Preface
On March 23, 1982, at No. 203 Chaonei Avenue in beijing, the Central Organization Department sent someone to read a belated redress decision to a 76-year-old man, telling the old man that all historical problems about her had been thoroughly investigated, that she was not a "traitor" in people's mouths, that she was a tried and tested red female agent, and that she was a hero in the hearts of the people...
After listening to this review report, the twilight old man burst into tears, saddled with 43 years of traitorous infamy, and finally was taken off! She no longer had to be tortured by gossip, never had to be tried again, never had to go to jail again, and she was finally innocent in this life!
Seven months later, the bad news came that the "heroine of the scarf" had passed away in a determined way, leaving the new world she loved.
It is reasonable to say that after taking off the infamy of "traitor" and becoming a heroine in people's hearts, she can finally enjoy her old age in peace, why did this female agent commit suicide after being rehabilitated?
What did she go through before she died, and she would choose such a decisive way for the rest of her life?
01 Teenage girls are dissatisfied with arranged marriages and take their sisters to "run away from marriage"
Guan Lu, formerly known as Hu Shoulin, was born on July 14, 1907, in the family of Hu Yuanxiao, a former Qing dynasty man in Youyu County, Shanxi Province, and her father named her Shoulin, just to express that even if she gave birth to a daughter, it was a happy event of a glorious lintel, and it can be seen from the name that her father loves and expects her.
It was not until later, when left-wing literature began to be created, that he officially changed to publishing works under the pseudonym "Guan Lu", which is the last word.
However, born in the era of war and chaos, the family's life was not good, and when Guan Lu was eight years old, his father died of illness, leaving only his wife and two daughters to live. Guan Lu's mother, Xu Xiufeng, was alone to bear the lives of her two daughters.
Mother Xu Xiufeng is not a small woman without opinion, on the contrary, under the oppression and bullying of feudal etiquette, she is very independent in her thinking, and attaches great importance to the education of her two daughters, from a young age, she let her two daughters read classical literature, and also showed them a lot of progressive novels, which laid a solid foundation for Guan Lu's future literary creation.
Not only that, the mother also stressed that as a woman, she should be financially independent, and she hoped that her daughter's future marriages would be able to make her own decisions, not to be bound by the world, and to stay away from feudal arranged marriages. This kind of forward-looking thinking also laid a certain ideological foundation for Guan Lu and his sister to embark on the revolutionary road in the future.
However, when Guan Lu was fifteen years old, her mother Xu Xiufeng also unfortunately died of illness, leaving her to live with her young sister.
At this time, the second aunt of the two sisters could not see it, so she took them both in. However, unlike her mother's educational idea that "reading is the way out", the second aunt believes that "if a woman wants to live well, she must marry well."
Seeing that the fifteen-year-old Guan Lu was in a state of turmoil, the second aunt was ready to "arrange a marriage" and introduce guan Lu to the object, hoping to let her get married and have children.
However, at this time, Guan Lu's thoughts were already deeply influenced by her mother, she did not think that marrying someone was the way out, and she was very disgusted with this old concept of "arranged marriage" in her heart, and she really did not want to go against her own will and be forced to accept this arranged marriage, so she thought of running away from marriage.
So, in 1927, Guan Lu ran away from home with her sister and fled to Shanghai.
02 Becoming the "Wife of the Nation" with Talent Full of enthusiasm to join the revolution
In Shanghai, she met Liu Daoheng, who also did not accept arranged marriages, because the two had the same concept and were very close, Liu Daoheng was very sympathetic to the sisters' plight, so he decided to fund them to study.
With the financial support of Liu Daoheng, the Guan Lu sisters re-entered the academy, where the sisters learned about Marx and learned new terms such as "opposing unreasonable social systems" and "opposing private property".
In 1928, Guan Lu, with excellent grades, successfully entered the Philosophy Department of Nanjing Central University, because she was interested in literature, and soon after she transferred to the Department of Chinese.
At this time, free new poetry gradually rose and became a popular genre in the literary circle at that time, Guan Lu, who was originally interested in literature, was also inspired by her inner creative inspiration, and she published her debut works such as "Yu Jun" and "His Hometown", and also officially embarked on the road of writers.
