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Now, scientists finally understand how spiders fly.
Oh no, misplaced, here it is:
Scientists at the University of California hypothesized that spiders, though they had no wings, could fly on the negative charge of spitting out spider silk on their own, as well as an electric field formed by a positive potential field in Earth's atmosphere.
Based on this hypothesis, the research team conducted a serious force analysis and numerical simulation, and the experimental results were published in the journal Physiological Review E in the field of statistical physics and nonlinear physics:
Netizens discussed this warmly and said:
The time when spiders dominated the world is not far away!
But before the spider actually rules the world, let's first look at how it flies.
(This article does not contain any spider HD images, readers can eat with confidence)
How do spiders fly by electric fields?
First, the scientists built a three-dimensional numerical model that included viscosity, spider silk, the weight and size of spiders, electrostatic uplift, repulsion, and elastic bending forces to explore the dynamics of expansion and unfolding of spider silk in airflow.
As shown in the figure, a spider spitting out spider silk can be reduced to a model like this:
A solid sphere about 2 mm in diameter, topped with 2, 4 or 8 silk threads very close to each other (100 microns), starting in a vertical direction, each with an electric charge attached to it.
Regarding how the electrostatic charge is carried on the silk thread, the researchers believe that this may be the rapid loading of the charge during the spider's process of making the spider silk, or the friction with the air flow when the silk is spit after the production is completed.
To study the interaction of fluid structures with electric fields, numerical simulation involves three parts:
The elastic deformation of the line is calculated by the discrete elastic rod (DER) method, that is, the resistance theory (RFT) method of bending, twisting and stretching, etc. calculates the viscosity force of the hydrodynamics of spiders and silk threads caused by atmospheric potential gradients and filament charge electrostatic force
Specifically, in numerical simulations, spiders are modeled as a network of elastic rods.
One of the nodes x0 represents the spider body, with Nt nodes per line. For a spider with nt bars, the total number of nodes is ntNt+1, the vector between two consecutive nodes is edges, and each thread consists of Nt bars:
The stretching, bending, and rotation of the edges are analyzed using a framework like this:
In simulation experiments, the spider stands still from the ground and then begins to be "lifted" by an electric field.
The charged, initial silk threads attach to the spider, and the mutual repulsion between the threads causes them to separate for a period of time. As the spider accelerates upwards, the downward resistance increases, offsetting the upward force along with the gravity of the spider itself.
Eventually, Charbel Habchi, a researcher on the team, came to a conclusion:
We believe that at least the small spiders can be levitated by an electric field without any updraft help. Larger spiders, on the other hand, need to be pushed by upward airflow.
"Got it, spiders use the Force"
For this study, the majority of netizens have personally staged a wave of real shock bodies.
I opened my mouth wide in shock, but I was afraid that a hundred little spiders would fly in.
Huge swarms of spiders envelop and attack the entire North Georgia district and surrounding areas. It's a really good sci-fi concept.
Someone below replied: Don't say it again, I'm going to yue...
And the Star Wars Terrier is late but late:
So spiders use the Force.