1. According to the classification of the consumption content of production factors reflected in the quota, the project quota can be divided into three types: labor consumption quota, mechanical consumption quota and material consumption quota.
2. The main manifestation of labor quota is the time quota, but it is also manifested as the output quota. The time quota and the production quota are reciprocal to each other.
3. According to the classification of the use of the quota, it can be divided into five types: construction quota (nature of enterprise quota), budget quota, budget estimate quota, estimated budget indicator, and investment estimation index.
4. The project division of the construction quota is very detailed, which is the most detailed sub-item and the largest number of sub-items in the project quota, and it is also the basic quota in the project quota.
5. The budget quota is prepared with the sub-project and structural components in the project as the object.
6. The budget estimate quota is prepared for the expansion of sub-projects or the expansion of structural components. It is the basis for preparing and expanding the preliminary design estimates and determining the amount of investment in construction projects.
7. The budget estimate indicator is the expansion and merger of the budget estimate quota, which is based on the entire building and structure as the object, and is prepared in a more expanded unit of measurement.
8, investment estimation indicators, it is very general, often based on independent single projects or complete projects as the calculation object, the compilation content is the sum of all project costs.
9. According to the classification of the scope of application of the quota, the project quota is divided into three types: the national general quota, the industry general quota and the professional special quota.
10. The enterprise quota is a quota formulated by the free construction enterprise considering the specific conditions of the enterprise and referring to the level of the national, departmental or regional quota. Enterprise quotas are only used within the enterprise. Under the method of metering, the enterprise quota is playing an increasingly important role as the basis for the construction enterprise to bid and quote for construction projects.
11. Characteristics of project quota:
(1) Scientific: refers to the adaptation of the project quota to the level of development of the productive forces, reflecting the objective law of production and consumption in the construction of the project. Make use of the achievements of modern scientific management to form a set of systematic, complete, and effective methods in practice
(2) Systematic: Engineering quotas are relatively opposing systems. It is an organic whole made up of a combination of multiple quotas. Its structure is complex, hierarchical and targeted.
(3) Unity: The unity of the project quota is mainly determined by the state's planned macro-control function for economic development. There are unified procedures, unified principles, unified requirements and unified uses.
(4) Guidance: The objective basis for the guidance of the project quota is the scientific nature of the quota.
(5) Stability and timeliness
12. The characteristic of the quota pricing method is the combination of quantity and price.
13. Direct project fee = direct project fee + measure fee
Unit project estimated cost = unit project direct cost + indirect cost + profit + tax
Estimated cost of a single project = ∑ unit project estimated budget cost + equipment and tools purchase cost
The estimated cost of all projects of the construction project = ∑ the estimated cost of the single project + the reserve fee + other related costs
14. By 2008, a new version of the construction project bill of quantities valuation specification was introduced, marking the gradual improvement of the application of the mainland bill of quantities valuation method.
15. The use of project construction quotas to calculate the project cost is between the national pricing and the national guidance price in terms of price formation.
16. In the stage of national guidance price, the characteristics of price formation are: plan control, national guidance and competition.
17. In the stage of state regulation and control of prices, the characteristics of price formation are: competition formation, spontaneous fluctuations, and spontaneous adjustment.
18. Sub-project project fee = ∑ sub-project quantity * Corresponding sub-project comprehensive unit price
Measure project fee = ∑ the measure project fee
Other project fees = provisional amount + provisional valuation + daily work + general contracting service fee
Unit project quotation = sub-project project fee + measure project fee + other project fee + fee + tax
Single project quotation = ∑ unit project quotation
The total quotation of the construction project = the quotation of ∑ single project
19. All engineering construction projects that use state-owned capital investment or state-owned capital investment shall implement the method of project quantity list valuation to determine and calculate the project cost.
20. The activities of the bill of quantities include: the preparation of the bill of quantities, the control price of the bidding, the preparation of the bidding quotation, the agreement on the contract price of the project, the handling of the settlement of the completion, and the activities of engineering measurement, project price payment, claim and on-site visa, project price adjustment and project valuation dispute handling during the construction process.
