BRM1A: 33, 34 Jade fish pair
Right BRM1A: 33 Length 8, width 2.3, thickness 0.2 cm
Left BRM1A: 34 length 8, width 2.3, thickness 0.2 cm
This pair of jade fish is similar in jade, all are turquoise jade, with dark green patches, black sesame spots on the jade at the muzzle, partial albinism, and attachments such as cinnabar. The perforation is made of Cheng Drill two-way drilling, the two pieces of jade are similar in jade, the same size, but the shape and contour do not completely match, which is the work after the same jade is "folio-shaped".
In the position of the BORM1 A:33 punched on both sides, there is a long straight positioning line that is rotated with a stone tool before the hole is punched. The arc shape may be limited by the original shape of the jade, and the ornamentation is relatively simple, and no detail processing is carried out after completion, so obvious traces of primary processing can be seen. It can be seen from the characteristics of the ornament "wide and deep in the middle, and shallow in the two ends", which is the result of the processing of the stoneware; Even the rounded eye area is made of thin and polished short lines. This pair of jade fish partially overlapped, excavated on the right side of the tomb owner's chest, the jade of the overlapping part is well preserved, and the rest of the jade is more seriously affected due to contact with the coffin environment. Similar-looking jade fish have also been unearthed in Zhangjiapo (M170: 91).
"An Important Breakthrough in the Study of the Origin of the City: Reading the Excavation Briefing of the Eighty Heng Ruins, and Talking about the Banpo Ruins as the Site of the City"
Zhang Xuehai, Archaeology and Cultural Relics, No. 1, 1999, pp. 36-43
This paper studies the origin of Chinatown based on the data of the 80-block ring moat earth enclosure settlement. After re-reading the stratigraphic data, it is believed that the ditch of the Bashihun settlement was built in the early pengtou mountain culture of the site, and the digging of the ditch and the construction of the wall were synchronized, and the wall may be consistent with the eighty-block Pengtoushan cultural settlement, and the wall and the ring trench complement each other, and jointly undertake the function of guarding the settlement. The ring moat enclosure of the site is of the shallow trench low wall type. This shallow ditch low wall can not effectively block the enemy's invasion, but the ring trench can protect against wild animals and play a role in ensuring the safety of children and domestic animals. The original intention of the wall may have been to block flooding and keep the settlement from flooding, so there was no need to pile the wall high. Flood prevention may therefore be a cause of the construction of settlement walls. Settlements without the threat of flooding may have only ring trenches and no walls, so the emergence of settlement walls did not immediately replace settlement ring trenches. However, the role of the wall will become more and more prominent in terms of the overall development trend, so that it will develop into a city wall. The Eighty Ridge Settlement is at a stage where the trench wall is equally important and each plays a different function, which can be called the ring trench soil enclosure settlement, which represents the transitional form from the ring trench settlement to the earthen enclosure settlement.
As a fortified residential site, the city is a military facility to resist the enemy's invasion and ensure the safety of people's lives and property, so only when there is a war in society, can there be a city, and the city is produced with the emergence of war. At the same time, war can only arise after the emergence of surplus products of labor and the initial development, and the emergence of war has prompted the transformation of the surrounding moat settlements into cities. The discovery of the Eighty-Block Pengtou Mountain Cultural Ring Moat Soil Enclosure Settlement proves that the city has indeed been transformed from the Tuwei Settlement, and its construction techniques and methods of digging ditches to build walls and combining ring trenches with earthen enclosures have opened a precedent for the construction techniques and methods of a large number of prehistoric city walls such as Chengtoushan Daxi Culture Early City. The major archaeological discoveries of the Liyang Plain settlement have made us re-examine the nature of some of the 7th millennium sites, of which the Xi'an Banpo site is the most worthy of attention. The author believes that the large wei ditch in the early stage of the Banpo site was a ring trench, and the site belonged to the ring trench settlement; In the late period, after the abandonment of the Great Wai Ditch, that is, the ring trench, the city wall was built on it, so the ruins of the late Banpo are the site of the city. In view of this, it is necessary to carry out appropriate dissection of the Banpo site.
The source of the text is "Research Outline of the Origin of Chinese Civilization", published by Cultural Relics Publishing House in December 2003
Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Research Center for Ancient Civilizations, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, ed
The pictures and illustrations are from the book "National Jade", edited by the Aurora Civilization Research Center of Peking University, and published in 2010