In the history of China and foreign countries, wars have been continuous, but the vast majority of wars have not lasted long, and only a small part of the siege wars have lasted for more than one and a half years. Although the total amount is large and there are many examples, how many times have you heard of the three-year siege war?
Shen Wenxiu (426–486), courtesy name Zhongyuan
Shen Wenxiu (425–486), courtesy name Zhongyuan, was a native of Wuxing Wukang (present-day Deqing County, Zhejiang), a famous general of the Song Dynasty during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and the nephew of Sikong Shen Qingzhi. In 465 (the first year of Jinghe), Shen Wenxiu was reappointed as the governor of Dongguan Dong'an Erjun , the general Jianwei , and the Assassin of Qingzhou , and advised Shen Qingzhi to abolish the establishment , but Shen Qingzhi refused. Soon, the former deposed emperor was killed, Emperor Ming of Song succeeded to the throne, and Shen Wenxiu raised an army in response to Liu Zixun, the king of Jin'an, and after the defeat of the army, he asked For help from Northern Wei, but soon returned to the imperial court and resisted the Wei army that came to help, and was besieged in the city for three years.
Then, there were many Southern Dynasty Song generals who attracted Northern Wei at that time, so why was Shen Wenxiu alone besieged for three years? The Biography of Shen Wenxiu of song: "First, Jizhou's assassin Shi Cui Daogu was also attacked by the rebellion of the natives according to Licheng, and Wenxiu sent a letter to lead him; the general Mu Yubai Yao led the masses to help him, and Wenxiu was already ordered by the court, but he was unprepared, and the arsonists covered up, killing and wounding a lot." Yu Nai marched into the siege of the city, Wen Xiu was good at caring for the emperor, and the general Xian did his best, and every time he fought with the prisoners, he destroyed them and covered the camp, and there was no success. Emperor Taizong entered the General of the Auxiliary State. At first, Jizhou's assassin Cui Daogu also raised an army in response to Liu Zixun, and after the defeat, he and Shen Wenxiu asked for help from Northern Wei. However, when Northern Wei sent Murong Baiyao to help, Shen Wenxiu had already returned to the imperial court, so he took advantage of the Wei army's defenselessness and sent troops to cover up the killing. The Wei army suffered heavy losses and then marched into Qingzhou. Shen Wenxiu was good at caring for the imperial generals, and every time he fought against the Wei army, he won a great victory. Soon, Shen Wenxiu was enfeoffed as a general of the Auxiliary State. In other words, although Shen Wenxiu was loyal to the Southern Dynasty and loyal to the imperial court, his rebellion and active attack angered the Northern Wei, turning what was originally a simple action of surrender into a retaliatory war of the Northern Wei, and this kind of war often did not stop until the goal was achieved.
However, Shen Wenxiu was after all a traitor to the Southern Dynasty, and he did not trust Emperor Ming of Song very much, and Xue Andu, who was involved with him, had already surrendered to Northern Wei at that time. "The Biography of Wei Jun Shen Wenxiu": "Wen Xiu first wanted to surrender, and when the soldiers plundered, he had remorse, but the infant city was firmly defended." Later, Shen Wenxiu planned to surrender, but when he saw that the Wei army had plundered the people, he gave up the idea of surrendering. This determines that both sides have entered a stage of protracted combat.
In August of the same year, the Northern Wei Shu Commandery attacked the Western Outer City and was broken by the auxiliary general Yuan Chen. After that, the Wei army attacked the city several times, but was repelled by Shen Wenxiu. In 468 (the fourth year of the Tai Dynasty), Shen Wenxiujin was the Right General and was enfeoffed as the Marquis of Xincheng County. The Wei army besieged Qingzhou for a long time, and Emperor Ming, seeing that the rescue troops sent by him did not dare to march, appointed Shen Wenxiu's brother Shen Wenjing as an auxiliary general to rescue him from the sea. Shen Wenjing was in Buqi City, but was intercepted by the Wei army, defending the city and repeatedly breaking the enemy army. Soon, the city was destroyed and Shen Wenjing was killed. In this way, foreign aid was completely cut off, and what was originally a war between Liu Song and Northern Wei purely became a war of attrition between the Qingzhou military and civilians led by Shen Wenxiu and the Northern Wei army, and the result was destined to be tragic.