21. The role of project bill of quantities valuation: to provide a level of competition conditions, to meet the needs of competition under the conditions of market economy, is conducive to improving the efficiency of project pricing, can truly achieve rapid quotation, is conducive to the allocation of project funds and the final settlement of project costs, and is conducive to the owner's control of investment.
22. The difference between the bill of quantities valuation method and the quota pricing method:
(1) The biggest difference between the two models is that it reflects the different pricing stages in the development process of the mainland construction market
(2) The main basis for the valuation of the two models and their properties are different
(3) The main body of the preparation of the amount of engineering is different
(4) The composition of the unit price and the quotation is different
(5) The application stage is different
(6) The contract price is adjusted in different ways
(7) The bill of quantities valuation lists the construction measure consumption separately and includes it in the scope of competition. This feature is also the essential difference between the quantity calculation rules of the fixed amount and the engineering quantity calculation rules of the bill of quantities valuation specification.
23. The three elements of productivity: workers, labor objects, and labor tools.
24. The process is inseparable in organization and technically belongs to the same kind of construction process in the operation process, and the workers remain unchanged, and the labor objects, labor tools and work places remain unchanged.
25. The work project is a combination of processes that are organically related in technical operations completed by the same worker or the same group. It is characterized by the same staffing establishment, the same duty station and the fact that materials and tools can be changed.
26. The working hours of workers are divided into: the time that must be consumed and the lost time
The time that must be consumed includes working time, rest time, and unavoidable interruption time
Lost time includes: excess and accidental time, downtime time, lost time in violation of labor discipline (caused by the construction itself, not caused by the construction itself)
27. Quota consideration: time to be consumed, occasional working hours, and downtime caused by non-construction itself
28. Excess work is work in which the worker performs work other than the task and does not increase the quantity of the product.
29, occasional work is also the work of the worker outside the task, but can obtain a certain product.
30. The downtime caused by the construction itself is due to poor construction organization, untimely supply of materials, poor preparation of the work surface, and poor organization of the work site.
31. The downtime caused by the construction itself is the downtime caused by the interruption of water sources and power supplies.
32, machine work: the inevitable load-free working time, is caused by the characteristics of the construction process and the characteristics of the mechanical structure of the mechanical loadless working time. For example: road builders turn around, etc
33, the inevitable interruption of working time is related to the characteristics of the process, the use and maintenance of the machine, the rest of the workers.
35. Continuous method measurement is also called continuous method measurement time. It is more accurate and perfect than when selecting methods, but the observation technique is also more complex.
36. The realistic recording method can obtain all the information necessary to analyze the consumption of working hours and set quotas. This method of measurement is relatively simple, easy to master, and guarantees the necessary accuracy. The object of observation can be either a worker or a group of workers.
The numerical representation method is one of the most accurate of the three realistic recording methods to observe 2 workers at the same time.
The diagram method can observe up to 3 workers at the same time.
Mixed realist records are applicable to collective realistic records of more than 3 workers' working hours.
37. The working day realism method is the basic information for obtaining the preparation quota; It is to check the implementation of the quota. with test methods. Compared with the realistic recording method, it has the advantages of simple technology, little effort, wide application and comprehensive data, and it is a method that adopts a relatively wide range of compilation and equal amounts in the mainland.
38. Process operation time = basic working time + auxiliary working time
39. Quota time = process operation time / (1 - specification time%)
40. Materials that must be consumed, including: materials directly used in construction and installation projects, unavoidable construction waste, and unavoidable material loss.
41. The basic method of determining the material consumption: field technical measurement method, laboratory test method, field statistics method, theoretical calculation method.
42. Labor unit price composition: basic wage, wage subsidy, auxiliary wage for production workers, employee welfare fee, labor protection fee for production worker.
43. Average annual monthly statutory working days = (annual calendar days - statutory holidays) / 12
44. Basic wage = average monthly wage of production workers / average monthly statutory working days per year
45. Auxiliary wages for production workers refer to the wages of production workers on invalid working days other than the number of effective construction days in the year, including wages during the study and training period of employees, wages during work transfers, family visits and vacations, wages for work stoppage due to climate impact, wages for breastfeeding time for female workers, wages for sick leave within 6 months, and wages for maternity, marriage and funeral leave.
