At present, the development of Chinese poetry is taking unprecedented steps forward, various poetic schools have sprung up like mushrooms, ancient, near and modern free poetry are intertwined, and each branch is unprecedentedly prosperous, presenting a gratifying scene of purple and red. However, today, when poetry is becoming more and more utilitarian, people are not without feelings: there are more and more poets and poems in the poetry world, while there are fewer and fewer poems that people are happy to see, and the development path of poetry is falling into an unprecedented confusion... When the body of feces and urine, the body of pear blossoms, the body of sleeping, and the body of touching milk are flooding the Chinese poetry scene in large quantities, more people have expressed unprecedented concerns, where is Chinese poetry going? I think this is something that every responsible poet must ponder! I thought: Why should we write poetry? How do I write poetry? What kind of poems do you write? What kind of poetry is good poetry? Where is the beauty of poetry? Whether the standard of poetic beauty needs to be reconstructed and so on are real problems that cannot be avoided! It is also a question that we must answer now!
In the early years, Mr. Wen Yiduo put forward the "three beauty" theory of poetry, that is, "the beauty of music, the beauty of painting and the beauty of architecture". It greatly enriches the connotation of poetic beauty. This makes the beauty of abstract poetry more figurative and concrete. With the continuous development of poetry, people's pursuit and discussion of the beauty of poetry are also deepening. Many new ideas, new ideas, new theories are emerging... The poet's routine of writing poetry is even more imaginative, without any constraints. Folk poetry, rotten poetry, rotten poetry, poetry that does not speak of any rules emerge in an endless stream, the former "three beauty" standards (musical beauty, painting beauty, architectural beauty) are being abandoned more, while the new standard of poetry has not been established for a long time, and there are serious faults in the control and constraint of poetry... Therefore, it is becoming more and more urgent to establish a new standard of poetry as soon as possible! So what should the standard of poetry be? I believe that in addition to the external musical beauty, painting beauty, and architectural beauty, the most important thing for poetry is that poetry should also have emotional beauty, stylistic beauty, and philosophical beauty in the inner sense.
Musical Beauty (Auditory Beauty)
The poem is first and foremost a song. The rhythm and rhyme of the poem is something that the poem can use to chant and sing. The great literary scholar Lu Xun believes that "rhythm and rhyme are the two main factors that are indispensable to the beauty of poetry and music." The melodic beauty of poetic language and the beauty of rhythm and the resonance and perfect integration of the poet's thoughts and emotions constitute the musical beauty of poetry. The two complement each other and are indispensable. Leaving the rhythm of poetry is tantamount to a novel, prose, or narrative, and it is also impossible to talk about poetry without the inner thought noise and emotional decline of the poet, let alone the beauty of poetry... Only when the rhyme of poetry is combined with inner emotions can it reach the realm of both vocal emotions and make the musical beauty of poetry more pleasant and moving. Just like music composition, musicians have to change rhythms and modes according to the needs of emotional expression. The poet is even more so, he must organize and arrange the rhythm of words according to the needs of emotional expression, pay attention to the sound and emotion, that is, the rhythm and melody should serve the emotion, and be consistent with the content expressed in the poem, only in this way can the musical beauty of the poem receive good artistic effects.
All art is the creation of human emotional symbols. The perfect unity of the poet's inner thoughts, feelings and verbal expressions, an external form, creates the musical beauty of poetry.
Painting Beauty (Visual Beauty)
In addition to being a song, a poem is also a painting. Requiring gorgeous rhetoric, rich in color, pay attention to the visual image and intuitiveness of the poem, a good poem is a perfect painting.
"Spring Night Tour to the Xiangjiang River"
(Ancient style. Contemporary. Zhang Ruohan)
Qianfan moved the Lone Moon Wheel, who was a jade and wind.
The red dots left people in tears, and the night was scattered with river stars.
The short four-sentence poem constructs a very perfect three-dimensional picture: "Thousand Sails" racing across, "Lonely Moon" in the air; "Yuxiao" darkly rising, "And the wind" running life; "residual red" floating zero, "away from people" flying tears; "stars" full of sky, "rivers" evening photos. Borrowing "Lonely Moon", "Jade Xiao", "Residual Red" and "Stars" to set off the "lonely and lonely" state of mind of "leaving people", implicitly euphemistically expressing the homesickness of the wanderer. All scenery is love language, blending into the scene and blending scenes. The ingenious and unique artistic conception makes people feel immersed and emotional, which has a strong resonance...
