Southern Song Dynasty Muxi "Lotus Swallow Diagram"
◎ The moon is full of heavenly hearts
As the most popular decoration style in recent years, chà silent wind has remained hot among the post-90s and post-00s groups, and has become the favorite trend of young people. In fact, the silent wind does not stop in the decoration design industry, with the cooling of the consumption concept brought about by the new crown epidemic, the silence has gradually become a way of life followed by young people, which represents the minimalist life in the era of low desire, and advocates the return to the original intention of life in the most simple warmth.
侘寂 (わび さび/wabi sabi) is an integral part of Japanese aesthetic consciousness and generally refers to things that are simple and quiet. But on closer inspection, yu shu is also inextricably linked to China's classical poetic philosophy.
Lyn: To show a white morning glory
Cut off the flowers in the garden
The character "侘" was originally a special word for the tea ceremony, and the Zen Tea Record said: "The servant is not enough." During the Southern Song Dynasty, the Rongxi monks who stayed in the Song Dynasty twice brought Zen Buddhism to Japan, and also brought back Chinese tea plant seeds, tea making techniques and tea drinking techniques, which can be described as The "Xuanzang" of Japan. The tea ceremony was carried out in Japan by Zen masters and monks and adopted by wealthy nobles who meticulously built tea rooms using sumptuous tea sets imported from China.
However, in the 16th century, the tea ceremony master Senritsu proposed a new way of tea ceremony that could be carried out in small tea houses, and tea sets were also made by local craftsmen. This tea ceremony of Senritsu conquered the people who were not rich and became the famous tea ceremony (that is, the tea ceremony carried out in the way of Chu), which led to the aesthetics of Senritsu's tea.
Senritsu served as the head of the tea (tea ceremony attendant) of Oda Nobunaga and toyotomi Hideyoshi. Toyotomi Hideyoshi was fierce by nature, but he loved tea very much, and he heard that The courtyard of Senritsu was full of morning glory flowers, green leaves surrounded by flowers, and climbed all over the fence, which was very spectacular, so he planned to come to Senritsu's house to drink tea and admire the flowers.
The next day, Toyotomi Hideyoshi happily came to Senritsu's house and saw that the fence was bare and not a single morning glory was gone, and the magnificent sight of a thousand flowers blooming disappeared. Toyotomi Hideyoshi rushed indoors to ask Senritsu about his sins, but he was stunned as soon as he entered the inner chamber. I saw that on the dim indoor niche, there was a small net color vase, and in the vase was a white morning glory flower, the petals were delicate, and the dew was still in the heart of the flower. In order to show this white morning glory, Qian Lixiu did not hesitate to cut off the flowers in the garden. But this flower really shocked Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who sat down, drank tea and admired the flowers, and his heart gradually became quiet.
Cut off the flowers that bloom in the garden, leaving only such a white and simple flower, this desolate, simple beauty, a large amount of white space, is exactly the tea ceremony style advocated by Qianlihu.
Drinking tea in a small space is a practice in itself, and the limitations of space make all the desires of the outside world stop, and he abandons not only cumbersome, but also the distractions in his heart.
In the year of Senritsu's death, the Japanese tea ceremony was officially established, and the beauty of the tea ceremony completed the development path. The Chinese tea ceremony has been renewed from generation to generation, the old habits have been eliminated, and Qian Lixiu and his disciples have been continuing a "Yu" spirit.
Silence: A haiku derived from Chinese poetry
A culture of silence was formed
The classical Japanese writing of 寂 is さび, the character for "寂", which is used in the ancient Japanese book "Furancao" to express the old smell emitted by the old books, which is an appreciation of the beauty of the old.
During the Muromachi period (1336-1573), the concept of silence received considerable attention in the world of haiku. In the book "Banana Leaf Boat", Hai Ren Yingli believes that it is better to say "silence" in the sentence. The sentence that is precipitated by time and the blank space of life has become the mainstream of haiku, that is, "silence".
