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During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, several "talents" appeared among the traitors, such as Qi Xieyuan, who followed Chiang's example in establishing the Whampoa Military Academy and cultivating military talents for the puppet army; and Zhang Yinwu, who invented the shameful term "curve to save the country."
In particular, Zhang Yinwu, the shameful term he invented, "curve to save the country", became a grandiose reason for the traitors to defect to the enemy and betray the country during the War of Resistance, and has been scolded by the world to this day.
Zhang Yinwu, a native of Boye County, Hebei Province, was born in Xiangmendi but threw pens from Rong, and graduated from the 5th phase of the Baoding Military Academy. Among the students, there were many famous generals of the Jin Army, such as Fu Yisheng, Wang Jingguo, and Li Fuyi.
After graduating from military school, Zhang Yinwu joined the Jin Army. Because of his ability to be strict with himself and share happiness and hardship with soldiers, he was deeply appreciated by Yan Xishan. In March 1927, when the Jin army was expanding, Zhang Yinwu was promoted by Yan Xishan to deputy commander of the 7th Army and commander of the 14th Division, becoming a senior general of the Jin Army.
In less than 9 years, Zhang Yinwu went from an unknown small platoon leader to the throne of deputy commander, and the progress was not unpleasant. Although Zhang Yinwu's own efforts are included, it is also inseparable from Yan Xishan's vigorous promotion.
But during the Jin Dynasty, Zhang Yinwu also exposed his weakness, that is, he showed an excessive desire for power, especially when he could not see that his classmates at the Baoding Military Academy had higher positions than himself.
On the surface, Zhang Yinwu bumped into the battalion commander when he was a company commander in the army, and when he was a battalion commander, he confronted the regimental commander because he was not accustomed to the warlord style of those people, but in fact, Zhang Yinwu thought that he was both literate and military, quite conceited, and always wanted to act on his own "one acre and three points of land."
Objectively speaking, because Zhang Yinwu was born in Xiangmendi and had a family origin, his achievements in literature and calligraphy did exceed that of his peers, but this was not the reason why he looked down on his superiors and colleagues.
In the matter of the army, "it is made of one, and it is defeated by two or three", in a unit, it is a command, if anyone can give orders at will, is it not a mess?
Yan Xishan Picture from the internet
Fortunately, Zhang Yinwu knew Zhao Daiwen, a close confidant of Yan Xishan, and although he left the army in a negative mood, under the recommendation of Zhao Daiwen, Zhang Yinwu won yan Xishan's approval and returned to the army.
In 1924, Zhang Yinwu was promoted to the commander of the 10th Regiment of the 5th Brigade of the Jin Army, and his promotion rate exceeded that of his classmates Li Fuyi and Wang Jingguo, and only Fu Yisheng, who was the commander of the 8th Regiment of the 4th Brigade, was of the same rank as him.
What should have been "a single branch" has become "two flowers blooming", which may be the reason why Zhang Yinwu always can't get along with Fu Yisheng in the future.
In June 1927, Yan Xishan responded to the Northern Expedition, and the Feng and Jin clans officially tore their faces.
Yan Xishan's troops attacked the Feng army in three ways, and Zhang Yinwu served as the former enemy commander of the Left Route Army and the commander of the 7th Army, defeating the Feng army in the battle of yanmen pass and making great achievements.
Fu Yisheng held out for 3 months in the Battle of Zhuozhou, and although he surrendered due to ran out of ammunition, his reputation for being good at defense spread throughout the north and south of the great river, and Fu Yisheng was also recruited into the military committee of the Nationalist government as a division commander, which was the only case at that time.
At a time when the whole country was praising Fu Yisheng's military ability, Zhang Yinwu went around preaching the argument that "there are only generals with severed heads, not generals who surrendered," and openly belittled Fu Yisheng.
Zhang Yinwu's behavior made Fu Yisheng very dissatisfied, and also sowed the seeds of long-term discord between the two.
In 1930, the Central Plains War broke out, and Fu Yisheng was appointed by Yan Xishan as the commander of the 10th Army of the 3rd Army of the Jin Army, responsible for commanding the northern section of the Jinpu Line. Zhang Yinwu was the commander of the Beiping garrison at this time, and lost the right to directly command the troops, which made Zhang Yinwu even more jealous of Fu Yisheng.