Later, the talented Guan Lu was also praised as the "wife of the nation", and the talented women of the Republic of China period at that time, Pan Liudai, Zhang Ailing, and Su Qing, were on a par with each other, which shows how brilliant Guan Lu's talent is!
When the January 28 Incident broke out in 1932, Guan Lu, who was in Shanghai, witnessed the various atrocities of the Japanese invaders, which deeply stimulated her heart and made her start a new way of thinking.
During this period, Guan Lu, who was worried about the country and the people, wrote a large number of patriotic prose poems, such as "Night of Tragedy" and "Hometown, I Can't Let You Fall", and officially joined the Communist Party of China in the same year.
Subsequently, Guan Lu, who was full of patriotic enthusiasm, also joined the Chinese Left-Wing Writers' Union with Lu Xun as the standard-bearer, and together with Ding Ling and other young writers, took up the pen in his hand as a sharp weapon against the invaders and wrote a large number of anti-war prose poems.
In the face of the atrocities of the Japanese invaders, Guan Lu wrote that "it is better to fight and die for the motherland than to be a national undead!" It was these poems that earned her the title of "Wife of the Nation."
Originally, if she, like Zhang Ailing, was immersed in literary creation and did not participate in politics, perhaps she could also achieve immortal achievements in the literary world;
Originally, she could have gone down the path of literature, but the appearance of a person broke her peaceful life.
In 1937, shanghai fell, and a man named Wang Bingnan appeared in Guan Lu's world. Wang Bingnan was Zhou Enlai's right-hand man, and his main task in coming this time was to secretly negotiate with the Wang puppet government, and naturally he could not avoid contact with Guan Lu, who was involved in the CAUSE of the CCP.
At this time, Guan Lu had experienced a failed marriage, and her heart fell again for the mature and stable man Wang Bingnan in front of her. And Wang Bingnan also fell in love with this talented woman at first sight, and in the process of contact, the two rubbed out the spark of love.
However, after the two spent some time together, Wang Bingnan left Shanghai because of the mission transfer, and before leaving, he left a photo for Guan Lu, with a line written on the back: "You care about me for a while, I care about you for a lifetime."
It was also this short two-line word that became the only "light" in Guan Lu's heart in the following thirteen years of lurking career.
03 Sacrifice Yourself for the Revolutionary Cause Bear the insult of "traitors."
1939 was the most important year of Guan Lu's life.
One night in the autumn of that year, Guan Lu was revising the manuscript of "New and Old Era" at home, when suddenly there was a rapid knock at the door, she opened the door and saw that it was Liu Shaowen, secretary general of the Shanghai office of the Eighth Route Army, who came to bring Guan Lu a telegram signed by Ye Jianying, and told Guan Lu to send to Hong Kong to find "Xiao Liao" to accept the task.
This "Little Liao" was Liao Chengzhi, who was engaged in cultural rescue work in Hong Kong at that time. After meeting Liao Chengzhi and Pan Hannian, Guan Lu received a task that embarrassed her, and this task also began her career as a "female agent".
Liao Chengzhi conveyed to Guan Lu that the superior organization hoped that she could enter the then-infamous "No. 76 Magic Cave" to engage in undercover work, take the opportunity to approach Li Shiqun, and if possible, "plot against" him.
The reason why Guan Lu was chosen to carry out this task was because when Li Shiqun was a communist, his wife was pregnant with Liujia and lived in Guan Lu's sister's house for a period of time, and Li Shiqun regarded her sister's family as a "savior".
At this time, the sister had been transferred to Shanghai for secret work and could not get out, and this task fell to the sister Guan Lu. After painful and difficult choices, for the sake of the great communist cause, in order to follow the faith in his heart, Guan Lu finally decided to accept this undercover mission of nine deaths.
Before going undercover, Pan Hannian repeatedly instructed Guan Lu, "If someone wants someone to say that you are a traitor in the future, you can't justify it. ”
"I won't argue!" Guan Lu said firmly to Pan Hannian. Subsequently, Guan Lu, who returned to Shanghai, resolutely walked into the headquarters of Wang Pseudo Agent at No. 76 Jisifei Road in Shanghai.
