Chairman Mao once commented on Marshal Zhu De and said: "The belly is as big as the sea, and the will is as strong as steel." It accurately summarizes The magnanimous character and steel-strong convictions of Zhu De. Mao Zedong also personally inscribed "the glory of the people" for Zhu De's sixtieth birthday.
The older generation of revolutionaries all have the kind of vigor of "holding fast to the green mountains and not relaxing", and marshal Zhu De is the same. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhu De did not slacken off at all, and devoted himself to the construction of new China with all his heart.
In his later years, Zhu De was deeply tormented by illness, and he did not forget the great goal of building a new China, and still worked diligently and earnestly on state affairs and people's livelihood.
On July 6, 1976, half a year after Premier Zhou left, a generation of founding marshal Zhu De also left us forever. Seven months after Marshal Zhu De's death, his wife, Kang Keqing, reported three things to Wang Dongxing, director of the General Office of the CENTRAL Committee, and asked him for approval.
Marshal Zhu De's wife, Kang Keqing, reported to the Central Committee which three things need approval? What kind of leader is Jude?
Hand in hand for 50 years, the revolution is stormy
In the revolutionary years, Zhu De and Kang Keqing shared hardships and hardships, and their common faith made them live and die together, and they spent the era of war and smoke together; after the founding of the country, they kept each other and walked hand in hand through the years of peace.
Zhu De and Kang Keqing are the best Communist Party members, and the two have deeply integrated their emotions into the party's cause, beyond half a century of years, without a vigorous oath, only the silent companionship of moisturizers.
"Companionship is the longest confession of affection" perfectly interprets the feelings between Zhu De and the two.
Both were revolutionary fighters and first met Jinggangshan, the base of the Red Revolution.
In 1928, Kang Keqing followed the guerrillas to Jinggangshan and became one of the first female Red Army in the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base Area. On Jinggang Mountain, she became acquainted with Zhu De, the commander of the Red Fourth Army, who made the enemy feel frightened.
At that time, Wu Ruolan (Marshal Zhu De's second wife) was killed by the enemy army in Ganzhou City, and Zhu De was sad. However, the troops fought frequently along the way, and Zhu De, as the commander of the army, could only hold the grief tightly in his heart.
But the pain of losing his wife and the longing for his wife always lingered, and when the troops settled down, this sadness was irrepressibly revealed...
All this was seen by Chairman Mao and by enthusiastic female comrades such as He Zizhen. In the evening, Chairman Mao said to He Zizhen: "Zizhen, Commander Zhu jun's heart is very uncomfortable, do you see it?" ”
He Zizhen said, "How good are Sister Ruolan and Sister Ruolan, and now that Sister Ruolan has sacrificed, how can he not be sad?" ”
Chairman Mao and He Zizhen discussed how to get Marshal Zhu De out of his sorrow, so He Zizhen suggested that Marshal Zhu De be introduced to an object and asked him to come out as soon as possible. Chairman Mao thought it was very reasonable, so he decided to introduce the object to Marshal Zhu De as soon as possible.
The task was given to He Zizhen and the others, who thought of Kang Keqing, who was in the special agent company of the Thirty-first Regiment at that time, and thought that this girl was good, and planned to introduce this female Red Army comrade to Marshal Zhu De.
The first time the two met was after the troops conquered Changting, Fujian, when Zhu De went to the women's group to talk to the female soldiers. At that time, Zhu De was deeply impressed by Kang Keqing's self-motivation, simplicity and innocence.
Kang Keqing once frankly expressed his concept of marriage and love: "I can tell you that my marriage is the marriage of the proletariat. As long as the other party has a resolute revolutionary attitude, is of high moral character, is willing to dedicate himself to the party, and is like-minded with me, age and power are not a problem. ”
Zhu De and his wife Kang Keqing
Therefore, when Kang Keqing knew that the object of He Zizhen's introduction to him was Marshal Zhu De, his mind was full of thoughts. As an obscure female warrior, of course, familiar with the famous Commander Zhu, what really impressed her was an incident that happened when the Red Fourth Front army left Jinggangshan on its way to Gannan.