Among the 5 graduates of the Baoding Military Academy who served in the Jin Army, Zhang Yinwu held the highest position, which is also Zhang Yinwu's pride.
However, when he was the commander of the Beiping garrison, Yan Xishan appointed Fu Yisheng as the commander of the Tianjin garrison, and he was at the same level as himself, which made Zhang Yinwu very dissatisfied.
After the outbreak of the Central Plains War, Fu Yisheng led 6 armies to participate in the battle with the position of commander of the 10th Army of the 3rd Army of the Jin Army, while Zhang Yinwu was only a Beiping garrison commander, and his authority was far lower than that of Fu Yisheng, which made Zhang Yinwu even more mentally unbalanced.
The Jin army won consecutive battles under the command of Fu Yisheng. After capturing Jinan, Fu Yisheng also served as the director of the Jinan camp, which made Zhang Yinwu, who was burned in jealousy, finally unable to contain his jealousy. He sent a secret telegram to Yan Xishan, in which he said in a mysterious way: Zhang Xueliang held a meeting in Beidaihe, and Fu Yisheng secretly participated, please pay attention.
Yan Xishan had always been known for his narrow-mindedness and jealousy, and after getting this telegram, how could he trust Fu Yisheng again?
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Yan Xishan immediately appointed Zhang Yinwu as the commander-in-chief of the 2nd and 4th Routes of the 3rd Front, with the intention of monitoring Fu.
Fu Yisheng saw Zhang Yinwu coming, who would not know what was going on? As a result, he was greatly discouraged.
According to Yan Xishan's original plan, Fu Yisheng unified command of the 2nd and 4th Route Armies, so that the troops could be concentrated.
After Zhang Yinwu's arrival, because he could not command the two units uniformly, the troops had to divide their forces, which not only weakened the attack force, but also missed the fighters, resulting in the defeat of Feng Yan's combined forces on the Jinpu Line.
Afterwards, Zhang Yinwu also cleverly argued that Fu Yisheng's defeat in the first battle led to the defeat of the coalition forces, but the facts were in front of him, and when the Jin army reviewed the reasons for the failure of the campaign after the war, they all believed that Zhang Yinwu's mistake in dividing the troops was the root cause of the failure.
Although Zhang Yinwu gained a high position through informing, his informant letter disturbed the Feng Yan coalition army and disrupted the Central Plains War.
Because Zhang Yinwu held himself too high in the Jin army and offended a large number of Jin generals, after Yan Xishan announced his resignation, Zhang Yinwu could not gain a foothold in Shanxi, so he had to leave Shanxi and return to his hometown.
After the "Lugou Bridge Incident," because Zhang Yinwu's attitude of actively engaging in the anti-Japanese resistance of the Nationalist Army in his hometown won the attention of Cheng Qian, commander of the First Theater, he was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Hebei Nationalist Army.
During this period, Zhang Yinwu was still very hard to resist Japan. Soon, however, his ambition to use the Hebei Nationalist Army to obtain the position of chairman of Hebei Province was exposed.
Zhang Yinwu's idea was that he belonged to the powerful faction in Hebei, with 100,000 nationalist troops under his command (in fact, there were more than 10,000 people in 8 regiments), and was fully qualified to serve as the chairman of Hebei Province.
Unexpectedly, Zhang Yinwu's hopes were disappointed, and Jiang appointed Lu Zhonglin to be the chairman of Hebei Province.
This can annoy Zhang Yinwu. He believes that Lu Zhonglin did not have the intention of insisting on the War of Resistance in Hebei for a long time, so who is qualified to be the chairman of Hebei Province? Therefore, Zhang Yinwu immediately rushed to Wuhan to ask to see Jiang, but he was refused three times.
In anger, Zhang Yinwu broke out and scolded.
Just when Zhang Yinwu was disheartened and preparing to leave Wuhan, he was suddenly received by Chen Cheng. Because Chen Cheng and Zhang Yinwu were classmates of the Baoding Military Academy, they had a certain understanding of Zhang Yinwu's energy in Hebei and thought that Zhang Yinwu had certain use value, so Chen Cheng would reach out and pull Zhang Yinwu when Zhang Yinwu was coldly received by Jiang.
Zhang Yinwu also received a 10-minute reception from the clan.
This meeting is Zhang Yinwu's transformation from the "wall-riding faction" to the "die-hard faction" in the past.
