It is also inevitable that a figure like the Queen Mother of the West, who has long been revered by future generations, will be mythologized by future generations

It is also inevitable that a figure like the Queen Mother of the West, who has long been revered by future generations, will be mythologized by future generations

In Chinese mythological novels, the Queen Mother Niangniang is said to be the wife of the Jade Emperor, especially Wu Cheng'en in "Journey to the West", planting the cause of Sun Wukong's big trouble in the Heavenly Palace to the Yaochi Peach Society of the Queen Mother Niangniang. Yes, the Queen Mother is more famous, but this is an unreliable mythological story. In fact, in Chinese history, the Queen Mother Niangniang is not a god, but a real person, her name is the Queen Mother of the West, who is the real queen of the Western Regions who has made a recorded silk business with King Mu of Zhou on the Silk Road. She exchanged her three months of hunting rights for eight carts of silk carried by King Mu of Zhou. King Mu of Zhou carried out a three-month hunting campaign, and there were about a hundred carts of fur pulled back to the Zhou Chamber.

The Queen Mother of the West is the name given to her in the Han chinese historical records, in fact, she has another name, most likely called: Subi. This is a generic term for the social leader of the matriarchal clan.

Based on archaeological findings in the Five Kingdoms of Central Asia, academics have unanimously concluded that during the Karasok culture period in Central Asia between about 1200 and 700 BC (China's Yin Shang and early Western Zhou), a large number of northwestern Chinese tribes came to and operated in this area. The "northwestern tribes of China" mentioned here are the Qiangrong from the kingdom of the Queen Mother of the West. The flying dances handed down from the West Queen Mother Country were widely spread in India, Russia, Britain, Spain and other countries, and also had a major impact on Central Asia, West Asia and South Asia, North Asia, Europe and North Africa. Qiangrong spread the splendid and unique Chinese Kunlun culture in the region, promoting the prosperity of the Silk Road trade and the local economic development. This is the contribution of Qiang Rong to world history during the matriarchal society of China.

The Karasuk culture ranges from the Aral Sea and the Wowa River to the upper Yenisei River. The important trading areas in this culture ranged from northern China, the Baikal region, and Chifeng to the Black Sea and the Ula Mountains, thus creating cultural similarities in this region.

Economically, they are a mixture of agriculture and animal husbandry, mainly raising sheep.

They were already quite skilled in the manufacture of metals, and had found curved bronze knives and reins. Among them, their pottery is considered to be similar to Inner Mongolia and Chinese mainland, while bronze knives are similar to those in northeast China. Their custom of cave dwelling is further evidence of the intrinsic connection between this culture and the Queen Mother of the West recorded in Chinese historical records.

I think that the spread of civilization, the trade of goods, before the thirteenth century, was mainly by land transportation. From A to B, it is generally gradually spread to adjacent areas and then to farther places. The later development of the silk trade between King Mu of Zhou and the Queen Mother of the West also confirmed this method of transmission. The meeting and trade between King Mu of Zhou and the Queen Mother of the West is a typical event in the flourishing period of Karasuk culture.

The Classic of Mountains and Seas: "There is the mountain of the Queen Mother in the west." ”

The Huainan Meditation says that Yi please the medicine of immortality in the West Queen Mother, which immediately refers to this place.

"History of the Zhao Family": "King Miao made his father emperor, toured the west, saw the queen mother of the west, and forgot to return." "Suo Yin" said: "Yu Zhou did not believe in this matter, and Yun: To taste it, to substitute for the people born of the yin and yang of the East and the West, zong qi god, called the king's parents, or the name of the place, in the western region, what is the basis?" This record shows that people at that time believed that the West Queen Mother tribe was in the Western Regions, and only Yu Zhou suspected this.

"Huainan Terrain" Cloud: "The Queen Mother of the West is on the verge of quicksand." "Then they all think that the name of the country is complete."

In Turpan, where the Silk Road must pass, the expedition excavated the ancient tomb of Yanghai in Tuyugou Township, Shanshan County. According to the report of the Xinjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, the Yanghai Cemetery is dated from 1000 BC to after BC and is a national key cultural relics protection unit. From the tombs excavated by the cleanup, a number of rare and precious cultural relics have been unearthed. There are ancient musical instruments, clay hair dryers, vines and wooden tubes engraved with various animal motifs. The excavation of these cultural relics enriched the prehistoric culture of the Turpan Basin. Experts speculate that the earliest tombs in yanghai cemetery should have a history of more than 3,000 years.

Among the excavated wooden utensils, the wooden barrel utensils with hollowed out centers are decorated with various patterns on the surface. The mouth and bottom horns are decorated with triangular ornamentation, and the middle is engraved with animal motifs such as wild goats, wild sheep, tigers, leopards and wolves. On the one hand, the exquisite carvings reflect the unique culture of the Western Regions, and on the other hand, they also have the influence of the Central Plains culture. In particular, there are excavations of silk fragments. This makes us walk into the Queen Mother of the West.

"Tang Yulin" records that the Queen Mother of the West also organized a young women's dance team to welcome guests. The five-person dance pot unearthed from Shangsun Jiazhai in Datong County is a majiayao cultural faience pottery. The inner wall of the basin wall is painted with three groups of five-person arm dance patterns, the dancer's head is decorated, the Jiri tail also has ornaments, the overall step dance, the academic community generally believes that the owner of the culture is also Qiang, and the Queen Mother of the West belongs to the same family.

This proves that the productivity and culture of the Karasuk culture era in which the Western Queen Mother lived was comparable to the Central Plains culture of the Western Tour of King Mu of Zhou, and could be used as an alliance force and trading partner.

