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Quarantine pests
Tomato brown wrinkled fruit virus
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), belonging to the baculoviridae family, tobacco mosaic virus genus. The virus was first detected in 2014 on tomatoes grown in greenhouses in Israel.
01 Distribution
At present, a total of 28 countries with tomato brown wrinkled fruit virus have been clearly reported: China, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, United Kingdom, Portugal, Switzerland, Slovenia, Estonia, Austria, Norway, Bulgaria, Hungary, Malta, Mexico, the United States, Israel, Jordan, Turkey, Palestine, Egypt.
02 Symptoms of onset
ToBRFV infestation of tomato leaves: the main symptoms are flower leaves, dark green protrusions, leaf narrowing, necrosis when the leaf veins are severely yellowed, the number of flowers and fruits is reduced, yellow or brown patches appear on the fruit, the fruit becomes smaller, wrinkles appear, and severe fruit stem necrosis occurs.
Figures A and B: Symptoms of infected tomato leaves; Figure C: Symptoms of infected tomato fruit sepals; Figure D: Uneven coloring of infected tomato fruits; Figure E: Small, brown spots of infected tomato fruits; Fig. F: Uneven coloring of infected tomato fruits, resulting in brown wrinkles.
ToBRFV infestation of peppers: symptoms are stunted plants, wrinkles and yellow mottles on the leaves, and malformations of the fruit.
Fig. G: Symptoms of flowering and malformations of infected capsicum leaves; Fig. H: Brown patches produced by infecting cayenne pepper fruits.
03 Degree of harm
In October 2014, tomatoes in a village in southern Israel covered an area of 12.14 hectares and spread to most tomato-growing areas in Israel in less than a year.
In April 2015, the incidence of ToBRFV on tomatoes in Jordan was close to 100%.
In September 2018, the incidence area of tomatoes in the southern greenhouse of California was about 3.24 hectares.
At the end of 2018, the incidence of tomatoes in parts of Palestine was 100%.
04 Host
The natural hosts are tomatoes, peppers.
Friction inoculation can infect tobacco, heart leaf tobacco, Bunsen tobacco, American flower tobacco, Cleveland tobacco, Quinoa quinoa, wall quinoa, Amaranth quinoa, mandala, and yangjin flower.
05 Propagation methods
01 Contact transmission. Spread through contaminated tools, hands, clothing, and direct contact between plants. Spread through contaminated tools, hands, clothing, and direct contact between plants.
02 Seed propagation. ToBRFV can be present in the seed coat and endosperm, and traditional seed disinfection treatments cannot completely and effectively control the virus. Once a seed contaminated with the virus grows into a strain that becomes a strain, the virus can spread rapidly in greenhouses through contact. ToBRFV can be present in the seed coat and endosperm, and traditional seed disinfection treatments cannot completely and effectively control the virus. Once a seed contaminated with the virus grows into a strain that becomes a strain, the virus can spread rapidly in greenhouses through contact.
03 Contaminated soil. The virus remains infested for months in plant debris and contaminated soil. The virus remains infested for months in plant debris and contaminated soil.
04 Weed hosts. The virus can infect Quinoa weeds but does not present with symptoms. These weeds can be used as a source of infection with the virus. The virus can infect Quinoa weeds but does not present with symptoms. These weeds can be used as a source of infection with the virus.
05 Bumblebee spread. Bumblebees can transmit the virus to healthy plants through mechanical contact during pollination.
06 List ToBRFV as
Countries of phytosanitary pests
In April 2021, ToBRFV was included in the Directory of Quarantine Pests of Imported Plants of the People's Republic of China by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.
Countries such as Russia, the European Union, the United States, Australia, Turkey, New Zealand, Chile, Argentina, Russia, Kazakhstan, and Thailand also classify ToBRFV as a phytosanitary pest.
Customs has increased the monitoring of Export Tomato and Pepper Seed Bases and ToBRFV for Export fresh Tomatoes and Pepper Bases, and strengthened import and export quarantine. At the same time, strengthen the collection of foreign plant epidemic information, pay attention to the dynamics of foreign plant epidemic information in a timely manner, and guard the security of the country.
The above content is for reference only, please indicate the source "12360 Customs Hotline" when reprinting
Some of the images are from the web
Contributed by: Manzhouli Customs
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