The troops marched forward on the ground full of frost and snow, and when it was getting late, Kang Keqing's secret service company had just been resettled in the homes of the masses, Zhu De and the regimental commander came to check the resettlement of the troops. Marshal Zhu De inspected the soldiers' bunks one by one, felt how thick the straw was, and asked the soldiers about their physical condition.
When Marshal Zhu De saw that the straw shoes on Kang Keqing's feet were rotten and could not be worn, he touched her head affectionately and said, "Little devil, you can use straw to mend the straw shoes tonight." ”
At nightfall, Kang Keqing was twisting straw in the faint light of the fire. Just then a guard from the military headquarters came, carrying a new pair of straw shoes, saying that the commander had sent him, worried that she would not be able to mend the straw shoes at night. Kang Keqing took the straw shoes, and a warm current surged in his heart: "Commander Zhu is really considerate of the soldiers!" ”
Commander Zhu was kind and kind, cared deeply for the soldiers, and the officers and men of the whole army loved him, and Kang Keqing deeply understood this. However, now that I want to live with this "high official", I can't help but feel a little uneasy and hesitant.
The Red Army practiced free love, and Kang Keqing considered herself to be just an ordinary female soldier, and there was a gap between her cultural knowledge and thinking and that of Zhu Junchang. Is it appropriate to match the famous Zhu Junchang?
In the face of Kang Keqing's concerns, Zhu De made a firm answer:
"We are all revolutionary fighters now, comrades, commanders and fighters, all working for the same goal. I admire you very much, and I think that you are studious and enterprising, that you are diligent and generous in your work, and that you are a very good comrade. Hopefully we can be partners, and although we have some gaps with each other, that can't be a reason not to hinder us. Married, we can help each other, we will be good revolutionary partners, can you promise me? ”
Kang Keqing was touched by Comrade Zhu De's sincere attitude, and she could not refuse, but nodded her head in agreement.
In March 1929, the two held a simple wedding in Changting. From this point on they became companions on the road to revolution, encouraging each other and moving forward together.
In 1935, Zhu De and Kang Keqing embarked on a difficult long march, the two joined hands through the meadows, over the snowy mountains, walked for a full 2 years, because of each other's support through this long journey. As the wife of Zhu De, the commander-in-chief of the Red Army, Kang Keqing is not an "official wife", but a real female soldier of the Red Army.
During the Long March, Kang Keqing, as the wife of the commander-in-chief, never had "special treatment" and still acted as an ordinary soldier. Kang Keqing once said:
"During the Long March, Zhu De and I have always been together, it can be said that we see each other every day, but I never cared about things like him eating and wearing, which is not my task. I was also very busy every day, and I didn't even have time to wash my clothes. Most of the time he walks with others, and he also helps the weak to carry their luggage, of course, Jude is the same, he rides horses and walks in half, but also to set an example for others. ”
After the end of the Long March, Kang Keqing did not slacken off, and she successively studied at the Yan'an Anti-Japanese Military and Political University and the Central Party School. In the study of practice and theory, Kang Keqing's ideological cultivation and cultural accomplishment have been improved.
In the tempering of war and fire, not only did it cast the iron will of Kang Keqing and Zhu De, but also let the flowers of love blossom between the two. They understood each other, learned from each other and progressed together on the road of revolution, and the feelings of the two did not fade with the loss of time, but became stronger like cellaring fine wine.
After the founding of New China, Zhu De and Kang Keqing had a stable and warm home, but Zhu De said that he had a regret before his death, but his wife Kang Keqing never let him achieve it.
In fact, in his later years, Zhu De suffered from diabetes, and he had to strictly control his diet, eat lightly and eat less and more meals. However, General Zhu De especially liked to eat hui pot meat and Sichuan kimchi, which were both heavy taste foods, so Kang Keqing supervised him not to let him eat for the sake of Zhu De's body.
