Jiang Haoran, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in the field of centralized financial technology, secretary of the party committee and chairman of Hengyin Financial Technology Co., Ltd., "has competed with the road".
Since 2019, he has submitted proposals in the field of transportation and travel for 4 consecutive years, including the construction of shared bicycles, shared motorcycles, motorcycle replacement networks, and this year's "vigorous promotion of electric bicycle replacement business in the subdivision field".
Behind the succession is Jiang Haoran's inner feelings. When he was young, he supported a "mazar" at the intersection, sitting on it and listening to the sound of the engines of the passing vehicles, he could guess which country made and what brand of car.
Today, this original intention has long been transformed into the responsibility of the committee members to perform their duties. The data shows that in 2020, the demand for electric bicycles in the mainland is 38.15 million, continuing to maintain a growth trend, the current domestic electric bicycle ownership is nearly 300 million, the average daily riding demand is about 700 million times, and the average daily charging of electric bicycle users is nearly 100 million times.
At the same time, the safety problems caused by electric bicycles are becoming increasingly prominent. Due to imperfect infrastructure and uneven battery quality, electric bicycles have entered the house illegally, parked in the building, and charged prominently, resulting in frequent fire casualties. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Emergency Management, in 2021, a total of 18,000 fires caused by electric bicycle and battery failures were reported, and 57 people died. And many fires may not be reported to the police because they have not caused serious consequences, and the actual data may be more in-and-out.
Therefore, Jiang Haoran believes that solving the problem of electric bicycle replenishment through "substitution charging" is an efficient and safe way, which can be promoted in high-frequency use areas such as takeaway, express delivery and residents' daily life.
The logic of power exchange: Why is "replacement charging" probably the best solution?
In fact, Jiang Haoran's suggestion is not "empty talk on paper."
In mid-February 2022, the Beijing Municipal Urban Management Commission issued a document to clearly promote the development of electric vehicle power exchange mode in Beijing. In the "Implementation Plan on Further Strengthening the Control of the Whole Chain of Electric Bicycles in the City" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"), it is clearly stipulated that Beijing encourages all districts (regions) to adapt to local conditions and vigorously promote the construction of charging facilities in residential areas in accordance with the principle of "charging (changing) electrical cabinets as the mainstay and charging piles as the supplement".
why? The reason is nothing more than 5 words – more secure.
Zheng Xiaoling, a spokesperson for the China Bicycle Industry Association, told reporters that with the implementation of the "ban on electric vehicles and batteries going upstairs" regulations, many citizens need to charge outdoors through public charging facilities.
However, at present, the main force of outdoor public charging facilities - charging piles, on the one hand, the number is seriously insufficient, on the other hand, its development is also facing greater practical contradictions and security risks.
According to the specifications, the charging pile is set up in the community, and the power department needs to install special meters, safety switches, power interfaces that meet the outdoor waterproof and dustproof level, and have basic safety guarantees, including configuring sufficient fire extinguishers and other fire fighting facilities next to charging facilities in accordance with fire regulations.
However, in reality, many communities do not have enough space to set up convenient charging facilities. Ms. Chen, a resident of a community in Fangzhuang, Beijing, told reporters that the charging piles in her community are very scarce, and the community has planned to build basic charging facilities for many times, but the progress is slow due to the small space and squeezing the leisure and entertainment space of other owners in the community.
At present, some communities also use charging cabinets to solve the problem of ordinary residents' electric bicycle charging difficulties. However, it is also plagued by small site space, difficult maintenance of facilities, and limited safety measures, and the development of charging cabinets is also facing some problems.
What is particularly worrying is that moving charging from indoors to outdoors still does not completely eliminate safety hazards. At present, most lithium batteries on the market are stated in the manual that "the charging temperature should be between 0 ° C and 40 ° C", and the temperature range outside this temperature range is unsafe charging temperature.
Yang Xinmiao, deputy director of the Institute of Transportation Research of Tsinghua University, told reporters that low-temperature charging will cause lithium to precipitate on the negative electrode, forming lithium crystals, which may puncture the protective layer inside the battery, causing an internal short circuit, and then causing a fire.