46. The material price refers to the comprehensive average price of materials leaving the warehouse after reaching the construction site warehouse from its place of origin. The price of materials is generally composed of the original price of materials, material transportation and miscellaneous costs, transportation loss costs, procurement and storage fees.
47. Miscellaneous material transportation fees include all costs incurred during transportation and transit crossing costs, including shunting and barge fees, loading and unloading costs, transportation costs and additional work costs.
48. Procurement and storage fees include procurement fees, storage fees, site management fees and storage losses.
49. Material base price = (supply price + transportation and miscellaneous charges) * (1 + transportation loss fee) * (1 + purchase and storage rate%)
50. Factors affecting the price change of materials: changes in market supply and demand, changes in material production costs, the number of circulation links and material supply system, transportation distance and transportation methods, and international market conditions.
51. The unit price of a construction machinery shift refers to all the costs incurred in a work shift under normal operating conditions of a construction machinery.
52. Depreciation fee = machinery budget price * (1 - salvage rate) * time value coefficient / durable total desk class
Time value coefficient = 1 + (depreciation period + 1) * annual discount rate (%)/2
53. Bench shift major repair cost = one major repair fee * number of major repair costs during the life cycle / durable general bench shift
54. Regular repair fee = Taiban overhaul fee * K
55. The installation and demolition fee refers to the labor, materials, machinery and trial operation costs required for the installation and dismantling of the construction machinery on the site, as well as the depreciation, erection and demolition of mechanical auxiliary facilities. According to the different construction machinery, it is divided into three types: included in the unit price of the shift, calculated separately and not calculated separately.
56. For small machinery and some medium-sized machinery that moves frequently between construction sites, the installation and demolition fee and off-site freight should be included in the unit price of the shift. The transport distance should be calculated at 25KM.
57. For special and large (including a small number of medium-sized) machinery with certain difficulty in moving, the installation and dismantling fee and the over-the-counter freight should be calculated separately.
58. The installation and dismantling fees and off-site freight of machinery that do not need to be installed, disassembled and can be operated by themselves and fixed in the workshop without installation, disassembly and transportation are not calculated.
59. Labor cost refers to the working day labor cost of the driver and other operators on the plane and the labor cost of the above personnel outside the annual workbench class specified by the construction machinery.
60. The budget quota is the basis for the analysis of economic activities by the construction unit. The materialized labor and labor consumption indicators stipulated in the budget quota are the highest standards allowed for consumption by the construction unit in production and operation.
61. The principle of weaving budget quotas: (1) The principle of determining budget quotas according to the average social level. (2) Principles of concise application. (3) Adhere to the principle of combining unity and difference.
62. The details for the preparation of budget quotas mainly include: unified preparation of tables and preparation methods; Relevant uniformity provisions, unified names, unified words, unified professional language, unified symbol codes.
63. The budget quota and the construction quota measurement unit are often different. The unit of measurement of the construction quota is generally determined according to the process or construction process; The unit of measurement of the budget quota is mainly determined according to the physical characteristics of the sub-project engineering and structural components and their changes.
64. The labor quota includes two parts: basic employment and other employment.
Labor amplitude difference = (basic employment + auxiliary employment + over-distance employment) * artificial amplitude difference coefficient
65. The difference in the amplitude of the mechanical bench shift refers to the time that is not included in the scope specified in the construction quota, and it is inevitable to affect the machinery or stop the machinery in actual construction. Including: (1) the time when the construction machinery transfers the working surface and the supporting machinery interact with each other (2) The unavoidable process interval during the construction of the machinery under normal construction conditions, (3) the time lost when the workload is not full at the beginning or end of the project(4) The time when the quality of the project affects the mechanical operation (5) The time when the temporary shutdown and power outage affect the mechanical operation (6) The downtime caused by mechanical maintenance.
66. Budget quota mechanical consumption shift = construction quota mechanical consumption shift * (1 + mechanical amplitude difference coefficient)
67. The estimated budget quota is to determine the number of labor, materials and mechanical shifts required by the qualified unit to expand the sub-project or the unit to expand the structural components on the basis of the budget quota, so the estimated budget quota is also called the expanded structural quota.
