Inscription: In the past, some people commented that they wrote things "sword to the side", as if it was not, or where they wanted to go, and wrote it down by hand, so that they could look at it in the future and recall their "memories".
These days around the epidemic, in fact, there are still many entertainment industry "breaking news", such as Luo Dance God, to be honest, personally still like Luo Dance, really a skill! Acting is also a good place! But what I didn't expect was that after the personal affairs broke out, it caused the guidance of public opinion. Where to find talk after dinner? Where is the chat not awkward? Nature is the happiest of these gossip.
Some netizens can't help but throw out various speculations, many of which have been titled the title of Luo Wushen's "sex addiction". Without further ado, let's talk about this today – about sex addiction disorder!
Image source: Stand Cool Helo
First, what is "sex addiction" and what is a sex addiction disorder?
In fact, "sex addiction" is often called sexual addiction disorder in academia.
There is no unified view on how the pattern of behavior of sexual addiction disorder is defined and how it is named.
The first view is that sex addiction is an addiction.
"Sex addiction" has a significant "increase in tolerance, withdrawal reactions, cessation or reduction of sexual behavior can cause anxiety" these phenomena, in line with the characteristics of addiction.
This is actually very similar to the so-called "Internet addiction", which is that after the development of the times, people began to develop from material dependence such as alcohol addiction and drug addiction to behavioral addiction. Like the "addiction" of the Internet, the demand for sex of "sex addiction" will become more and more important in terms of quantity or intensity.
The second view is that the act should be defined by compulsive sex.
I may want to control my sexual activity, but I can't control it, and I will continue to do it despite the adverse consequences of the behavior.
It's similar to how some people have to wash their hands repeatedly, perform ritualistic gestures compulsively, sing the same song over and over again, and overeat.
The deep reason is to reduce your anxiety through sex rather than simply getting pleasure!
The third view is to think of sex addiction disorder as an impulse control disorder.
This view sees the occurrence of patterns of sexual behavior as a lack of control over impulsive behavior, rather than hypersexuality. At this time, there is a difference between the second concept, that compulsion is to relieve anxiety, and impulse is to seek pleasure!
The two, the primary driving force is different!
The three concepts have their own emphases, but how to define them is still immature.
However, it is certain that neutral addiction disorders are classified as non-material addiction disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disorders (DSM-V), which is regarded as classic in psychology and clinical psychiatry.
Second, the diagnosis of sexual addiction
Whether it is addiction symptoms or obsessive-compulsive symptoms, "sex addiction" patients will inevitably lead to great damage to their daily work and life due to indulgence in sexual behavior; due to excessively frequent sex life, it will also cause damage to the body and spirit.
Clinical physicians and psychiatrists, who are more vocal in the field, have been working to develop psychological assessment and diagnostic criteria for sexual addiction disorders.
Interested parties can search for the PATHOS Project questionnaire, which is a relatively short screening questionnaire for sexual addiction disorders; of course, Ariel Goodman and Patrick Carness are the more mainstream diagnostic criteria!
Diagnostic criteria must meet the following three conditions at the same time:
i. The problem lasts longer than 6 months, has repeated and intense sexual fantasies, sexual cravings, or sexual behaviors, and simultaneously meets at least 3 of the following 5: spending a great deal of time in planning and having sex; repeated sexual fantasies, sexual desires, or sexual behaviors that cause restless mental states (e.g., anxiety, depression, boredom, irritability); repeated sexual fantasies, sexual cravings, or sexual behaviors that lead to stressful life events; and repeated and continuous efforts to control or reduce sexual fantasies, sexual desires, or sexual behaviors, But it still failed to be controlled; repeated sexual behavior ignored the physical and mental harm to oneself and others.
ii. The high frequency and intensity of sexual fantasies, sexual cravings or sexual acts that cause distress or influence on the individual in social, occupational or other important functional areas;
These sexual fantasies, cravings or sexual acts are not physiological reactions resulting from the use of extrinsic substances, such as drug abuse or drug abuse.
Whether it is assessment or diagnosis, the original intention is to provide opportunities for help, correction and treatment for people with special needs, which is also the responsibility and obligation of a mature society.
However, when the definition of "sex addiction" is formed, it will have a typical double-edged sword effect: on the one hand, people who really need help may be labeled and put under the magnifying glass of society to be intentionally or unintentionally harmed; on the other hand, some people with moral deficiencies may use it as their protective color to avoid the blame they deserve.
Worth pondering!
Third, the treatment of sexual addiction
Psychiatric problems that are related to sex are quite difficult to deal with!
Psychotherapy, the treatment of this problem group, can help to solve the causes of behavior, and try to develop strategies for managing and controlling behavior!
Specifically, it includes: cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy, relational model reduction therapy, psychoanalysis, etc
Of course, the old way is indispensable: drug treatment!
Antidepressants and antiandrogens are mainly used, in addition, the opioid antagonist naloxone has also been shown to be effective - reducing the experience of orgasm pleasure!
Fourth, write at the end, broken thoughts
In fact, the scope of "sex addiction" points to a wider range of knowledge that we know well, including, for example, indulging in pornographic books and websites, as well as masturbation addiction and so on.
Although "sex addiction" does appear pathological in the pursuit of sexual behavior, in sociological view, it is often closer to a kind of demonization, which is a group of controversial and sensitive objects in society, and the news media often reports are basically negative.
This is more strongly seen as an uncontrolled and deviant act that violates social norms, which is why "sex addiction" is in quotation marks – it carries its own labels and discrimination.
With color
bibliography:
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Author: Psychiatry, this article is reprinted with the author's permission.