative works of Sanskrit classical literature. It was widely circulated in ancient India and there are many versions. In the Middle Ages, it was heavily translated into various Indian dialects. In modern times, it was Shagundaro that first earned Kalidasa worldwide fame.
In 1789, the English Sanskrit scholar William Jones took the lead in translating and publishing the Shagundaro into English, and called Kalissa "the Shakespeare of India". Since then, Shagundaro has been translated into other European literature, and has caused great repercussions in European literary circles, especially in Germany. In China, since the 1920s, there have been a variety of shagundaro translations, but they have been translated from the English or French translations. In 1956, China published for the first time the original Sanskrit translation of Shagundaro (translated by Ji Xianlin). Since the 1950s, China has twice brought "Sagundaro" to the stage.
Page 2 Summary of contents
"Shagundaro" mainly tells that: King Bean Fantuo went hunting in the suburbs, broke into the pure forest to chase a deer, and met the wonderful maiden Shagundaro here, and the two fell in love at first sight. Since then, the girl's heart is full of love, one day, she told her girlfriend in the forest about her heart, just by the bean fan Tuo to see through the truth. Excited, he came out of hiding and boldly expressed his sincere love to her. They had the wedding in their own way. However, after the marriage, Dou Fantuo had to return to the capital, and before leaving, he gave a ring engraved with his name as a souvenir to Shagundaro.
After parting with her lover, Sagundaro suffered from lovesickness, and because of her heavy heart, she neglected a fairy and was cursed. Although Shakondaro was very attached to the flowers and trees in the Jingxiu Forest, he decided to leave the place and embark on the road of shangjing to find a husband. Because the immortals obstructed it, she lost the ring that served as a keepsake. After much hard work, Shagundaro met King DouFantuo. However, at this time, the king was surrounded by harem beauties and completely forgot about his former lovers.
Shagundaro was infatuated, but in exchange for the king's indifference, she cried out for the world and did not want to die. Her birth mother, the Celestial Daughter Minaga, brought her daughter back to heaven, and from then on she lived a pure and inactive life in heaven, raising her son with Dou Fan Tuo.
One day, a fisherman obtained a ring engraved with the king's name from the belly of the fish, and he was brought to the king Dou Fantuo to see the people, and Dou Fantuo immediately resumed his love for Shagundaro, who regretted his thin feelings and thought bitterly of his former lover. however. Where the Shagundaro people are, it is difficult to find. From then on, in the eyes of the king, the bright spring light was no longer beautiful, and the luxurious life was meaningless.
Later, at the behest of the gods, King Dou Fantuo went to heaven to suppress the demons, and when he returned triumphantly, he found the ascetic forest in the sky, and was attracted by the beautiful scenery, so he walked in a car and slowly inspected. Suddenly, a child with the appearance of a king came to his side, and it turned out that this was his own son. The king found Sagundaro and apologized to her, and despite Shagundaro's heartache, her love for her husband never changed. Therefore, they broke the mirror and returned to the capital together to enjoy a happy life.
In the plot of "Shagundaro", although the love between immortals and mortals is still expressed, it reveals the deep sigh of emotional encounters in real life. As a court poet, JiaLi Tuosha may have witnessed the enmity and love of many young women, in a social environment of husband power, in the courtyard deep, hierarchical harem life, one after another young girls, can only let fate play tricks, endure the falling flowers and flowing water, lament the difficulty of true feelings, and lament that Shaohua is easy to pass away.
With his poetic pen, Kalita composes heart songs for such characters. He did not dare to blame the abusive king of the three and four twilights; but his heart was full of pity for those miserable women who were resentful; for this reason, he cleverly used the immortal curse to give a reasonable reason for the desperation of the king Dou Fantuo, so that shagundaro's suffering would eventually be replaced by happiness.
In Shagundaro, the author shows a lot of cuteness and beauty of women, she is born beautiful, pure and kind, full of passion for life, full of youth and vitality. When the love sinus first opened, she mentioned a poem on the lotus leaf: "I can't guess your heart, but the fierce heart of the person, day and night, love is burning violently on my limbs, I only have you in my heart." "When she meets the person she loves, she pursues love without hesitation, although she is shy.
When Dou Fantuo broke off her love for her and refused to recognize her, she did not accept reality and had no choice. Instead, he angrily rebuked Dou Fan for his honey-bellied sword, his despicable and shameless, and solemnly warned the king that the end of the liar was "destruction." Caleda portrays a woman with flesh and blood, affection and righteousness, with a clear personality and a vivid life.
Page 3 Background of writing
The Shagundaro is a masterpiece of drama by the ancient Indian poet and dramatist Kalidasa (c. 350-472 AD). The play depicts the love affair between Dou Fantuo and Shagundaro. King Dou Fantuo was hunting in the forest, and met Shagundaro, the righteous daughter of the immortal Ganbo in the pure forest, and fell in love with him at first sight, and the two married privately. When Dou Fantuo returned to Beijing, he promised to welcome Shagundaro into the palace and gave him a ring as a keepsake. Sagundaro was cursed for inadvertently offending a fairy: the king would forget her unless he saw the keepsake. Shagundaro became pregnant, and Ganbo sent someone to send her to the capital, but the king did not recognize her, and the ring was lost on the way. Desperate, she was picked up by her birth mother, a young woman. A fisherman receives a lost ring from the belly of the fisherman, and the king recovers his memory after seeing it, remembering a love affair of Shagundaro, and regretting it. At this time, Shagundaro had already given birth to a child, and Dou Fantuo finally found their mother and son, and the reunion ended.