68. The preparation of the budget estimate quota is generally carried out in three stages, namely, the preparation stage, the preparation stage and the review and finalization stage.
69. There is a certain range of differences between the estimated budget quota level and the budget quota level, and the amplitude difference is generally within 5%.
70. Unit price of full cost of sub-project = unit price of direct project cost of sub-project (base price) * (1 + indirect rate) * (1 + profit margin) * (1 + tax rate)
71. The estimated budget quota is based on the unit expansion sub-project or the unit expansion of structural components as the object, while the estimated budget indicator is based on the entire building and structure as the object.
72. The estimated budget indicators can be divided into two categories, one is the construction project budget estimate indicators, and the other is the installation project budget estimate indicators.
73. In the representation of specific content, the budget estimate indicators are divided into two forms: comprehensive indicators and individual indicators.
74. The comprehensive budget estimate indicator is an estimated budget indicator formulated according to the type of industrial or civil building and its structure. The comprehensive budget estimate indicators are more general, and their accuracy and pertinence are not as good as individual indicators.
75. Individual budget estimate indicators refer to budget estimates prepared for a certain building or structure. The targeting of individual budget estimates is strong, so the form of the project structure should be introduced in the index. As long as the structural form and content of the project are consistent with the project overview in the individual indicators, the design estimate prepared is more accurate.
76. The investment estimation index belongs to the technical and economic indicators for estimated investment in the early stage of project construction, including static investment in the implementation stage, and dynamic investment in the pre-construction and delivery trial period, that is, the total investment amount of project construction.
77. Investment estimation indicators can generally be divided into three levels: comprehensive indicators of construction projects, individual engineering indicators and unit engineering indicators.
78. The comprehensive indicators of construction projects refer to the total investment amount that should be included in the total investment of the construction project from the beginning of the establishment of the project to the completion of the acceptance and delivery of the total investment of the construction project according to the regulations, including the investment of a single project, other costs of project construction and preparatory fees.
79. Individual project indicators refer to all investment amounts in a single project that can independently exert production capacity or use benefits according to regulations, including construction project costs, installation project costs, equipment, tools and production furniture purchase costs and other costs that may be included.
80. The unit engineering indicators shall be included in the cost of engineering projects that can be independently designed and constructed according to regulations, that is, the cost of construction and installation projects.
81. The preparation of investment estimation indicators is divided into: the stage of collecting and sorting out data, the stage of balance adjustment, and the stage of measurement and review.
82. The bill of quantities refers to the detailed list of the names and corresponding quantities of sub-projects, measures projects, other projects, fee items and tax items of the construction project.
83. The bill of quantities must be used as a component of the bidding documents, and its accuracy and completeness shall be the responsibility of the bidder.
84. The partial item quantity list shall include the project code, project name, project characteristics, unit of measurement and quantity.
85. The item code of the sub-item bill of quantities is set in a five-level code, represented by twelve Arabic numerals. The first level represents the engineering classification sequence code. The second level represents the professional engineering sequence code. The third level represents the partial engineering sequence code. The fourth level represents the sub-project name sequence code. The fifth level represents the bill of quantities item name sequence code.
86, construction engineering is 01, decoration and decoration engineering is 02, installation engineering is 03, municipal engineering is 04, landscaping engineering is 05, mining engineering is 06.
87. The content that must be described in the characteristics of the sub-project quantity project: (1) the content involving correct measurement: such as the size of the door and window opening or the size of the frame periphery (2) the content involving structural requirements: such as the strength grade of concrete components (3) the content involving material requirements: such as the variety of paint, the material of the pipe, etc. (4) the content involving the installation method: such as the connection of steel pipes in pipeline projects.
88. The code of the supplementary items consists of the sequential code of the appendix with B and three Arabic numerals.
89. The occurrence of measure project costs is related to the use time, construction method or more than two processes, and most of them have little to do with the actual amount of physical engineering completed.
90. Other project list and pricing summary table: The provisional valuation of materials enters the comprehensive unit price of the list items, and is not summarized here.