Once Liao Chengzhi visited Zhu De, Kang Keqing left him to dine and asked him what he wanted to eat, Liao Chengzhi was overjoyed when he heard this, and said, "I want to eat some meat." ”
It turned out that Liao Chengzhi, like Zhu De, was not allowed to eat more meat by his family because of physical reasons. Zhu De, who had not eaten meat for a long time, also echoed Liao Chengzhi, and Kang Keqing moved his mind and pointed at Liu Jian: "This is also a person who loves meat, you two will have to eat well in a while." In this way, Kang Keqing shattered Marshal Zhu De's "dream" of eating meat.
When it was time to eat, Jude looked at the plate of fragrant meat, "can be viewed from a distance and can not be tasted", who knows who tastes this taste. Liu Jian next to him saw that his grandfather really wanted to eat, so he secretly gave Zhu De a taste.
When Jude recalled the incident, he also quipped with his wife: "One regret in my life is that I have not eaten enough, or you caused it." ”
On July 6, 1976, Zhu De died of illness, and Zhu De's death caused a heavy blow to Kang Keqing.
On July 11, 1976, Marshal Zhu De's memorial service was held in the Great Hall of the People. On his deathbed, Zhu De confessed to Kang Keqing that the only people he was uneasy about were the juniors, and his weak voice said:
"If in the future, the younger generations are infected with bad habits in their thinking and do not repent of their multi-party education, then you will break away from their kinship and do not let them do bad things under the banner." In addition, our savings of 20,000 yuan, you give all to the party, do not leave a penny for your children..."
After the memorial service, Kang Keqing called the whole family together for a family meeting, and she solemnly told the children about Zhu De's last wish, and handed over more than 20,000 yuan of their savings to the organization as party fees.
Seven months after Zhu De's death, Kang Keqing specially confessed to his family and wrote a letter in her name to Wang Dongxing, director of the General Office of the Central Committee, in which he reported the following three things to the party:
1. According to comrade Zhu De's instructions, all the remaining deposits of 20306.16 yuan from the date of salary payment will be handed over to the organization, and a relatively precious white tiger skin coat will also be handed over;
Second, the organization took care of Comrade Zhu De, and returned the new bed and a trolley specially made for him to the organization. Comrade Zhu De's previous Hongqi car was temporarily parked in the six schools, please organize the handling arrangements;
Third, the documents and materials issued by Comrade Zhu De before his death were sorted out by his secretary Yin Qingmin, and important documents and reports have been handed over. The poems composed by Comrade Zhu De from 1939 to 1976 have been published in 65 poems, and there are still more than 600 unpublished poems.
On January 15, 1977, Kang Keqing handed over the letter to Director Wang Dongxing for approval.
Marshal Zhu De devoted his life to the revolutionary cause. However, before he was buried, he found that General Zhu De had not bought a new dress for a long time, serving the country and the party, frugal and simple, and Chairman Mao's heart was also full of mixed feelings after learning about it.
"The virtue of Jude, the mountain is up"
Marshal Zhu De's experience can be said to be magnificent, in fact, the experience of the central leaders of that era is quite legendary, but Zhu De can be said to have several Chinese firsts among the leaders at that time.
Zhu De was the first leader to participate in the Qing dynasty's imperial examination system. Born into a sharecropper family, he lived in poverty as a child, and only began to study after Jude was passed on to a man.
When Zhu De was twenty years old, he was admitted to the Higher Normal School in Chengdu, but he studied physical education at the teacher's training, and at that time he was exposed to new ideas or revolutionary ideas. He not only participated in the league meeting of the anti-Qing revolution, but also participated in the Xinhai Revolution.
Zhu De started as a platoon commander in Yunnan and worked until he was a major general brigadier general, so his income at that time was very impressive, with thousands of oceans per month. In 1912 in Beijing, a piece of ocean can buy 60 kilograms of ordinary rice, and can also provide 6 people to go to Donglaishun to eat a lamb hot pot.
Although the purchasing power of the ocean will change over time and geography, it will always be "valuable". No matter when, no matter what place, no matter who it is, as long as dozens of oceans are spent, you will definitely be able to buy a lot of good things.