Through this relationship with her sister, she quickly gained Li Shiqun's trust, and also obtained a lot of intelligence from this traitor, and finally successfully plotted against him, so that she could obtain intelligence on a larger scale.
However, Guan Lu completed the task beautifully, and the price paid was to change from a generation of talented women to a spurned "female traitor".
The literary creation activities that she once loved were all banned from participating because of the notoriety of "traitors", and even colleagues and friends who had been together for many years avoided her. Faced with this tragic situation, Guan Lu was mentally prepared before she agreed to become an undercover agent.
She did not argue, and even when she met her former friends on the road, she pretended not to know, and in her opinion, it was better not to know, so as not to burden her friends.
After that, in various social occasions, Lu's figure was mentioned, and she was really doing her best to provide important intelligence for the party and the organization, avoiding many losses and casualties. In "The Sound of the Wind", Zhou Xun plays the spy "Old Ghost" (Gu Xiaomeng), who is based on Guan Lu.
In this way, except for her counterpart Pan Hannian, no one else knew Guan Lu's undercover identity, and Guan Lu had been carrying the insult of "female traitor" and had endured humiliation and burden to collect a lot of valuable and important intelligence for our party.
Finally, after several years undercover, Guan Lu successfully rebelled against Li Shiqun and successfully left the "No. 76 Demon Cave" that everyone spits on.
However, because Guan completed the task with a revealing appearance, her abilities were recognized by the organization, and she soon accepted a new task.
That is, to enter the magazine "Female Voice" under the control of the Japanese Admiralty as an editor, waiting for the opportunity to approach the female president of the magazine, Sato, and then contact more Japanese leftists through her to obtain more Japanese intelligence.
This undercover job was more arduous than the previous task, knowing that Japan was a "cancerous" existence in the eyes of the Japanese at that time. At this time, when he entered the magazine founded by the Japanese, he also had to establish good relations with them, and Guan Lu's title of "traitor" was completely confirmed.
For this reason, Su Qing, who is also one of the four talented women, has publicly ridiculed Guan Lu's pro-Japanese behavior... In the face of people's verbal criticism, Guan Lu still chose silence, because she knew that as long as she opened her defense, there was a danger of exposure.
However, Guan Lu participated in a "literary conference" at an invitation from Sato, and after this conference, Guan Lu was publicized in the newspaper, and her photos and experiences were exposed, becoming a complete "big han traitor" and "pro-Japanese thief" in the hearts of the Chinese people at that time.
In this way, with the help of Guan Lu, the CCP established contacts with Japanese Professor Akita, from which a large number of Japanese military movements were obtained, laying the foundation for the victory of the War of Resistance.
In the years of being a "traitor", Guan Lu often needed to do something contrary to her original intention in order to cover her identity, such as when Li Shiqun died violently at home, she came forward to clear relations for the Japanese side.
These practices have caused her more infamy, and even radical people have the idea of "killing and then fast", and the progressive media in society at that time also criticized all kinds of "shameful" behaviors...
At this time, Guan Lu is really "dumb to eat Huang Lian, and there is bitterness that cannot be said."
However, if you give up now, all the work you have done before will be abandoned, you will not be able to complete the tasks assigned by the organization, and you will not get valuable information, which may affect the victory of the War of Resistance. Thinking of this, Guan Lu gritted her teeth again and persevered.
04 The stigma of "traitors" is difficult to clear and then severed by loved ones
In the scolding of the whole country, Guan Lu could not withstand the pressure of her heart and gradually became depressed, and at this time, her heart was extremely lonely and helpless.
Every night when it was quiet, she looked at the photo left by her beloved Wang Bingnan and silently wept, and it was this photo and the vow of "you care about me for a while, I care about you for a lifetime" that supported her to continue her life.
In the depths of her heart, she firmly believed that when the revolution was victorious, she could stay with her beloved, she could live frankly in the days when she could see the light, and she thought that even if she could not go down in history, she could retreat to the countryside.
But reality gave her a hard punch.
On August 15, 1945, Japan announced its surrender, which also meant the complete end of her stealth mission. I thought that I could finally get rid of the notoriety of "traitor" I was carrying, but I didn't.
With the help of Zhou Enlai, Guan Lu escaped the Kuomintang's action to eliminate the traitors and came to the huaiyin new fourth army base area.