91. The provisional amount refers to a sum tentatively determined by the tenderer and included in the contract. The establishment of the provisional amount does not guarantee that the contract settlement price will not exceed the contract price again, and whether the contract price will be exceeded depends entirely on the accuracy of the forecast of the provisional amount by the preparation of the bill of quantities, and whether there are other events in the construction process that have not been predicted in advance. Tuned by the tenderer. Bidders shall include provisional amounts in the total bid price.
92. The provisional valuation of professional projects shall generally be a comprehensive provisional valuation, which shall include management fees, profits and other fees other than fees and taxes. The provisional valuation of professional projects shall be included in the total bidding price.
93. The so-called sporadic work applicable to day-counting generally refers to additional work that is not agreed in the contract or arising from changes, and there is no corresponding item in the bill of quantities, especially those that are difficult to agree on in advance. The name and quantity of the items in this table shall be filled in by the bidder, and the unit price shall be quoted by the bidder independently and shall be included in the total bid price.
94. The general contracting service fee, the bidder shall anticipate the cost and pay the bidder according to the bidder's bidding quotation.
95. Characteristics of project cost information: regional, diverse, professional, systematic, dynamic and seasonal.
96. The principles that must be considered in the classification of project cost information: stability, compatibility, scalability, and comprehensive practicability.
97. Specific classification of project cost information:
(1) According to the perspective of the management organization, it can be divided into systematization and non-systematization
(2) According to the form, it can be divided into file type and non-file type
(3) According to the transmission direction, it can be divided into horizontal transmission and longitudinal transmission
(4) According to the reflection surface, it can be divided into macro and micro
(5) Chronomorphic points, which can be divided into past and present
(6) According to the degree of stability, it can be divided into fixed and flowing
98. Labor price information. (1) Manual price information of physical engineering quantity of construction projects. This kind of price information is based on different classification criteria for construction projects (2) Labor cost information for construction work types. It is classified according to the type of work of construction workers.
99. Material price information. In the release of material price information, information such as material category, specification, unit price, supply area, supply unit and release date should be disclosed.
100, machinery price information. Machinery price information includes two parts: equipment market price information and equipment rental market price information. Relatively speaking, the latter is more important for project pricing.
101, to establish a cost data database, the first problem is the classification and coding of the project.
102. Construction cost savings = present value of approved budget estimates - present value of construction costs
103. Construction cost reduction rate = construction cost savings / approved budget estimates * 100%
104, used as the basic data of technical and economic analysis, which is the key to the control of cost from static to dynamic.
105. Index is a unique analytical method and means used to statistically study the magnitude and trend of quantitative changes in socio-economic phenomena.
106. The index is divided into individual index and total index according to the different ranges of phenomena it reflects.
According to the nature of the phenomenon reflected, it is divided into quantitative index and quality index index.
According to the different base periods used, it can be divided into fixed base index and chain index
According to the different methods of preparation, it is divided into a composite index and an average index. The composite index is the basic form of the aggregate index, and the average index is the deformation of the composite index.
107, a variety of individual price indexes, belonging to the individual index.
108, equipment, tools price index. Belongs to the total index. So it can be expressed in the form of a composite index
109. Construction and installation project cost index. Due to the complexity of the composition, it is generally expressed in the form of an average exponent
110. Cost index of construction projects or individual projects. It belongs to the total index, because it is similar to 109, it is generally expressed in the form of an average index.
111. The general principle for determining the same metric factor is that the quality index index should use the quantitative index of the reporting period as the same metric factor, that is, the Use of The Paix Formula; The quantitative index should be based on the quality index of the base period as the same measure factor, that is, using the Lattice formula.
112. Price index of equipment and tools = ∑ (unit price of equipment and tools in the reporting period * number of purchases in the reporting period) / ∑ (unit price of equipment and tools in the base period * number of purchases in the reporting period)
113, construction and installation project cost index =
114, construction project or single project index =
115. The basic principles of project cost information management: standardization principle, effectiveness principle, quantitative principle, timeliness principle, efficient processing principle.
116. Based on direct fees
Enterprise management fee rate = average annual management fee for production workers * Labor costs as a proportion of direct costs
Annual effective number of construction days * labor unit price