This storyline is largely derived from the Mahabharata and the Lotus Book, and the author's achievements are mainly based on the creation of two flesh-and-blood characters. Sagundaro is an ideal image of an ancient woman of the East, rare in the history of world literature. She is beautiful, radiant, and natural, a natural beauty that soaks the body and mind: living in the embrace of nature, wearing a bark coat, wearing a lotus bracelet, not pretentious, everything goes according to nature.
She not only has a natural beauty appearance, but also a pure and kind heart. She loves to raise her parents, is like a sister with her maid, loves weak animals, and is full of tenderness and sweetness. Simplicity and gentleness are the side of Sagundaro's personality, and she also has a persistent and strong side. Her strength is manifested in the accusations against Dou Fantuo after breaking through various constraints and marrying herself and being rejected in the palace. As long as she believes that she is right, she will pursue it at all costs; For what she thinks is wrong, she will never bow down or seek perfection. Shagundaro's gentle and gentle personality and persistent pursuit of a better love life have excited countless readers and viewers.
Through the ideal color of this image, her abandonment also has the practical significance of the unfortunate fate of ancient women. The playwright made two descriptions of Dou Fantuo: on the one hand, he was a generation of Ming Jun, Kong Wu was powerful, and in the love relationship with Sha Gong Da luo, he also vigorously exaggerated his loyalty and affection, and the rejection of Na Sha Gong Da Luo in the palace was the result of the curse of the immortals, and after recovering his memory, he was restless and in pain. These express the ideals and aspirations of the author. On the other hand, it also exposes the absurdity and brutality of a feudal ruling character, although the play often borrows the mouth of the character from the side to make a suggestive disclosure.
The scene of the court refusing to recognize his wife, removing the layer of mythological cloak, can also see the abominable face of a secular king. Outstanding achievements have been made in the structure and language of the play. The development of the plot is ups and downs, interlocking, sometimes light and moon, sometimes terrifying waves, sometimes clouds and flowing water, both coherent and compact, and the transition between the curtains is natural and fascinating. The play uses a large number of wonderful metaphors, and the language is simple and gorgeous, rigorous and lively.
Page 4 Reader Comments
It is hard to imagine that in the 5th century AD, india has already appeared such a mature and complete script, but also lament the fall of ancient Indian civilization. In the text, you can still see the complex and strict caste system of ancient India, and you can also see the reverence and adherence to traditional religious practices in that era. I know very little about religion. But when I read some of the descriptions of sacrifices and other scenes in the text, such as the people in the ashram before the fourth act "The Parting of Shagundaro", the people of the ashram used all the beautiful things to convey blessings to Shagundaro, and all living beings were also given the emotion of happiness, I couldn't help but raise the corners of my mouth.
Yes, in fact, religion does not reflect people's yearning for a better life, and give the wandering soul a place of stability and sustenance. Maybe I can think that religion has no scientific basis, maybe I think that some religious practices are backward or even contrary to human nature, but these are just some of the most normal frictions and collisions between ancient and modern ideas in the evolution of human civilization over the past thousand years. At least this time, I saw at least some part of religion that moved me.
Another thing that moved me about this book was the emotional outpouring of each scene, the twists and turns, and the gentleness of the person. From the initial hesitation, to the two carefully inquiring into each other before they made love, and then the sweet affection that the two were happy with and completely overflowed. And when Shagundaro was rejected, I was also surprised by the cruelty and even anger of Dou Fantuo countless times, and in the blink of an eye, I was deeply remorseful and relieved by Dou Fantuo, who had recovered his memory. Like seeing the light after the night, and finally encountering the happiness line after the dark clouds, even if it is a perfect ending that may be a bit cheesy, it is not easy to deeply sigh. And all of this is vividly reflected in this short script in the early 100 pages.
Thanks to Mr. Ji Xianlin for his translation. The version I read was translated directly from the Sanskrit version by Mr. Ji Lao into Chinese. In my opinion, Mr. Ji Lao's translation not only retains the mysterious color of ancient Indian civilization, but also retains its poetry in its rare and complete way after being translated into Chinese, the language is straightforward but also subtle, and the sense of rhythm is very comfortable and harmonious, which is really admirable. I can't help but copy it countless times while reading it, I think this is the charm of language, but unfortunately I don't know Sanskrit, the world is too big, and I can't experience what every language looks like. But I am grateful for the existence of a master like Mr. Ji Lao, who can share the all-encompassing human civilization with laypeople such as me.
Page 5 Quotes
1, no matter how far you go, you can't get out of my heart, just like the shadow of the tree at dusk, no matter how long it drags, it can't be separated from the roots of the tree.
2, no matter how far you go, you will not come out of my heart; just like the shadow of the tree at dusk, no matter how long it drags, it cannot be separated from the roots.
3, love only makes you hot, but it is constantly burning me.
4, no matter how far you go, you can never go out of my heart, this is like the shadow of a tree in the sunset, no matter how long it is, it will always be connected to the roots of the tree.
(To be continued)
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