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He joined the Kuomintang's secret service organization under Chen Cheng's arrangement, and his attitude toward the Communist Eighth Route Army, which insisted on resisting the war behind enemy lines in North China, took a 180-degree turn, not only denying the democratically elected Jin-Cha-Ji Government and the Jizhong Bureau, but also threatening to "regain the lost land in Six Counties, including Boye." ”
In December 1938, Zhang Yinwu took advantage of the Japanese attack on Jizhong and the Eighth Route Army had no time to look back, and launched the "Boye December Coup".
However, Zhang Yinwu's approach was destined to be unpopular, and although he tried every means to instigate the Hebei Nationalist Army, they were all resisted, and only Chai Enbo, commander of the independent second detachment of the third column, defected.
When Zhang Yinwu instigated Chai Enbo to lead a rebellion, because he was worried that Chai Enbo would not be able to pull his troops to Ji'nan, he asked Chai Enbo to surrender to the Japanese army first, and put this behavior as a beautiful name: "Curve to save the country."
This shameful term was invented by Zhang Yinwu at this time.
Zhang Yinwu's behavior seriously affected the excellent situation of the anti-Japanese resistance in North China. In the summer of 1939, He Long led his troops to defeat the Hebei Nationalist Army controlled by Zhang Yinwu in one fell swoop.
Zhang Yinwu, who had suffered a crushing defeat, was still not dead hearted, and he ran to Chongqing to complain to Chiang Kai-shek, falsely accusing the Eighth Route Army of sabotaging the united front.
However, when the representative of the Eighth Route Army took out a secret telegram from Zhang Yinwu instructing Chai Enbo to surrender to the Japanese army to "save the country by curve," he denied it and slyly argued that his radio station, codebook, and so on had been snatched away by the Eighth Route Army.
As for Zhang Yinwu's cunning argument, the representative of the Eighth Route Army had already made preparations and took out Zhang Yinwu's diary photos. The diary records the ironclad evidence that Zhang Yinwu instigated the North China Nationalist Army to oppose the Eighth Route Army.
Passwords and telegrams can be forged, but can his handwriting also be forged? Faced with the ironclad facts, Zhang Yinwu was finally speechless.
In the autumn of 1940, due to Zhang Yinwu's repeated frictions with the Eighth Route Army in hebei, Cheng Qian, commander of the First Theater, removed Zhang Yinwu from his post.
Since then, Zhang Yinwu has completely lost his military power. Later, although he held some idle posts under the protection of Chen Cheng, he had lost his old "glory".
After the outbreak of the civil war, Zhang Yinwu was appointed as a general in North China.
However, Zhang Yinwu was not willing to be lonely, and he applied for a special fund from Fu Yisheng and began to recruit scattered soldiers and widows, and the number reached more than 90,000 at the most.
On the eve of the peaceful liberation of Peiping, Zhang Yinwu felt that this was his last chance.
Since Fu Yisheng longed for peace, Zhang Yinwu believed that Yisheng did not have the courage to cope with the complicated situation at that time, and if he wanted to solve the Beiping problem, he still needed to come out of the mountain.
Although Zhang Yinwu is very ambitious, the strength in his hands is limited. Although there are more than 90,000 scattered soldiers, only more than 700 people can pull up and fight at critical moments.
But even so, Zhang Yinwu still did not forget the "addiction of officials", he organized the scattered soldiers under his command into several columns according to the organization of the army, and appointed some "commanders" and "deputy commanders", fantasizing that one day he would be able to pull the troops out to negotiate with the Platon.
On January 22, 1949, Zhang Yinwu panicked when he learned that Fu Yisheng had accepted the Communist Party's conditions for the peaceful liberation of Peiping. In order to cover up his crimes, he ordered his subordinates to quickly burn all documents and stop all activities.
If Zhang Yinwu could clearly understand the situation after the peaceful liberation of Peiping, thoroughly explain his crimes, and completely abandon evil and turn to good, he might have a good ending.
However, when the Beiping Military Control Commission ordered Zhang Yinwu to hand over the hidden weapons, he not only refused to pay, but also secretly contacted the old ministry to carry out armed resistance.
On February 15, 1949, Zhang Yinwu was arrested by the Beiping Military Control Commission.
Later, zhang Yinwu was found to have stomach cancer and was released on medical parole. On May 28, Zhang Yinwu fell ill and died at home.
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