"Song Shu Shen Wenxiu Biography": "Wenxiu was besieged for three years, there were no reinforcements outside, soldiers and soldiers used their lives, no rebels, day and night fighting, armor lice lice." On the twenty-fourth day of the first month of the fifth year, he was trapped by the prisoners. Shen Wenxiu was besieged in Dongyang for three years, there were no reinforcements, the soldiers fought day and night, and lice were born on the armor, but none of them defected. On the 24th day of the first month of 469 (the fifth year of the Tai Dynasty), the city of Dongyang was destroyed, and Shen Wenxiu was captured by the Wei army, and was sent to Pingcheng with Changshi Fang Tianle and Sima Shensong.
The curtain fell on Shen Wenxiu, who was captured by Liu Song and painfully lost Qingzhou to Jizhou
Originally, holding on to it for three years was enough to be amazing, but when he was captured, Shen Wenxiu had a more wind and bone. The Book of Song shen Wenxiu's biography: "On the day of the defeat of the city, explain the robes, slow down and sit quietly, and order the left and right to take the festivals that you hold." After entering, the soldier handed over the blade and asked, "Where is Shen Wenxiu, the Assassin of Qingzhou?" Wen Xiu snapped, "I am." "Because of this, he pulled out the hearing beforehand and stripped off his clothes. When Bai Yao was in the southwest corner tower of the city, naked and bound Wenxiu to the front of Yao, the one who insisted on it ordered worship. Wen Xiuyue: "The ministers of the two countries have no worship rites." "He ordered him to return his clothes and set up wine and food." When Dongyang City was destroyed, Shen Wenxiu took off his military uniform, changed into a wide and comfortable official uniform, held a rune, and sat quietly in the study. After Wei Jun rushed in, he asked, "Where is Shen Wenxiu, the Assassin of Qingzhou?" Shen Wenxiu snapped, "I am!" Wei Jun then stripped off his official uniform and sent him to Murong Baiyao in the southwest corner tower, where he then made him bow down. Shen Wenxiu said, "We are each minister of two countries, and there is no reason to bow down to each other." Murong Baiyao was furious and whipped him. Later, he returned his official clothes and set up a banquet for him. This is not an exaggeration of the Southern Dynasty historians, and there is a similar record in the WeiShu Shen Wenxiu Biography.
After Shen Wenxiu arrived in Pingcheng, Emperor Xianwen counted his guilt in person, then pardoned him and treated him with the courtesy of the guest, giving him only bad clothes and food. Later, Emperor Xianwen admired his discipline, improved his treatment, and was made a doctor of the outer capital. In 479 (the third year of the Northern Wei Dynasty), Emperor Xianwen renamed Shen Wenxiu as a foreign capital official, and in order to reward his loyalty to his homeland, he gave him 200 silk horses. After that, Shen Wenxiu served as the general of Zhijie, Pingnan, and Huaizhou, and the false Duke of Wu County. At that time, the people in Henan were rich, and officials liked to give gifts, but Shen Wenxiu never accepted them and was willing to be poor. In 486 (the tenth year of the Northern Wei Dynasty), Shen Wenxiu fell ill and died in Huaizhou at the age of sixty-one.
Shen Wenxiu (425–486
Qingzhou was not shen Wenxiu's only place of office, but it was the only place where he had fought in the historical record, and this battle he held out for three years, if you add the previous attack and defense with the forces of the Southern Dynasty Song Ming Emperor, he held Qingzhou for four years. The entire War between the North and the South and the DPRK and China has been going on for many years, but it is rare for such a long siege to attack and defend the city. Three years of holding on to Qingzhou was the most difficult moment of his life, and it was also an unrepentant stop in his military career, after all, he was not alone in battle. Looking at the entire history of the world, what other battles have you seen in the encirclement of enemy forces that have been cut off from foreign aid for three years?