Silence represents the Japanese haiku, and the essence of haiku is derived from Tang poetry. Because as early as the shogunate era, Tang poetry began to be popular in Japanese monastic temples, and the taste of these people was indifferent and long-lasting, full of Zen, so a large number of beautiful and empty Tang poems entered Japan and became part of the culture at that time. The Japanese scholar Tetsumi Murakami wrote in his "Japanese and Han Poetry": "The poetry of the Tang Dynasty, like the most beautiful long sky, makes people can only look up. ”
In Japan, one of the most famous Tang poems is Zhang Ji's "Fengqiao Night Berth", which has been selected into Japanese textbooks and can be described as well-known to women and children: the moon is falling and the sky is full of frost, and the river maple fishing fire is sad. Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, midnight bell to the passenger ship.
This heartbreaking, desolate, and lonely mood happens to be the aesthetic standard that the Japanese people respect, and it is also the source of "silence".
Japanese poets imitating Tang poetry emerged in an endless stream and became popular in the form of haiku. In the Edo period (1603-1868), a famous haiku master Matsuo Basho appeared in Japan, whose haiku was deeply influenced by Wang Wei, and haiku poetry and painting were integrated, Zen and focused on the beauty of the artistic conception.
For example, this one is more famous: cool autumn in September white hagi bloom, a liter of dew and a liter of flowers. The mood is lonely and desolate, full of Zen, obviously it is a distant picture of late autumn hagi flowers.
The Meiji era poet Masaoka Zigui once said: "Although haiku, waka, and Chinese poetry are different in form, they have the same interests, among which haiku are particularly similar to Chinese poetry, and Gaiyin haiku originates from the reason for the absolute sentences of Han poetry." ”
Haiku, which mimics the artistic conception of Chinese poetry, eventually formed a culture of silence.
The beauty of tea and silence gradually merged into one
Become a new word
In addition to Tang poetry, Chinese ink paintings were also imported into Japan in large quantities. The most popular in Japan is the painting of the monk Maki. Muxi is a monk painter from the end of the Southern Song Dynasty to the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, his paintings do not follow the tradition, simple, free, childish, this kind of Zen, simple and concise large area of blank painting style, giving the viewer a mysterious and endless imagination space, very in line with the style of Zen Buddhism. Therefore, this kind of painting that renders the space in light ink color has been copied a lot by Japanese painters, and this feeling of emptiness, stillness, and smoke and clouds is very similar to Tang poetry, which further affects the trend of Japanese culture.
Taoism and Zen Buddhism, combined with Tang poetry and Song Dynasty Muxi style ink paintings, constitute a large amount of blank space, minimalist and desolate aesthetic atmosphere, which is the source of the lonely wind.
Yu and Silence did not appear together in the first place. In his book "侘寂", Dashi Keza wrote: The word 侘寂 corresponds to the Japanese short poem "Haiku" and the tea ceremony.
The core of The aesthetics of the tea ceremony of Qianlixiu is the Zen realm of nothingness, the endless hiding in nothing, cutting off the connection with material desires, which is very close to the emptiness in haiku. As a result, the beauty of tea and silence gradually merged into one, becoming a new word, a culture and aesthetic.
In The Beauty of Wabi-Sabi, Leona Koren gives an example of what silence is: "How do you clean a courtyard full of fallen leaves?" First, the ground is cleared with a grass rake, and then one of the trees is shaken so that a few fallen leaves fall, which is 'silence'. ”
Today, it is one of the important classical cultures in Japan, and the source of the silence comes from the temperament and philosophical beauty of Chinese Tang and Song paintings, tea ceremony, etc.
From Tang poems to Song paintings, from haiku to tea ceremonies, yu yu is the transition and sublimation from art to life itself, and it is more concerned with life and spirit itself, abandoning the pursuit of luxury and materialism.
He is full of poetry and philosophy in ancient China.