[Military Sub-Plane] By Friedrich Lau
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Based on relevant information and pictures published on the Internet and social networks, this article collates and analyzes the various types of artillery used by Russian and Ukrainian forces in this conflict. This article is the second part of the full text, mainly introducing the various types of rockets equipped by the Russian army and the various types of artillery used by the Ukrainian artillery.
▲ Ukrainian hail rockets captured by luhansk militia
thirteen. BM-21 "Hail" 122mm multiple rocket launcher
The BM-21 Hail is a 122mm vehicle-mounted multiple rocket launcher developed by the Soviet Union in the early 1960s. It entered Soviet service in 1963 to replace the old 140mmBM-14 multi-tube system. The BM-21 is mainly used as a suppressive firepower, covering the enemy positions and destroying the enemy's will to resist. The BM-21 can be launched directly from the cab and remotely controlled with a 64-meter cable. The maximum range of the standard rocket is 20 km, and the use of new rockets can increase the range to 35-40 km.
fourteen. BM-27 "Hurricane" 220mm multiple rocket launcher
The BM-27 self-propelled multiple rocket launcher system, first seen in 1977, was mounted on the chassis of the ZIL-135LM8x8 truck. It is mainly used to strike at group targets, soft targets and armored vehicles, as well as military and industrial defense facilities. It is possible to carry out all-weather strikes under nuclear, biological and chemical conditions. With a range of 35-40 km and a rate of fire of up to 1 round per second, reloading can be completed within 20 minutes after one round of blows.
fifteen. BM-30 "Hail" 300mm multi-barrel rocket launcher system
The BM-30 multiple rocket launchers first appeared in 1983 and entered service with the Soviets in 1987. It is mainly used to attack tactical missile systems, ground units of land aviation, as well as rocket artillery, artillery and mortar groups, command posts and enemy concentration sites. The launcher is equipped with 12 launch tubes and can launch 9M55K type 300mm rockets with a minimum range of 20 kilometers and a maximum range of 70 kilometers.
XVI.2B17 "Tornado-G" 122 mm multiple rocket launcher system
The 2B-17 is an improved version of the BM-21 rocket launch system, using camas or Ural-4320 trucks as the chassis, and the 2B17 has fewer gun crews than the BM-21 launch team. The rocket launcher system is equipped with 40 122 mm launch tubes, equipped with the GLONAS satellite navigation system on the top of the cockpit, which can launch upgraded 122 mm M538, 9 M539 and 9 M541 high-explosive/armor-piercing shells with a maximum range of 30 km. According to the Russian military, the latest rockets have a maximum range of up to 90 kilometers.
seventeen. TOS-1A 220mm Spitfire tank
Designed and manufactured by Ural Vehicle Manufacturing Co., Ltd., the TOS-1A is equipped with a 24/30 combined 220 mm rocket launch nest, mainly used for infantry and tank fire support, and in various offensive and defensive operations, the use of thermobaric bombs to kill and injure enemy infantry swarms or personnel hidden in bunkers in large areas, as well as to incapacitate light armored vehicles. With an effective range of 400 to 6,000 meters, a salvo can cover the target in 6 seconds, and the TOS-1A is equipped with four 902G smoke emitters, which are arranged on both sides of the front section of the hull to produce smoke through the exhaust of the engine.
Ukrainian artillery armament
One. MT-12 100mm towed anti-tank gun
Like the Russians, the MT-12 towed anti-tank gun, developed in the late 1960s and in service for nearly 60 years, is an improved version of the T-12 anti-tank gun that fires different types of ammunition, including tail stabilized shell-piercing shells (APFSDS), high-explosive shells (HEAT) and high-explosive flap shells (HE-FRAG). Among them, the maximum range of APFSDS shells is 3 kilometers, the maximum range of high-explosive projectiles is 5.95 kilometers, and the maximum range of high-explosive fragments is 8.2 kilometers.
II. D-30 122mm towed howitzer
As with the Russians, the Ukrainian D-30 towed howitzer, codenamed 2A18, was designed by the Petrov Design Bureau of the USSR on the basis of the M-30 122 mm howitzer and produced by the Ninth Arsenal. It entered service in 1963. The Soviets were equipped with 72 each motorized infantry division and 36 tank divisions. It is mainly used to kill and injure the enemy's living forces, destroy field fortifications and other tasks. The D-30 has a maximum rate of fire of 6-8 rounds per minute and can fire high-explosive flakes, tail stabilized armor-breaking shells, and dispensable shells. The maximum range when firing a standard high-explosive bomb is 15.4 km.
Three. 2A36 Giatsint-B 152mm field gun
The 2A36 Giatsint-B is a Soviet-made towed 152mm field gun that entered service in 1975. Due to the heavier weight of the 2A36, a KRAZ-255B heavy truck is required for traction. The 2A36 can fire a wide range of 152mm shells, including high-explosive, rocket range extended, armor-piercing, illuminated and smoke grenades. The maximum range for firing standard shells is 27 km and the maximum range range for firing rocket extenders is 40 km.
Four. 2A65 Msta-B 152mm howitzer
As with the Russians, the 2A65 Msta-B was a Soviet towed 152mm howitzer. The "B" in the name is an abbreviation for towed type, with a maximum range of 28.9 km.
Five. 2S1 type 122mm tracked self-propelled howitzer
As equipped with the Russians, the 2S1 Gvozdika is a Soviet-made 122mm tracked self-propelled howitzer. The first prototype rolled off production rolled off the production line in 1969, entered Soviet service in the early 1970s, and made its public debut at a parade of the Polish Army in 1974. The 2S1 Gvosdika fires all 122mm shells developed for the D-30 howitzer, including fragmented, high-explosive, cluster, smoke and flares. The vehicle is stocked with 40 rounds, usually in the configuration of 35 high-explosive flakes and 5 high-explosives, and the maximum range when firing high-explosive flakes is 15.2 km.
Six. BM-27 "Hurricane" 220mm multiple rocket launcher
The BM-27 self-propelled multiple rocket launcher system, first seen in 1977, was mounted on the chassis of the ZIL-135LM8x8 truck. It is mainly used to strike at group targets, soft targets and armored vehicles, as well as military and industrial defense facilities. It is possible to carry out all-weather strikes under nuclear, biological and chemical conditions. With a range of 35-40 km and a rate of fire of up to 1 round per second, reloading can be completed within 20 minutes after one round of blows.
Seven. ZU-23 23mm anti-aircraft gun
The ZU-23 Soviet-made towed 23mm anti-aircraft double-barreled automatic gun was developed in the late 1950s to replace the ZPU series of anti-aircraft guns, which could be used against low-altitude targets at a range of 2.5 km and lightly armored vehicles at a range of 2 km.
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