Reading ReviewReading Book Sharing: Taking its Essence (8) "Reasoning" Chen Jiaying
Facts in modern philosophy refer to themselves in the general sense, but they are increasingly developing in a narrow and strict direction. We can speculate that something has happened, or that something is going to happen, but we can't take that as a fact. Things arise and die in the moment, one thing gives rise to another, one fact does not give rise to another, but logically supports a conclusion.
When we choose different facts, things will take on different faces, and in order to argue what establishes the facts, we look for facts. Facts themselves cannot tell us which facts are about facts and what are decisive facts, it is the things we are arguing that determine all this.
The certainty of facts and facts are independent of each other, there is no external marker that can be used to firmly establish what is a fact and what is not a fact, and many facts require painstaking analysis, careful observation and complex experimentation. Facts without an ultimate are not without facts, just as a high temperature without an ultimate is not a high temperature without a high temperature.
True theories almost always arise in the interpretation of "facts to be explained," and when it comes to deeper truths, bland facts are the most explanatory. On the contrary, new theories often turn ordinary facts into obtrusive facts, and the important distinction in ordinary arguments is between individual facts and general facts, rather than pure logic and pure facts.
Verification does not come from all the inferences of the conclusion, but from the conclusion itself, and the more independent a fact is, the more it has nothing to do with the reasoning, position, likes and dislikes it is trying to prove. The more irrelevant facts are used to testify, the greater the probative effect, and the main point of a factual attitude is to cut off the connection between a certain thing and the actual situation, so that it acquires an independent character.
We always search for facts for a certain purpose, in order to open up the possibility of something leading to other conclusions, and the way facts speak strives to separate evaluation from facts. This has caused our lives today to be filled with information, but it is difficult to find the information we need to search for, and much of the information we receive is meaningless in comparison.
Different people may make different judgments based on the same facts, which does not mean attaching the value of their preferences to facts, but rather associating the same facts with different situations. If facts themselves have no value, then it can only be said that they have instrumental value, and only if facts can provide valuable arguments for judgment and argument.
We have not seen what the ultimate truth looks like, but this does not prevent us from searching for the truth, nor does it mean that we cannot distinguish between truth and falsehood.
Author: Shang Yulan