In the history of opera, what are the stories of Wang Xiuling?

Teacher Wang Xiuling, a famous opera artist, a master of opera, a famous opera performance artist, the founder of the opera Wangpai art, an outstanding representative figure of opera, a national first-class actor, an old artist of opera, and a first-generation actress of opera.

A thousand readers may have a thousand "Dream of the Red Chamber" in their hearts, and there will also be about a thousand Lin Daiyu. In 1987, the TV drama version of "Dream of the Red Chamber" caused a great sensation as soon as it was broadcast on CCTV. Chen Xiaoxu, the actor of Lin Daiyu in the play, has almost become the only Lin Daiyu in the audience's heart, but for a period of time before that, in the hearts of Henan audiences, Lin Daiyu was someone else. The old man was already eighty-three years old at the time, and she was only twenty-one years old when she played Sister Lin.

After the propaganda, college students watched, some watched continuously, and after watching it, after the end of the play at night, they did not leave, and they cried all the time when they lay there. Dai Yu is not dead, Bao Yu is gone, they are all crying and screaming. At that time, "Dream of the Red Chamber" brought itself out, and its own reputation also came out, and Wang Xiuling played Lin Daiyu.

This play brought the opera, which was born and raised in the countryside of Henan, onto a new stage, and gradually developed into the second largest genre in Henan today. Wang Xiuling, who was born in 1935, was born in a time of war, when the Japanese devils were about to enter, and had already begun to enter, and she fled back from Wuhan with her mother. From the time I remember playing her, I was running east and west with her father and mother, and there was no home, that is, where to perform, that was home.

Wang Xiuling's father, Wang Junqing, was one of the earlier opera actors, so Wang Xiuling followed her father to learn to sing small songs and perform outside from an early age. When she remembers, her father had been walking on stilts with them all day, and she would follow, fun. He sang a sentence by himself to learn a sentence, mouth pass, this is called oral transmission, learned to ask her to sing herself, sing herself almost, and then sing on the strings. He would also say that you remember where your fingers went, who you want to see, you just point and look, you don't look around, that's it, he'll teach her this.

At the age of six, because of a chance, Wang Xiuling debuted on the stage and showed the aura of performance. At the age of nine, the starring "Seven Fairies" gradually became famous in the Luohe area of Xuchang, Henan, and was praised by the audience as a nine-year-old red. Tang Xicheng watched her play, and he called her over, "Yatou, Yatou, come here, you learn Yu opera, learn Yu opera with me," he said. "I teach you a few words you sing, as soon as you learn it yourself, sing a few sentences yourself, sing a few sentences, her father does not let her sing, you don't sing Yu opera, Zizi opera, do not ask her to sing Zi zi opera, why, Zi Zi opera worship God, it is followed by a Zhuang Wangye, he has become a drama, once sung, it will not enter the old grave, just like this." Our song is called a thing, that is, happy to sing, unhappy to break up, not a formal play.

Qu opera is a local drama popular in Henan, formerly known as Gaotai qu or quzi opera, and the main accompaniment instruments are Quhu, Sanxin, Guzheng and so on. In 1926, the Tongle Society, composed of farmers from Linru County (now Ruzhou City), was first moved to the opera stage, thus officially developing into a type of opera. Tan Jingbo said: "They all say small songs, at that time they all said small songs, how it became the second largest drama in Henan, why it is so fast, is that its foundation is very thick, but it can conform to the times, it is very lifelike, its performance, it is very simple and very grounded, just say that it sings a homely short, life drama, it is very connected with the people." Song Xiyuan said: "Lively, crying, laughing, muttering, lively is Yu opera, crying and laughing is opera." The tune of the opera is good at singing crying and phonology. Twittering, little twittering, that's more than tune. ”