However, in the hearts of everyone, the crime of "traitor" in her body has been deeply rooted and difficult to clear. Even if you walk on the street, there will still be people who do not know the truth and scold her. For this reason, Guan Lu had to undergo political censorship.
Why did he sacrifice so much, endure humiliation and burden for so many years, but in the end he was in exchange for a piece of infamy? She didn't understand what was wrong.
With the lack of recognition and acceptance by everyone, the rekindled "light of hope" in Guan Lu's heart slowly extinguished, and the spiritual support was close to collapse.
However, what really extinguished the "light of hope" in the heart of this female agent was the letter of determination from his beloved Wang Bingnan.
In 1946, Guan Lu and Wang Bingnan were reunited after a 7-year absence in the Liberated Area, and the old relationship was renewed, and the original two had reached the point of talking about marriage.
However, one day Guan Lu received a handwritten letter from Wang Bingnan, the content of which was not the wedding news she was looking forward to, but a letter of determination to break off relations with her, which made Guan Lu, who was originally full of hope for the future, completely collapse.
At that time, Wang Bingnan served as a member of the CHINESE delegation in the Kuomintang-Communist negotiations, and the head of the representative was Zhou Enlai, which can also be said to be Zhou Enlai's right hand.
At this time, Guan Lu's "traitor" crime has not been completely cleared, and if the organization agrees to his love affair with Guan Lu, it is bound to have an adverse impact on the party.
For the honor of the party, Wang Bingnan, who has a strong party spirit, finally chose to give up this relationship, endured the pain and severed the relationship with Guan Lu, and drew a clear line.
A generation of talented women, a generation of female agents, did not wait for the arrival of their beloved, nor did they wait for the promise of "caring for your life".
After receiving Wang Bingnan's letter of severance, Guan Lu completely broke down and also suffered from severe schizophrenia. Later, he was implicated by his former boss, Pan Hannian, and was imprisoned twice in 1955 and 1967, for a total of ten years.
Ten years of imprisonment, for a woman who has no emotional pillar and hope for life, it is like a year, but Guan Lu did not choose to live lightly, but has always insisted, even if she suffers from severe arthritis, her throat is sore...
But even after such torture, her charges have not been cleared, and she is still a "big traitor" in the eyes of the world.
05 The stigma was finally rehabilitated but regrettably passed away
In 1980, Guan Lu unfortunately suffered from cerebral thrombosis, and since then she has been bedridden and basically incapacitated, but what is she still stubbornly insisting on?
Until March 23, 1982, the leaders of the Central Organization Department and the Ministry of Culture came to Guan Lu's small house of more than ten square meters and read out the decision on rehabilitation in front of her, listening to this decision that had been waiting for 43 years, Guan Lu showed a smile that had been missing for a long time, she finally waited for the answer she wanted, and she finally let go.
7 months later, the widowed old man chose to end his life in a decisive way, holding a only plastic doll, leaving a sentence to his former lover Wang Bingnan, "A ghost dream is close to whom, the lover of the ages I am alone", quietly left, innocently gone!
Looking back on Guan Lu's life, it can be said that guan Lu had a lot of fate, losing his father at an early age, losing his mother at a young age, and resolutely carrying the notoriety of "han traitor" for 43 years for the victory of the revolution, and enduring humiliation and burden for many years.
Finally survived until the victory of the revolution, but still could not wash away the notoriety, and had to be separated from the beloved, until he was tormented by the disease, like a withered mallet, he waited for the belated rehabilitation book. A generation of talented women, a generation of heroines, just left the world!
In the long course of history, there are many unknown heroes like Guan Lu, who sacrificed a lot and made important contributions to the victory of the revolution.
Perhaps their contributions have been buried for various reasons, or perhaps their deeds have not been understood by future generations, but this does not erase their contributions to the great cause, facts speak louder than words, and I believe that the heroes' exploits will have the day when the truth is revealed!
Reference articles
[1] Nanjing University News Network: Guan Lu's legendary life
[2] Tencent.com: Female agent Guan Lu: Went into the Wang Pseudo-Demon Cave alone, was imprisoned twice after liberation, was rehabilitated but chose to commit suicide