Shanxing. (Tang Du Mu)
Far up the stone path of the cold mountain, the white cloud gave birth to a family.
Parking to sit in love maple forest at night, frost leaves red in February flowers.
The mountain road is curved, the white clouds are swirling, and the immortal residences and maple red sky give people unlimited reverie...
Through the description of four different scenery of mountain roads, people's homes, white clouds and autumn leaves, the poet shows us a harmonious and unified autumn color map of the mountain village.
The poet finally concludes with the red of the frost leaves: maple leaves flowing dan, layers of forest dyed, brilliant as the morning sun, as beautiful as going to the brocade... The warm praise of autumn rot and magnificence sweeps away the sad autumn complex of the former scholars and doctors who will be sad in autumn, and expresses the author's heroic and heroic nostalgia for Xiamantian. That kind of openness reaches the depths of people's hearts, and people can't help but be amazed by the visual feast...
Architectural beauty
Regarding the architectural beauty of poetry, Mr. Wen Yiduo and Linguist Mr. Wang Li believe that architectural beauty is the visual beauty produced by the arrangement of words. That is, the sections should be symmetrical between the sections, and the lines should be evenly matched.
This beauty is mainly in terms of the overall shape of the poem: the number of words between each line does not have to be rigidly defined as equal, but the difference between the lines cannot be too large, in order to seek a sense of neatness, paying attention to the jagged beauty of the staggered, but also paying attention to the neat beauty of symmetrical work. The use of the rhetorical technique of "confrontation" in ancient poetry just brings the architectural beauty of poetry to the extreme.
Modern poetry is represented by Xu Zhimo's "Farewell to Kangqiao":
original:
Gently I go, just as I come softly; I gently beckon, making the clouds of the western sky.
The golden willow on the river is the bride in the sunset; the bright shadow in the waves, ripples in my heart.
In the architectural beauty of the poem, the poet pays attention to the arrangement of the lines of the poem, in order to avoid the verses being too neat and rigid, the poet ingeniously regresses the even number of lines of each section by one block, and the number of words in each line is slightly increased or decreased, so that the neatness of the poem line is full of jagged beauty, which is pleasing to the eye.
One of the issues worth exploring is that Mr. Wen Yiduo limited architectural beauty to the form of poetry, and almost did not touch on the content of poetry. I think that the architectural beauty of poetry is not only expressed in form, but also in the content of poetry. That is to say, not only the arrangement of words in poetic language can produce visual beauty, but also its internal emotional accumulation and image combination can produce a visual impact and pleasure.
Xu Zhimo's "Farewell to Kangqiao" listed above is exactly like this: the emotional expression is progressive layer by layer, the accumulation and rendering of images from far and near, from light to thick, one link after another, layer by layer, the author pushes the expression of emotion step by step to the climax in the process of depicting the freehand, and successfully builds the architectural beauty of the poetic content (emotion and imagery).
Philosophical beauty
The beauty of poetry lies in philosophy. The beauty of philosophy lies in its universality and objectivity. Excellent poetry is the harmonic unity of the beauty of form and the beauty of content depth, conveying the heart of philosophy with a poetic brush.
Why do we like poetry? Because poetry conveys the deepest philosophical implications in the most condensed language, I think this is probably the main reason why we like poetry.
Successful poets often observe things in detail, look at fire like a fire, write prosperous in simple places, draw deep feelings in shallow places, and reveal thought-provoking philosophical speculations. The content of this kind of poetry is deep, thick, subtle and timeless, and most of the abstract philosophies of philosophy are contained in a distinct artistic image, revealing profound truths and flashing the light of human nature.
"Climbing the Flying Peak"
[Song] Wang Anshi
Fly to the peak of the Thousand Seekers Tower, smell the chickens chirping and see the sunrise.
Do not fear the floating clouds to cover your eyes, and you are at the highest level.
【Philosophy】 "Standing high can look far", standing on a high place can see a wider world and a farther scenery, so as not to be obscured by floating clouds. People should not only look at the immediate interests, but should look at the overall situation and the long term. By mastering the correct viewpoints and methods, and understanding has reached a certain height, we will be able to see the essence through phenomena and will not be blinded by the illusion of things.
"Title Xi Lin Bi"
[Song] Su Shi
Horizontally, it is a peak on the side of the ridge, and the height of the distance is different.
I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but I am only in this mountain.