Therefore, Jude's income at that time was quite high, but he had such favorable conditions, he still went to pursue the revolution. In 1921, Zhu De voluntarily gave up the military community of thousands of oceans a month, and he saw the dark side of the old society and the old army, and he deeply resented those dark events.
Later, Zhu De took a boat to Europe and Germany to study socialism and tactics, and when he was in Europe, he met Zhou Enlai. After Premier Zhou's introduction, Zhu De joined the Communist Party of China.
In the 1927 Nanchang Uprising, Zhu De led the Nanchang Uprising, and he was one of the main leaders.
The revolutionary road was not smooth, and when the morale of the troops was relatively low and there was a large number of desertions in the ranks, Marshal Zhu De stood up and called the troops to speak. He said: "Those who do not want to revolution and want to go home can go home, I am not reluctant, but I myself will not go." With 200 guns, I can pull up the revolutionary ranks. ”
Marshal Zhu De's firm sentiment and revolutionary conviction infected a large number of people who remained in the ranks and retained the seeds of revolution.
In fact, Marshal Zhu De stood up and spoke more than once, and at several turning points in the revolution, he stood up and spoke encouragingly. Zhu De led the shonan uprising to Jinggangshan and Chairman Mao to meet the division, so he played an important role in the establishment of the Jinggangshan revolutionary base area and the formation of the idea of guerrilla warfare in our army.
Marshal Zhu De's military ability and firm revolutionary conviction are admirable, and his lofty prestige in our army lies not only in the fact that he led nearly 10,000 men and horses to meet with Chairman Mao at Jinggangshan and created a revolutionary base area in a historic way, but also that he personally commanded many battles in the Jinggangshan base area, laying a solid foundation for the creation of the Central Soviet Region and creating a unique idea of guerrilla warfare.
Premier Zhou and Zhu De
The sixteen-character recipe for guerrilla warfare can be said to have been jointly coined by Chairman Mao and Marshal Zhu De. The 16 words "the enemy advances and we retreat, the enemy garrisons us, the enemy tires and we fight, and the enemy retreats and we chase" are extremely important, and at that time, when the enemy was strong and we were weak, our army developed step by step by relying on these 16 words.
Marshal Zhu De played an indelible contribution to the creation of this theory, and the formation of this theory was not a day or two of hard work, nor could it be conceived with a single slap in the head.
There's also an interesting story. Marshal Zhu De had studied in the Soviet Union that year, and when the instructors discussed tactics and tactics and the laws of war with them, Marshal Zhu De once proposed that if I won the battle, I would fight, and if I could not win, I could go up the mountain and run.
As soon as this statement was put forward, the Soviet instructors present were stunned, thinking that I had not taught this thing, how could this person raise such a question?
Facts have proved that after the combination of practice and theory, our set of things has played a considerable role in our development process.
At the same time, Marshal Zhu De was also a person with quite strong willpower. During the Long March, he was the only leader who crossed the snowy mountains three times, crossed the meadows twice, and led two fronts.
As we all know, "it is easy to go from frugality to luxury, and it is difficult to enter frugality", Zhu De's previous salary was not low, enough for him to live a well-off life, but because of his pursuit of revolution, he ignored external materials.
Confucius once praised Yan Hui and said: "A small piece of food, a scoop of drink, in the dark alley, people are overwhelmed by their worries, and they will not change their happiness." "Revolutionaries of the older generation such as Marshal Zhu De and Chairman Mao all possess such qualities.
Marshal Zhu De used to be an official of a comparable rank in his early years, earning thousands of oceans a month, but after he joined the Communist Party of China and joined the Red Army, his life was extremely simple. Because of Mr. Zhu's simple image and style, there was also a little-known thrilling story.
Marshal Zhu De was a major brigade commander in the Dian Army, and at the time of the Nanchang Uprising, he was also the director of the public security bureau in Nanchang City, and his position was not low; after Marshal Zhu De arrived in our Workers' and Peasants' Red Army units, he was simple like a brother-in-law. But it was this simple dress style that later saved Mr. Zhu once.