For the takeaway and express delivery industries, it is more logical to carry out the power exchange business for them. For power exchange companies, this is a huge market. According to relevant statistics, electric bicycles sell more than 30 million units per year, of which 1/3 are sold to takeaway and express delivery industry groups.
At the same time, the power exchange scheme can also solve the problem of insufficient battery life of electric bicycles under the new national standard specifications and meet the actual needs.
The "Electric Bicycle Safety Technical Specification" (hereinafter referred to as the new national standard), which was implemented in April 2019, has become a compass for regulating the healthy development of the industry at present and for a period in the future. However, according to the size and weight limits of the new national standard (the new national standard requires that the weight of the complete electric bicycle should be less than or equal to 55kg, and the maximum speed should not be higher than 25km/h), the maximum capacity of the battery used by the electric bicycle is about 4826Ah, which can just achieve a theoretical endurance of about 120 kilometers.
A number of platform takeaway, express delivery practitioners told reporters that the theoretical endurance will definitely decrease in practice, such as winter, about 60 or 70 kilometers. Their average distance per delivery is 3 km - 5 km, and they deliver about 30 or 40 times a day, and the theoretical endurance is difficult to meet the actual needs of practitioners.
Realistic choice: Focus on what's imperative and meet urgent needs
As an emerging thing, although the power exchange model is a business that serves the people and ensures safety, it is also a heavy asset investment, and it is currently in its infancy, facing difficulties such as facilities and sites, electricity price charges and cost sharing.
Jiang Haoran found in the survey that at present, most properties charge electricity prices and site rents according to the business model, making the point operating costs much higher than the depreciation costs of changing the batteries and batteries. In order to maintain the balance of payments, the operating enterprises have higher pricing, resulting in limited acceptance by residents and poor promotion of service projects.
The reporter consulted from several brands that are mainly engaged in electric bicycle replacement business, such as "this lithium battery exchange", "lithium nas", "xiaoha power exchange", etc., that the current power exchange cabinet mostly adopts the monthly fee and unlimited power exchange mode, and the price is mostly 299 yuan - 399 yuan per month, with an average of about 10 yuan per day.
"Xiaoha Power Exchange" also provides the option of charging 99 yuan for 20 times, but for ordinary citizens, this price is not as cost-effective as using charging piles.
As for the high-frequency user group- the takeaway and express delivery industry practitioners, they also hope that the price can be lowered a little, and at the same time, higher requirements are put forward for the continuity of the power exchange and the stability of the performance of the power exchange cabinet.
Some experts analyzed to reporters that even in the fast charging state, the battery of the power cabinet needs at least 1 hour to 2 hours to be fully charged. In the case of a high battery replacement frequency, it is likely that the battery in the cabinet has not been fully charged, and the new power exchange demand is received. In addition, the stability of the change cabinet also tests the current technology, and there have been cases where the cabinet body has been destroyed because the cabinet door cannot be opened.
At present, brands such as "Xiaoha Power Exchange" and "Lithium Nas" that have entered the field of power exchange are not short of giants such as Hello Bicycle, Ningde Era, and Guangyu Power Exchange, which is also one of the reasons why the power exchange mode of heavy capital investment in the early stage can be rolled out.
Jiang Haoran suggested that cities with conditions should be encouraged to pilot the promotion of electric bicycle power exchange models. It is recommended that all ministries and commissions consult with platform enterprises to follow the practice of new energy vehicle power exchange pilot cities and agree on a list of pilot cities. In the pilot cities, play a good policy, market and promotion of the "combination fist", increase the intensity of cracking down on illegal charging behavior, special subsidies for power exchange enterprises and residents to change electricity, etc., to create a national benchmark model, accelerate the popularization and application of the power exchange model.
Although in the long run, "replacing charging" is the trend of the times and can help cities achieve smart traffic management, in the future, the flexible complementary model of "charging and replacing" will still be the direction of the development of domestic two-wheeled travel, which can solve the contradiction between the convenient timeliness of residents' travel and consumer prices.