Erqi Square, decades ago, this area was once the most prosperous place in Zhengzhou, with Beijing Tianqiao, Tianjin Sanwu no matter the same name, by the old Zhengzhou people called the old grave. Since the 1920s, the eight theaters in Lao Cemetery have produced a large number of local opera artists, including Wang Xiuling. "This is the old graveyard, and the theater may be in this piece." Oh, Hualian. This road used to be very narrow, and when performing "Dream of the Red Chamber", the cars lined up in two rows, from this road to the side of Jiefang Road. Pinch your feet, sell it, say crosstalk, it can be full, balls, peppery soup, fritters are everything, here. A period before the liberation of Zhengzhou, liberation in 1949, it may be 1948, 1948, 1947 I don't know, just at this time, their drama club came to Zhengzhou, that is, the old cemetery in Zhengzhou. On the eve of liberation, when the war was raging, no one watched the drama and people ran away. After running away, they are left with only one family, and they are a couple. In the old cemetery, almost all the content of eating, drinking and entertainment in Zhengzhou is a place where artists and traders can settle down, where there is human sorrow and righteousness. At that time, Wang Xiuling's father went out to perform in order to earn money for food, but when he returned, he accidentally fell off the train and broke his leg. At that time, there was no money on the train, and everyone picked up the train, picked up the train, sat there. As soon as they went, they went to the platform to look at it, and saw her father, and her father was waving there, and as soon as the train entered the station, wasn't there a wire in the middle, hanging the person in front of him, her father was very close to him, hanging on him, he threw him down, dragged her father down, carried her to the hospital, people looked, how much money does this cost, you don't have money, you can't see it. They had no money, they had wanted to find a place to eat, and this fell into this, where to get the money, and without money, her mother carried him back again. There is a cross-talker called Zhang Fool, his stage name is Zhang Fool, everyone says so, ask this Nell to follow him shopping. What is called shopping, you have seen what La Erhu is called, "Erquan Yingyue" that, have seen that, I am just like that, a person behind him pulls, a xiaoni walks in front, he is like that, he has such a big bowl, he follows him, he will not speak, he walks in front, he follows in the back. This one and that, and that's it for a while.

In 1949, due to the sluggish performance market and single repertoire, the Zhengzhou XinshengQu Opera Society was struggling, and the president Li Jinbo, after watching Wang Xiuling's performance, decided that she might be the one who could help the troupe get out of its predicament. Subsequently, Wang Xiuling was poached by Li Jinbo and became the only actress in the Xinsheng Opera Club. In order to find a way out, the whole company went to Xi'an, which was five years. She remembered the stuffy car, sat in the corner of the car, couldn't afford to buy a ticket, sat inside, got off in Xi'an, she didn't know the east, west, north and south, covered up for a day and a night, how slow the car was, walked a day and a night to get to Xi'an. They went there to develop very quickly, the original freshman opera club is her own actress, nothing else, and then only one actress herself is not enough, accept students, but many female students, children to sign up to want to learn opera, that Henan villagers want to learn opera, they accepted some students. Later, several leaders also made money and hired teachers. From there, they invited two Peking Opera teachers, like the big troupe, who had to get up at six o'clock every morning to shout and practice.

Returning to Zhengzhou again was already in 1955, and Wang Xiuling was twenty years old. In the following year, Zhengzhou Xinsheng Opera Society was transformed into a state-run opera troupe and renamed Zhengzhou Ququ Troupe. The opera "Dream of the Red Chamber", written and arranged by Xu Jiqiu and Yue Jun, became the first problem to test the new troupe. Lin Daiyu, who has the temperament of a poet, is also a big challenge for Wang Xiuling, who has not attended school for a few days. Little by little, she nibbled on the three works herself, so after reading this book, a very beautiful, very beautiful little girl appeared in her mind, sending people under the fence, and such an image appeared. Since then, I have loved to look at paintings, female figures, my own love to look at female figures, and seeing female figures has greatly inspired me, so I created this image of Daiyu.

Wang Xiuling instructed the students in "Dream of the Red Chamber", "This scene is all yours, this stage is all yours", "This is a small round field". "Fly with the flowers, fly, turn a circle, fly, fly here, to the end of the sky, you must rush up, good or bad." Fall inside, put it down, look at it, there is a petal here, pick it up, pick it up, have ash, give it a bullet, put it in, crouch here and bury it, bury it, hand this way, the flower falls and people die, I don't know, this sentence is sung by you. "At that time, this scene rehearsed the funeral flowers, I felt that I had to add something, not add things, just standing there and singing, she designed it herself, in the funeral flowers, flowers and flowers flew all over the sky, which she designed an action called lying fish. Slowly, lying down, lying down and then slowly getting up, the audience at the bottom is very acknowledged. I always lie down to the half-cut, and I applaud myself at the bottom, and there is applause every time.