In early 1929, the Red Fourth Front led by Zhu De fought at Jinggangshan, and Zhu De and his team were scattered in the melee breakout.
Who knew that after the dispersal, Zhu De and a group of enemy troops met, and the group of enemy troops saw that Marshal Zhu De was older and wore tattered clothes. According to their ideas, this man was a guy at best, and he was certainly not an important person in the team.
So they asked Judd, "Do you know which direction Jude is going?" Elder Zhu pointed out the direction to them, and the enemy army chased them in that direction. This "guy costume" also saved The life of Mr. Zhu, in fact, what really saved Marshal Zhu De was his own simple style.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Marshal Zhu De made outstanding contributions to the national liberation war of the Chinese people. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Marshal Zhu De led the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army to the north China front and guided the Fifth Division to fight at Pingxingguan, and achieved the "Pingxingguan Great Victory" that shocked China and foreign countries.
In addition to commanding our Eighth Route Army, Marshal Zhu De also commanded the Kuomintang army, and he led our Eighth Route Army to open up a base area behind enemy lines and waged a difficult and protracted war of resistance behind enemy lines in the Taihang Mountains and behind enemy lines in North China.
During the Liberation War, our army liberated Shijiazhuang, which is an excellent example of the largest fortified city that our People's Liberation Army has broken through. The liberation of Shijiazhuang was precisely when President Zhu personally came to the front and gave specific and accurate organizational command.
After the founding of New China, although Marshal Zhu De was old, he still played an immeasurable role in the construction of our country.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Marshal Zhu De had passed the flower armor and had actually retreated to the second line, but he was still concerned about the modernization of the mainland. Marshal Zhu De personally organized and supervised the construction of the air force, navy, and other branches of the armed forces, and he also stressed on many occasions that the modernization of our country cannot be bought or afforded, and we need to support ourselves.
Marshal Zhu De also believes that our weapons and equipment need to be done by ourselves, and we can stand in an invincible position by relying on ourselves. He believes that we must use the world's new technology to build atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs and develop military weapons, and we will not use it to do bad things, but we cannot be threatened by others.
Jude believes that as long as we have this thing in our hands, our army can stand in an invincible position. What is admirable is that in 1974, when Mr. Zhu was 88 years old, he also went to the navy ship to inspect our fleet.
As a professional soldier, Marshal Zhu De has courage and strategy, is determined and outstanding, and is good at looking at problems from the perspective of development. But in fact, Marshal Zhu De's ordinary side is also quite wonderful.
Marshal Judd was very fond of playing basketball at an early age, and he played basketball very well at that time. During the Yan'an period, Marshal Zhu De often played basketball with cadres and soldiers, and many old comrades in Yan'an played basketball with Mr. Zhu.
There was a patriotic overseas Chinese named Chen Jiageng, who had been to Yan'an before, and after arriving there, he saw Marshal Zhu De and the soldiers playing basketball, and the soldiers shouted on the field: "Mr. Zhu come to one, come to one." Marshal Zhu De threw off his clothes and went on the field, so after this patriotic overseas Chinese left, he said that China's hope was in Yan'an.
Marshal Zhu De also prefers to raise flowers, and he raised a lot of flowers in his later years, especially orchids, and there is a story in this.
Marshal Zhu De's second wife was named Wu Ruolan, and he should be full of nostalgia for Wu Ruolan. Because Wu Ruolan was unfortunately captured by the Kuomintang army during a transfer, and then died heroically.
Marshal Zhu De also likes to write poetry in his spare time, and his poetry level is also quite good. Among the senior generals, Zhu De is on a par with the poems of General Chen Yi and Ye Shuai, and his characters are also of their own kind.
Marshal Zhu De also has a special elderly demeanor, often what merit will be given to his subordinates, never compete for credit, do not prevaricate faults, sometimes even other people's criticism is exaggerated, he also laughed.
Marshal Zhu De is such a good marshal who is both literate and martial, courageous and strategic, firm in his opinions, and never forgets the construction of the country, but he is also an ordinary person who has stayed with his wife all his life and loves literature and sports.