In December 1741, Princess Elizabeth of the Russian Empire, dressed in breastplate, went to the camp of the Legion of Preabrazhensky, and then led her to the Winter Palace, where the guards defected, and they successfully arrested the regents Anna Leopoldovna and Anton Ulrich, the young Russian Emperor Ivan VI and his sister Princess Catherine, who was only four months old, were also taken away, and the entire Brunswick family was captured, and the German power of the court was swept away.
Princess Elizabeth's coup was a success, and she became the sixth emperor and third empress of the Romanov dynasty of Russia, known as Elizabeth I Petrovna.
In the book "The Rose and the Sword", American military historian, best-selling author and columnist Jonathan W. Jordan and daughter female history researcher and best-selling author Emily Anna Jordan select 12 outstanding female leaders who have been influential in history, showing their courage and wisdom, and revealing the difficulties and challenges they have faced.
Elizabeth I Petrovna was one of the most sophisticated politicians, skillfully using diplomacy to weaken her enemies.
Elizabeth I Petrovna was the youngest daughter of Peter the Great and Ekalina I Alexeyevna and was loved by her parents.
Peter the Great wanted to marry Elizabeth I Petrovna to King Louis XV of France, but the French Bourbons refused, so Peter the Great chose Karl August, the son of the Duke of Holstein, but before he could be engaged to Elizabeth I Petrovna, Karl Augustus died.
During the reign of Ekalina I Alexievna, Elizabeth I Petrovna was neglected and never married, while her sister Princess Anna was married to Karl Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Germany.
In 1727, Catherine I died and was succeeded by Peter the Great and his ex-wife Peter II Alexievich, grandson of his ex-wife, Pyotr Dorovna Lophinna.
Peter II Alexievich was the only son of Charlotte Christina, the half-brother of Elizabeth I Petrovna, and Charlotte Christina, the sister of Empress Elizabeth Christina of The Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI, although the two were similar in age and had been close playmates since childhood.
Duke Golovkin and Count Ostermann and others had suggested that Peter II Alexievich marry his aunt Elizabeth I Petrovna, so as not only to add to the family, but also to avoid the struggle for the throne, but was opposed by most nobles, and Elizabeth I Petrovna did not have this intention, but Peter II Alexievich was very dependent on Elizabeth I Petrovna, and once it was found that Elizabeth I Petrovna had a boyfriend, he tried to transfer the other party to a foreign country.
In 1730, Peter II Alexievich died, and because she had no heirs, Elizabeth I Petrovna, as the only immediate family member, had inherited the throne, but the powerful nobles were reluctant to let her succeed to the throne, and chose Anna I Ivanovna, the second daughter of Peter the Great's eldest brother Ivan V.
After Anna I Ivanovna ascended the throne, various stubbles were sought by Elizabeth I Petrovna, and finally Elizabeth I Petrov moved to St. Petersburg.
Anna I Ivanovna reused her lover and favorite, Biron, to crack down on disobedient nobles, which led many to put their treasures on Elizabeth I Petrovna.
In October 1740, Anna I Ivanovna, in order to allow Biron to remain in power behind her, chose Ivan VI Antonovic, the son of Anna Leopoldovna of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, as her heir.
Soon after, Anna I Ivanovna died, and Ivan VI Antonovich, who was not yet 1 year old, became Emperor of the Russian Empire.
Anna Leopoldovna and her husband, Duke Antony Ulrich of Brunswick, were dissatisfied with the dictatorship of Birón and soon expelled him, but the german Brunswick family power represented by Ivan VI Antonovich displeased the nobles of the Russian Empire, and Elizabeth I Petrovna eventually took the throne in a coup d'état on the advice of her lover, the Marquis de Laschettadi, and the imperial physician Letoc.
After ascending the throne, Elizabeth I Petrovna announced the restoration of Peter the Great's policy, ostensibly keen on organizing masquerade balls and various amusements, but in fact taking advantage of the relationship between his ministers and the various nobles to promote various policies.
In the war with the Kingdom of Sweden, the Russians won and occupied a small piece of land originally belonging to Finland, and then signed an alliance treaty with Austria, relying on diplomatic means to mediate the Austrian-Prussian and Austrian-French relations in the War of the Austrian Succession, and gained no small benefit.
In 1756, Britain declared war on France, and the Seven-Year War broke out, forming a situation in which Prussia, Britain, Portugal, etc. were used against Austria, France, Russia, etc.; the following year, the Russian Empire joined the war, and because Marshal Stepan Fyodorovich Aparachin was ineffective, Elizabeth I Petrovna recalled him to prison.
In 1758, the Russian army was commanded by Villim Wilimovich Fermore, and although the battle was effective, Elizabeth I Petrovna believed that he had not been able to completely annihilate the Prussian army in one fell swoop, and the following year appointed Peter Semyonovich Saltkov to succeed him; in October 1760, the Russian-Austrian army briefly occupied the Prussian capital of Berlin.
In January 1762, Elizabeth I Petrovna died, and was succeeded by her nephew Peter III Fyodorovich because she was unmarried and without heirs.
Peter III Fyodorovich, the son of Princess Anna Petrovna and Duke Karl Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp of Sweden, was originally intended to inherit the Swedish throne before being taken back to the Russian Empire by Elizabeth I Petrovna. Peter III Fyodorovich had his heart set on Prussia and soon signed a peace treaty with Prussia, abandoning the fruits of victory.
In June 1762, Empress Catherine Alexievna used the Ban on the Ban to stage a coup d'état, and Peter III Fyodorovich was forced to abdicate, and the Empress succeeded to the throne, known as Catherine II Alexievna, also known as Catherine the Great.
From the hot deserts of ancient Persia to the endless steppes of Central Asia in the Middle Ages to the desolate archipelagos of the modern South Atlantic, the most powerful women in history have either hidden behind the scenes to formulate perfect strategies or perform brilliant tactics on the bloody fronts, with different skin colors, ages, and leadership styles, but equally dangerous and deadly to their enemies. "Roses and Swords" restores their temperament from historical texts, listens to their voices, and recreates their legends.