Han Wa Dang "Yao Shun Yu Tang"
Hanwadang "Benevolence and Righteousness"
Han Wa Dang "Jin Wu Spreads Its Wings" ◎ Liu Chunsheng
One day more than 2,000 years ago, Dong Guozi asked Zhuangzi, where is the Tao that people often say? Zhuangzi told him that he was omnipresent, even wa yongli. This is the origin of the idiom "The Tao is in Wayong".
Chinese ancestors began to use bricks and tiles to build houses very early, and many building raw materials also evolved from practicality to artistry, an important part of which was wadang. What is Wadang? That is, the sagging semicircular or circular part at the head of the roof tile of the traditional building. In ancient times, there were also direct calls for the "decay" of the wadang, which bluntly stated the use of the wadang, that is, to protect the rafters of the house from wind and rain erosion, and at the same time, it played an artistic effect of decorating the eaves. Ancient Wadang, created in the early Shang Era, was originally plain and unwritten, with only practical value and no artistic value. In the late Shang and early Zhou dynasties, simple depictions appeared for decoration, which had aesthetic artistic value. In the Qin and Han Dynasties, people's artistic achievements flourished, and the animals and writings created reached the peak of decorative arts in bricks and tiles, and there was no climbing peak since then. The reason for this is not that the production technology of later generations is inferior to that of the Han People, but that the taste of beauty, romantic feelings, political enlightenment, and the world style of good old times no longer exist. Once the bones and blood of a certain art are interrupted, it is difficult to regenerate, and today's people can only experience the style of ancient craftsmen and artists through the ancient brick and tile works that have survived.
Qin brick Han tile is the treasure of the ancient pottery civilization museum, and many of them are orphan products. Let's brush off the dust of history on the ancient tiles, get closer to it, and share its fascinating style.
"Yao Shun Yu Soup"
"Yao Shun Yu Tang", the Western Han Dynasty four-character Ji language class tile, is the currently found Chinese character wadang orphan product. Yao Shun Yu Tang refers to the four most wise and promising emperors of the ancient Chinese nation, referring to Tang Yao, Yu Shun, Xia Yu and Shang Tang respectively. The four-character wadang of "Yao Shun Yu Tang" has no decoration except for the cross circle, and it can be seen that it also bears the legacy of the Qin official seal, which should be an early work of the Western Han Dynasty. The text design is solemn and simple, flexed and winded, and the production is very exquisite.
The text wadang in the Hanwa directly borrows the form and style of the Han official seal, which is the same as the "imitation seal" of one of the eight bodies of the Qin Book in the early Han Dynasty, and then continuously mixes various fashion art elements, gradually forming a hundred flowers blooming. One of the script tiles is based on the motto of self-cultivation and governance, and all such wadang scripts are written in solemn and rigorous calligraphy.
This tile like "Yao Shun Yu Tang" allows us to see the political declaration of the Han Dynasty.
"Benevolence and righteousness"
It is also a tile of the Western Han Dynasty four-character Ji language, excavated from the ruins of Chang'an City in The Han Dynasty, Shaanxi, with a double column and four grid boundaries outside the central round button, each grid with one word, seal book, font Dun Hou ancient and simple, sparse opening.
"Benevolence", that is, benevolence, justice, generosity and integrity, is the core of Confucianism. During the Western Han Dynasty, Dong Zhongshu's proposal of "respecting Confucianism alone and deposing hundreds of families" was recognized by Emperor Wu of Han, so starting from Emperor Wu of Han, "benevolence" was taken as the highest principle of traditional morality, and Confucianism also became the dominant ideology of society at that time. "Benevolence and righteousness are self-contained", that is, as long as people have benevolence, everything they do will be successful. This phrase reflects cultural self-confidence based on Confucianism. This tile is a relic that embodies the mainstream Confucian cultural concept of the Han Dynasty.
"Golden Wings Spread"
The treasure of the ancient pottery civilization museum, JinWuwadang, is an important component of the architecture of the Ganquan Palace of The Han Wudi Emperor. The "Classic of Mountains and Seas" records that the ten days of the ancient sun myth and legend are the sons of Emperor Jun and Xi He, who have the characteristics of man and god, and are the embodiment of Jin Wu, a three-legged Wu, a flying sun god bird, who takes turns to rise from the Eastern Fuso God Tree every morning, flying from east to west, and landing on the Western Ruomu God Tree at night.
Jinwu was a totem used by ancient ancestors to represent the sun, and Ganquan Palace was one of the most important palaces in the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of han met with the princes here, feasted on foreign guests, and used it as a summer retreat to leave the palace. The Han Dynasty people ingeniously constructed this treasure tile representing the sun and placed it on the eaves of the main hall of Ganquan Palace. The sun god bird spreads its wings and soars into the sky, blending mighty and subtle in one, and obtaining a majestic and atmospheric beauty, which is breathtaking at a glance. The Han Dynasty is one of the most powerful and brilliant eras in ancient China, and the Han Wudi period is the heyday of the Han Dynasty, in a sense, this important palace in ancient China's heyday of the iconic Jinwuwadang, reflects the spirit of the Han Dynasty.
"Changli Rile"
"Changli Rile" is a popular Auspicious word of the Han Dynasty, which means that you often get benefits and be happy every day. Words such as Li and Dali frequently appeared in han dynasty buildings, stone carved brick carvings, coins, bronze mirrors and other daily utensils, showing the common social will of the Han Dynasty to unabashedly pursue various interests.
In addition, the calligraphy of Changli Rile Wadang is also very distinctive, and the commonly used calligraphy of Hanwa is the jade seal, and the starting and closing pens are square heads, like chopsticks, so it is called the jade seal. However, this tile is made of leek leaf seals, which is more elegant and relaxed. Leek leaf seal calligraphy was previously believed to have first appeared on the Xiaojian four baht money of the Southern Dynasty, but in fact, the Han Dynasty already appeared on the Wadang script, which is unique in wadang calligraphy.
Misplaced Wadang
This dance pattern yin and yang double composition half tile, is a rare orphan of the ancient pottery civilization museum, the audience can see from this tile, the concave part of the pattern is two symmetrical long-sleeved dancer patterns, and then look at the left and right of these two long-sleeved dancers, the raised part is also two pairs of long-sleeved dancers pattern, ingenious.
This unique yin and yang double-structure long-sleeved dance pattern tile is actually caused by mistakes in the production process. This is related to the production process of wadang, the mold of the half-tile is originally a circle made of two and a half tiles opposite, and then the circular tile is divided into two and a half tiles in the later stage. The pattern of this tile is originally four tiger stripes and half tiles, yang patterns, and the face is composed of four looking back tigers. However, when the craftsman cut, he mistakenly turned the circle to a 45-degree angle, and it was this mistake that gave birth to this beautiful dance pattern, which was originally two tigers, but became two dancing humanoids of yin and yang.
There are precious wrong-version stamps and coins in the world, and I did not expect that there was a "wrong version" of the tile, and it will be wrong and continue to use, after more than two thousand years, it has actually been unearthed into a rare orphan product.