The Tibetan people believe in a family god named "Anagon Ma Jianmao", saying that she is the oldest ancestor of the Tibetan people around the sea. She was brave and courageous, her wisdom was superior, she dug pits to capture tigers, knotted nets to catch male leopards, and the rest of the beasts were ambushed by her. So they elected her as their chief and established a kingdom, and the subjects of this kingdom called jane "Subhi" (苏比). "Anagon Ma Jianmao" translates into Chinese as "Honorable Aunt Wang", and many researchers believe that this is another name for the Western Queen Mother (Tibetans are bred from Qiangrong). This description is almost exactly the same as that of the Queen Mother of the West recorded in the historical records, and the submission of the tiger and leopard is her main feature.

The Kingdom of the Queen Mother of the West has a long history, in addition to being recorded in historical books such as the Biography of Mu Tianzi, the Book of Sui and the Biography of the Female Kingdom records: "The female kingdom, in the south of the Onion Ridge, its kingdom is based on women as kings. The king's surname was Su Bi, and he reigned for twenty years. The queen's husband, known as Jin ju, does not know political affairs. Domestic husbands are only engaged in conquest. The mountain is the city, the square is five or six miles, and there are ten thousand families... There is a little queen who knows the affairs of the country. The asura god, and the tree god... In the sixth year of the reign of emperor, he sent envoys to pay tribute, but was later extinguished. "The queen's husband, the name of Jin ju, "Jin Ju" means "family", men have no right to deal with political affairs. This way the old queen listens to the government once every five days, and the little queen assists in the management, is the legacy of the West Queen Mother's era.

The Tibetan historical book "Subi" is the name of the queen and the name of this matriarchal clan tribe. The "Sui Shu Nu Guo Biography" records that "the female kingdom is in the south of the Onion Ridge", and it can be seen that Su Bi originally lived in the western and northwestern parts of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which is the scope of the activities of the Western Queen Mother clan. After the Zhou Dynasty, it gradually expanded eastward, reaching the Lhasa River Valley and northwestern Qamdo.

The Old Book of Tang records: "The Eastern Women's Kingdom, the Western Qiang's other species... It is customary to have a woman as king. It is bordered by Maozhou to the east and Yazhou to the southeast, separating Luo Nuban and Baiwolf Yi. "This is consistent with the Karasuk cultural circle that is now being investigated.

In October 1995, Chinese and Japanese archaeologists, during a scientific expedition to a site that had been sleeping for 1,600 years, found a large number of well-preserved tapestries and wooden letters with the inscription of the Ulu script (ancient Hindi). Contents of Mu Mu: One of the Thirty-Six Kingdoms in the Western Regions, the Jingzhi Kingdom has long been invaded by people from the southwest of the "SUPIS", and experts believe that "SUPIS" is Supi. Mu Jian records that Su Bi was fierce and brave in nature, and often attacked Jingjie Prefecture, threatening their safety. King Shanshan, a neighbor of the Jingjie State, issued many orders to warn the administrators of the Jingjie State.

It seems that the descendants of the Queen Mother of the West are still attached to the land they once owned.

Located at the throat of the Silk Roads, the Jingzhi Kingdom was the only way to Central or South Asia. King Mu of Zhou's western tour passed through here, and later Tang monks also passed through here. In other words, the descendants of the Queen Mother of the West still want to regain the place where their people grew up after more than a thousand years.

Then, for such a figure as the Queen Mother of the West, who has long been revered by future generations, it is inevitable to be mythologized by future generations. The mythological image of the Queen Mother of the West has changed greatly in various historical periods. However, if you think about it carefully, the mythological positioning of the Western Queen Mother has always been "reliable": death and disaster in the Western world (refer to later Buddhist content), immortality and immortality, various elements, in fact, have a certain relationship, these are the functions of the "god" of the Western Queen Mother.

Many chapters of the Book of Han, such as the Chronicle of the Emperor of Sorrows, the Astronomical Chronicle, the Five Elements Chronicle, and the Book of Searching for Gods, record such a thing: In the spring of the fourth year of the Han Emperor Jianping, the biography of the Queen Mother of the West spread around Guanzhong: "(The Mother of the Western King) told the people that those who wear this book do not die, do not believe in my words, and look at the door hub, when there is white hair." It can be seen that the idea that the Western Queen Mother took the place of the duty of the King of Yan was still popular in the Western Han Dynasty; later, the Western Queen Mother became a deity who held the "medicine of immortality"; in the pen of the Western Han Dynasty literati, the Western Queen Mother was a white-haired old woman who lived in a cave on the mountain to cultivate the immortal, and Sima Xiangru said in the "Great Endowment": "I am the Queen Mother of Guanxi today, known as gaoran Baishou, Dai Sheng and the cave of Xi"; in the Six Dynasties, the Western Queen Mother depicted in the "Story of Han Wu" and the "Inner Biography of Emperor Wu of Han" written by the literati was a "Chinese New Year's Eve xu, and the repair was short." The three blue birds she rode became a group of handmaidens of the "Nian Ke Sixteen Seven" posture, and the Queen Mother of the West at this time became the leader of the fairy goddesses.

These records are nothing more than differences in the appearance of the Queen Mother of the West, but they are immortal and in charge of the elixir, but they are unchanged, for example, they can be seen in legends such as Chang'e Benyue. The Book of Sui records that the Queen Mother of the West is still the "rain god".

Washed away all the elements of mythology, the Queen Mother of the West was the first to start the silk trade with King Mu of Zhou, and the leader of a matrilineal clan tribe in the western region of the continent that made a significant contribution to the opening up of the early Silk Road.