[Philosophy] Observation of problems should be objective and comprehensive, if subjective one-sided, we can not come to the correct conclusion. Only when people get rid of the subjective and objective limitations, stay outside lushan and have a far-sighted vision can they really see the true face of lushan. To recognize the essence of things, we must observe from all angles, both objective and comprehensive.
Emotional beauty
"Poetry, poetry and affection", any literary work will convey the author's thoughts and feelings. Emotion is the life of poetry, and without emotion there is no poetry. Poetry without emotion is destined to be short-lived and will not be passed on for a long time, and it is precisely because of the existence of emotion that poetry can be widely sung and continued for a long time, thus giving poetry a strong vitality of stability and longevity.
Sincerity, intensity and profundity are important factors in the emotional beauty of poetry. Poetry is usually characterized by the expression of real, strong, universal emotions. When the poet describes people, events, objects or scenes, he must inject his emotions and ideas of joy and sorrow. Only poetry that pours out strong, profound, and sincere emotions can touch people's hearts and resonate. There are thousands of kinds of emotional expressions of beauty, and all poems that can stir people's hearts and shake people's souls must be good poems, and those famous passages that have been passed down through the ages are full of profound, strong and sincere emotional beauty. The emotion of beauty comes from the heart and comes from the heart, and it is a heartfelt simple, natural, and sincere emotional expression.
"Water Tune Song Head. When is the bright moon(Song. Su Shi)
When is the moon? Ask the wine to qingtian. I don't know what year it is in the heavenly palace. I want to go home by the wind, and I am afraid of Qionglou Yuyu, and the high places are cold. Dancing to find out the shadow, how it seems to be in the human world.
Turn zhu ge, low Qi household, no sleep. There should be no hatred, why should it be long to go to the other time? People have sorrows and joys, and the moon has clouds and sunshine, and this matter is difficult to complete. May people be long-lasting, and thousands of miles will be cherished together.
Beauty and goodness are common to all people. Su shi. "Water Tune Song Head. In "When is the Bright Moon", "I hope that people will be long-lasting, and thousands of miles together" just expresses the common aspirations of people all over the world, expresses people's common values, and expresses a universal empathy of human society's eternal yearning for beautiful things, thus arousing the wide resonance of people all over the world and being passed on from generation to generation...
I Love This Land (Contemporary. Ai Qing)
If I were a bird,
I should also sing with a hoarse throat:
This land that has been hit by the storm,
This river of our grief and indignation that is always raging, this wind of anger that blows endlessly,
And the incomparably gentle dawn from the woods... – and then I died,
Even the feathers rotted in the ground.
Why do I always have tears in my eyes?
Because I love this land so much...
The poet transforms himself into a bird, sings with sorrow and indignation, and melts his infinite love for the motherland into the tears of blood and sorrow...
Ai Qing's poem is undoubtedly the last song of that era, a strong patriotic feeling jumped on the paper, it inspired countless heroes and benevolent people and enthusiastic young people to throw their heads, sprinkle their blood, compose a golden elegy to resist foreign aggression and save the survival, the emotions revealed real, simple, natural...
Chen Ziang's "Dengyouzhou Tai Song"
The ancients were not seen before, and the comers were not seen after that.
Thinking of heaven and earth, alone but weeping.
The poet looks down on the ancient and modern, deeply feeling that life is short, the universe is infinite, and he burst into tears. The generous and tragic song of climbing the ancient Youzhou platform sent out from the bottom of his heart a deafening cry of "empty heart to serve the country and the people and depressed and cannot be exercised". Read it carefully, and the tragic and desolate atmosphere suddenly arises...
Chen Ziang was full of righteousness, not afraid of the powerful and powerful, not following the tide, serving the country without a way to finally be depressed, which can be described as an iron bone. His poem "Wind and bone, vigorous and powerful". When it is called "the bone of the Yiqun" and "the standard of the vulgar".
Anger out of the poet, Chen Ziang's depression and resentment of serving the country can be seen in the sky.
"Yulou Spring" [Song] Yan Shu
Green poplar grass long pavilion road, young people throw people easy to go.
The head of the building is dreaming of five more bells, and the bottom of the flower is separated from the love of March rain.
Ruthless is not like amorous bitterness, an inch is still tens of millions of strands.
When there is poverty at the end of the world, there is only an endless place for acacia.
There are ends to the ends of the earth, and only the pain of lovesickness is endless. It is written about the infinite lovesickness of a woman who is loyal to love and loves the bo fortunate teenager who abandoned her. The sincere feelings directly move the heavens and the earth, especially the woman's pure love for bo fortunate people without complaining is more sad, the author has brought the beauty of the woman's bone-deep lovesickness to the extreme.
