In late spring, it is the annual season of tung blossoms.
The Zhengzhou area is full of purple-flowered paulownia trees
□ Dahe Bao Yu video reporter Liu Rui ChaoWen Bai Zhoufeng photography
In late spring, white flowers wither and purple flowers bloom. In the Central Plains, tung blossoms can be seen everywhere, tung flowers bloom all over the trees, white in purple, purple in white, fragrant and warm. So, is it the sycamore blossom, or the paulownia flower? Is sycamore equal to paulownia flower? What is the difference between paulownia and sycamore? What are the literary and historical stories of tung flowers that have both natural attributes and ornamental value?
As spring was about to leave, we approached the tree full of tung flowers.
season
Tonghua is the flower of Qingming and the flower of late spring
The Qingming Festival has three seasons: one waits for Tong Shihua, the second waits for the voles to turn into donkeys, and the third waits for the rainbow to be seen.
During the Qingming Dynasty, there are three flowers: one waiting for tung flowers, two waiting for wheat flowers, and three waiting for willow flowers.
Qingming, it is the late spring, white flowers fall, red flowers remain, yellow flowers wither, and tung flowers bloom all over the tree, purple flowers like trumpets, trees spray sweet fragrance. In the city, or next to the street, or in the community, purple tung flowers bloom in mid-air. In the countryside, or by the small river, or in the village, the purple color of the paulownia flowers renders the scenery.
Tonghua, also known as the flower of Qingming, the flower of late spring. This is especially evident in the Song Dynasty.
"Tear down the tung flowers, at first remove the rain, wash the clear." (Liu Yong, "Magnolia Flowers Slowly") When the tung flowers bloom in full bloom, it is the time when the rain is clear and clear.
"The family lives in Jiangnan, and it has passed, and the Qingming cold food... Counting the years, the thorny tree flowers are gone, and the cold is weak. The cold food of the Qingming Dynasty has passed, and in the Jiangnan region, the thorny tung flowers have fallen, and the shallow cold of spring is unable to support it, and the weather has officially warmed up.
In the cry of the birds, the spring light turned into a spring dream. Ask Dongjun, who sent the poems... The light luo fan is small, and the tung flower flies to the phoenix. (Jiang Jie's "Pink Butterfly") Jiang Jie, a poet at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote that "streamers are easy to throw people away." Red cherries, green plantains", he also keenly observed that when the spring light became a dream and the spring faded, the kiri blossoms were dazzling.
In fact, in the Tang Dynasty, the tonghua was the flower of late spring, which is also an indisputable fact. "Suddenly seeing the purple tong flowers, the next day is clear." (Bai Juyi's "Cold Food on the Riverside") When "grass and sand are warm", Bai Juyi misses Kyoto and his hometown, and he is worried about the purple trees full of purple trees, "Sorrow comes from it, and it cannot be broken."
Good story
Kirito is the flower of poetry and the flower of friendship
Kirito flowers have both natural and social attributes. During the Middle and Tang Dynasties, the mutual singing between the two great poets in Henan gave Tonghua a new connotation and enhanced its character.
These two Henan poets, one is Bai Juyi and the other is Yuan Shu, and the magic of their friendship is that there seems to be telepathy.
Once, a coincidence was related to the kirito flower. In 810, Yuan Shu was demoted to the rank of Jiangling Shi Cao (曹) and joined the army for attacking his vassals and offending eunuchs. On the way to the zengfeng hall, Yuan Shu stayed at the Zengfeng Museum, and remembered Bai Juyi against the tonghua outside the museum. "The moon shines on the tung flowers, the moon flowers are desert... It is Xiyuan Sijun, Sijun is as thin as a cut... I was in the mountain hall, full of trees and flowers. "The moonlight is faint, the kirito flowers are silent, and it is difficult to think of friends."
Bai Juyi, who was in Chang'an at the time, had a dream after parting with his friend Yuan Shu, and woke up from the dream, and Yuan Shu's letter also arrived. So, he gave back a friend on the way to belittling, a kirishi poem.
"Last night the clouds were scattered, and the moon was the same for thousands of miles. Xiao Lai dreamed of jun, it should be Jun Xiangyi. ...... Before I could say it, there was a knock on the door. Yan is the envoy of Shangzhou, sending a letter to the king... Yun made this book night, and stayed overnight in Shangzhou East. Sitting alone in a lone lamp, in the Yangcheng Mountain Pavilion. Late at night, the mountain moon slopes westward. Under the moon, a tree of purple tung flowers. When the kirito flowers are half-falling, the compound path is acacia..."
This is the magic of their friendship.
Looking at the whole Tang dynasty poems, many poets have written about tonghua, but the tonghua written by Bai Juyi and Yuan Shu is many and good in terms of quantity and quality.