Therefore, for the public and the government, it is imperative to meet the most urgent needs and do the most basic precautions. For example, how to effectively ban electric vehicles from entering the building, and how to fully meet the actual needs of the public for outdoor charging.
During the two sessions of the National People's Congress [NPC] and the National People's Congress [NPC], many deputies and members offered suggestions and suggestions on this from different angles.
Wang Shiling, a deputy to the National People's Congress, proposed to install an electric bicycle blocking system in the elevators of residential areas. If an electric bicycle enters the elevator, the system automatically recognizes and issues an alarm, while controlling that the elevator door cannot be closed, so as to avoid the electric bicycle entering the building and charging as much as possible.
Li Li, a deputy to the National People's Congress, suggested that we should strengthen the construction of legislation and introduce the "Regulations on the Management of Electric Bicycles" in a timely manner; strengthen battery management, explore "one car, one pool and one yard", form a one-to-one correspondence between car owners, vehicles and batteries, effectively connect production and use links, and carry out full-life cycle management of batteries; at the same time, further give play to the guiding role of financial funds, explore inclusive charging, and provide appropriate subsidies for electric bicycle charging.
The picture of the future: enhance the sense of gain, happiness and security of the masses, and realize the orderly development of the healthy norms of the industry
On the one hand, it is the "entry ban" of high-rise buildings, and on the other hand, it is a practical problem such as inconvenient charging, high price, and no rain shelter. In the face of these contradictions, experts said that it is far from enough to rely on the dissuasion and punishment of relevant units, in order to make electric bicycle safety accidents really away from people, it is also necessary for the government, enterprises, individuals, society and other multi-party groups to work together and comprehensively implement scientific policies.
"The problem in development is a problem, but it is also a space for future development." Zheng Xiaoling pointed out to reporters that with the influx of more and more high-quality enterprises or brand enterprises in the field of electric bicycles, many of the current problems will be solved. The key is whether the relevant production enterprises can use more brains and make greater efforts in the production and manufacturing links, and use technical means to help consumers to pass a pass; whether dealers can firmly establish a sense of safety bottom line, fully standardize sales and installation in accordance with sales guidelines, and do a good job of training for consumers; whether the relevant government departments can further guide the healthy and orderly development of the entire industry through policies and regulations.
The reporter noted that in response to the problem of expensive charging, Beijing has made clear provisions, charging electricity charges implement the electricity price policy stipulated by the government, charged according to the price of residents' daily electricity; the charging service fee collection standards will also be clearly regulated, and the price will be clearly marked to ensure that residents are willing to use and afford to use.
In view of the problem of insufficient charging piles, Beijing will vigorously promote the basic full coverage of the construction of charging facilities in residential areas, and build charging interfaces according to the actual charging needs of the public, in principle, the ratio between the charging interface and the ownership of electric bicycles is about 1:3, and the proportion of construction in the core area can be moderately reduced.
The technical upgrading of the power cabinet is also under consideration by the government and enterprises. Compliant battery exchange cabinets need to have temperature control capabilities to create a safe charging environment. In the construction guidelines issued by the Beijing Municipal Urban Management Commission, the requirements are put forward on the temperature of the power exchange cabinet, "the temperature of the power exchange cabinet should be maintained in the range of 0 ° C - 55 ° C, and when the temperature in the cabinet exceeds the requirements, there should be heat dissipation, refrigeration or heating functions.".
As an important life scene in the field of people's livelihood, every year at the two sessions of the National People's Congress, electric bicycles are a hot topic that the deputies and members focus on, and this year is no exception.
According to the reporter's incomplete statistics, during the two sessions of the National People's Congress this year, the deputies and members put forward proposals and suggestions on electric bicycles, the theme from battery source management to charging pile installation and other infrastructure construction, from safe use management to promote the orderly development of industry norms, and so on.
However, the ultimate direction of these suggestions and proposals is to promote the orderly development of the health norms of the electric bicycle industry and enhance the people's sense of gain, happiness and security.
For Jiang Haoran, he looks forward to the proposals that are helpful to the people's travel once again. He said that standing on the road and watching people coming and going, it was a wonderful feeling, as if the roads and cars were all related to him.
Source: China Environment
Author: Wang Linlin