Aesthetically beautiful
The so-called "style" refers to demeanor, manners; it also refers to the style of the article. Reflected in a poem refers to the poet's unique personal artistic style highlighted by the poem.
It is the product of a high degree of combination of the poet's character and poetry. What we usually say about "poetry is character" is that the character of poetry directly reflects the character of people. If the character is good, the poetry is high, and if the character is poor, the poetry is inferior. The style of a poem depends on the current circumstances in which the author lives and the degree of education the author himself has received. The same poem, written by different people, often has completely different feelings, and the styles displayed by each person are bound to be inconsistent, and the style of life is different. This can be clearly felt in the works of modern and ancient poets: their style of work is either high or depressed, or bold or elegant, or majestic or beautiful, or elegant or vulgar, or full of positive energy or passive inaction...
"Midnight Wu Song":
Chang'an is a month, and the sound of thousands of households pounding clothes.
The autumn wind blows endlessly, and it is always jade.
He Riping Hu Yu, the good people strike the expedition.
This poem borrows the sound of the bright moon and autumn wind pounding clothes to convey the feelings of Yu Guan, expressing the infinite thoughts of the wife of the recruiter for the husband and wife of kaibian and the desire for the early end of the war and the reunion of the husband and wife's family. The whole article is deeply affectionate, elegant and full of positive energy.
The Seven Laws. Long March (Contemporary. Mao Zedong):
The Red Army is not afraid of expeditions and difficulties, and thousands of rivers and mountains are just waiting for idleness.
The Five Ridges are full of gentle waves, and the Umong is majestic and walks the mud pills.
The golden sands and waters beat the cloud cliffs warmly, and the Dadu Bridge crosses the iron cables.
More joyful to the minshan mountains thousands of miles of snow, after the three armies to open their faces.
Among them, the four characters of "Teng", "Walk", "Shoot" and "Horizontal" vividly show us a magnificent picture scroll jointly built by the four images of "ridge", "mountain", "water" and "bridge", with passion and momentum.
This poem vividly and vividly summarizes the combat course of the Red Army's Long March, and enthusiastically sings the revolutionary heroism and revolutionary optimism spirit of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army that is not afraid of sacrifice, overcomes all difficulties, bravely moves forward, and is brave and tenacious.
The whole poem is lofty and imposing! It fully shows the poet's romantic feelings of heroism in the face of difficulties, calmness, command and victory of the revolution.
The Seven Laws. "The Long March" is a realistic work of realism and romanticism. It will surely affect generations of future generations...
Conclusion:
Times are moving forward and poetry is evolving. Times have changed, the form of poetry has changed, and our poetry theory must also change with the pace of poetry. Otherwise, the development of poetry will eventually fall into a chaotic and confused situation because of the loss of corresponding norms. Facts have proved that whether it is ancient, near or modern free poetry, it is constantly breaking the original rules, breaking through the restrictions of the sound and form of old poetry, more inclined to the deep layout and integration of emotion, philosophy and style, etc., more and more tending to be relaxed, free, truth-seeking, pragmatic, seeking the realm of "the unity of heaven and man", paying attention to the harmony between man and nature, seeking beauty from the harmony between man and nature, and taking the realization of the true thought of life and the state of existence of the complete unity of natural heaven and earth as the ultimate pursuit. This so-called Zhuangzi's "riding on the righteousness of heaven and earth, and the debate of the six qi, to swim infinitely", Lu Ji's aesthetic activities of "exquisite eight poles, the heart travels to ten thousand" are also.
Based on this idea, there is no reason for our theory of poetry to stand still. At present, the "three beauty" standards of poetry are being ruthlessly abandoned by more and more modern free poets, and the law is dead, and the modern free body seems to be more like a headless fly that hits and bumps everywhere, and does not assume the mainstream status of poetry in the current environment. The times call for us to continuously develop and enrich the current poetry theory on the basis of the poetry theory of our predecessors, and point out the direction for the prosperity and revival of Chinese poetry. I believe that we have the ability to break down the barriers of the existing theories of old poetry, and we are more confident in building a new order of efficient, stable, and new poetry operation.
*I am Xiaoxiang, based on the current situation of the Chinese poetry circle and the dilemma faced by the development of poetry, I put forward a new proposition of "three beauty" of poetry in a more systematic and comprehensive way. Whether the views in the article are correct or not, I look forward to your comments, welcome criticism and correction, and do not hesitate to teach!