It is said that the poet's wonderful pen gives birth to flowers, and the end of Bai Juyi and Yuan Shu's pen gives birth to purple flowers of friendship.
Records
It is rumored that the phoenix only picks the sycamore perch paulownia mo for the sycamore to see
Regarding Tonghua, the late Tang Dynasty poet Li Shangyin has a poem, "Tonghua Wanli Danshan Road, Young Fengqing in the old phoenix sound." Du Fu also has a poetry cloud, "fragrant rice pecking at the rest of the parrot grain, biwuqi old phoenix branch".
Among them, the allusion is taken from the "Book of Poetry, Daya Scroll", "Wutong Shengyi, Yu Bi Chaoyang." The phoenix sings, in The High Gang", the legend says that the phoenix is not a sycamore and does not inhabit, and the sycamore of the sun is more luxuriant, and the phoenix especially likes to perch, which is the meaning of this poem.
The Northern Wei Jia Sixun's Qi Min Zhi Shu Vol. 5 records the method of planting tung trees. "Tung leaves and flowers and not real people are called white tongs." The real and green people are called sycamores, and according to the present people, with their skin green, they are called 'green trees'. He divided the tung tree into two types: white tung and green tung tree. Among them, the green tree "is born on the leaf ... The stir-fry is beautiful. The taste is like a diamond, and it doesn't hurt to eat more", indicating that the seeds of the green tung can really be eaten.
And "white tree without children", what seems to be fruit on the tree in winter, is actually the flower house of the following spring. White tree "after becoming a tree, let it be a musical instrument", wood can be used as a musical instrument, equivalent to today's paulownia tree.
In ancient times, there were special writings on tung trees. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Chen Yi, who was repeatedly frustrated by the field, called himself "Tongzhu Jun" because he loved the plane tree. He immersed himself in the study of famous agricultural books such as "Qi Min Zhi Shu", planted hundreds of tung trees and bamboo around the house, and studied their habits, so as to realize his personal ambitions.
After several years of creation, he wrote the book "Tong Spectrum". This is the earliest monograph on paulownia on the mainland, but the fatal mistake of this book is to misuse the literature materials about sycamores in the past as paulownia materials. What he planted in the hermitage west mountain was a paulownia tree, and the information quoted was a plane tree.
In fact, such mistakes still exist today. I believe that when you see the tung blossoms blooming, everyone will blurt out, "The plane tree has blossomed again." In fact, the tung trees that bloom purple flowers seen in the Zhengzhou area are basically paulownia trees.
distinguish
Paulownia sycamore has different genera in different families
Paulownia and Paulownia, the difference between the two, is not only a literal "one-word difference". Sycamore, also known as Qingtong, is a deciduous tree of the sycamore family, with straight blue branches, and the Flora of China records that it is "produced in the northern and southern provinces of the mainland, from Hainan Island in Guangdong to North China." Most of them are artificially planted", which is "an ornamental tree planted in a garden".
Paulownia is a deciduous tree of the paulownia genus in the family Phylloscopus, and the flower color is mainly lilac and white. The varieties of paulownia include Lankao paulownia, paulownia, white flower paulownia, purple flower paulownia, southern paulownia and so on.
The distinction between the two is more obvious in the leaf morphology, among which the leaf heart of the sycamore is heart-shaped, palm-shaped 3 to 5 lobes, lobed triangle, apex tapering, and basal heart-shaped. The leaves of Paulownia are long ovate and sometimes ovate, with a long tapering or sharp tip at the apex.
Paulownia wood is of higher value
Although the aforementioned Chen Yi used the paulownia tree he planted as a plane tree, the book "Tong Spectrum" still has great value. The first is to divide the tung tree into purple and white flowers, distinguishing the sycamore from the paulownia. At the same time, the "Tong Genealogy" records different varieties of tung trees such as white flower tree, purple flower tree, oil tree, thorn tree, plane tree, and zhao tong.
The "Tung Spectrum" points out the use value of the tung tree. The Seventh Book of Tong Spectra records that "the material of Fu Tong ... Harvesting from time to time, without moths; wet and not decaying; wind and sun exposure, not cracking; rain splashing mud, not withering moss; dry and wet, and its quality is unchanged", compared with other woods, tung wood is corrosion-resistant and not easy to be mothed. In addition, the tung tree also has the characteristics of fast growth and gentle material.
Our common paulownia trees, in the late spring, have a certain ornamentality. Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica, Kibe Kirito" records, "Tonghua is a barrel, so it is called a tong." Its material is light and vain, the color is white and has a pattern, so it is commonly known as white tung, paulownia, and ancient chair tung also".
Shin Shin cute person, paulownia flower also.