Before the performance of the opera "Dream of the Red Chamber", most of the tones of the operas in Zhengzhou and Luoyang adopted the form of miscellaneous minor keys, including "Yang tone", "Cut indigo flower", "poem" and more than ten others. After "Dream of the Red Chamber", the opera began to popularize the new singing method of Luoyang minor key and Nanyang major key fusion singing, enriching the form of singing cavity. Tan Jingbo said: "I feel that "Dream of the Red Chamber" needs to have that kind of literati atmosphere and need character cultural connotations, it is just a small key, lively and cheerful, small key things are not enough, some things it can't come out of that atmosphere. At this time, it is necessary to put some things in the Nanyang major key, the section of the funeral flower, the section of the burial flower is the flower that flies all over the sky, the soul is gone, and who has pity This sentence is the "Taihu Lake" major key that is used. It is that you need this emotion, you need this elegant taste, especially the tragic singing and sighing, the lingering sad atmosphere. ”

Lin Daiyu, played by Wang Xiuling, has been recognized by many college students and workers, and there are two performances a day, the venue is full, and people often start queuing up in the middle of the night with a quilt to buy tickets. Just when "Dream of the Red Chamber" was in full swing, Wang Xiuling got a chance to study in Beijing. This entry into Beijing played a crucial role in the formation of the entire Wang school of art. His class teacher is Mr. Mei Lanfang, and the deputies are Cheng Yanqiu, Luo Heru, all of whom are famous masters. They took turns to give us lectures, and Mr. Mei talked about that eye, how to use the eyes and eyes for a morning. The original opera has no formal things, it does not have stylized things, it is very life, I should perform something, but also learn that stilt twist, learn the old artist to twist like this, it does not know how to twist, do not know how to compare, hand and eye body steps, singing and reading do not understand.

When she went to Beijing to study as a representative of the whole group, Wang Xiuling's child had just turned nine months old. In order not to waste this opportunity, This year, Wang Xiuling spent almost in the classroom and practice room. So she was hungry, she said how we don't have so many things in the opera, I have to learn it can't be learned, so people go out to play on Sundays, she doesn't go out to play, she just practices at home, practices to death. After practicing blanket exercises, I practiced the combinations, reviewed all the combinations I learned, I had to bring them back, I had this kind of thinking, my later artistic improvement, after the age of twenty, all depended on that time to go to school.

Twin sisters Gao Yuming and Gao Yuhui are newcomers to the Henan Provincial Opera Troupe and re-disciples of Wang Xiuling. Today (that day at the time) they wanted to ask Wang Xiuling to come out of the mountain again to help them achieve good results in the show a month later. Wang Xiuling instructed the students to pack the "Wind and Snow Match" into a fold: "Very shrewd, I will take the thread for you, snap a take, oh, so pouting, the line has not yet closed." You don't "the line is not yet closed" and stretched so long, it is not good, it is not good, it is not good. "A few years ago, due to physical reasons, Wang Xiuling's voice could no longer sing, but she made expression movements as if she was still a little girl." This is all good-looking, a little shy," student: "The face is too unrelenting, the face is almost vicious." Gao Qiufang in "Wind and Snow Match" is another classic character created by Wang Xiuling. In 1959, following "Dream of the Red Chamber", the Zhengzhou Qu Opera Troupe choreographed a large-scale costume play "Wind and Snow Match", in which Wang Xiuling skillfully combined the performances of Boudoir Dan and Hua Dan to create a unique Boudoir Hua Dan in wang Pai art.

For example, you snap to the front, go to the table to be embarrassed about that energy, just like this, walk around, put your hands together, it's like this, oh, just like a child, just like this, you name it Doll Step. Tan Jingbo said: "'Wind and Snow Matching' is three small plays, Xiaosheng, Xiaodan, and Clown, but Wang Xiuling created, especially this Gao Qiufang she created, she put that kind of delicate, that kind of small family jasper, lyrical and relaxed kind of light comedy style, it can be said that she played to the extreme."

In the performance of the two scenes of boxing and cave room, Wang Xiuling vividly created a delicate and cute big girl show.