Title III, Chapter 15
The son enters the temple and asks everything. Or, "Who is the son of the man who knows the etiquette?" Enter the Temple, ask everything. The son smelled it and said, "It is Reiya." ”
Temple: Zunzu 皃 (mào), this character first appeared in the Western Zhou Jin script, consisting of "guang (yǎn or ān)" and "chao" (also an ancient word for "chao"). Wide is also simplified to wide.
Xu Shen of the Eastern Han Dynasty believed that "Guang" resembled a house built on a cliff; guifu in the Qing Dynasty considered this word to be the first text of "庵". Guangdong is related to houses, the dynasty has the meaning of "imperial court", and the combination of guang dynasty refers to the place where ancestors are enshrined.
The dynasty also indicates that the persons to be sacrificed are people who should be respected in the same way as the kings of the imperial court, or that the Jongmyo temple is respected at the same time as the imperial court.
The temple was originally a place dedicated to ancestors. For example, "ShiMing Shi Gong Room": "Temple, Maungya." The ancestral morphology is also located. "The temple of the ancients is dedicated to the ancestors, and all the gods are not temples. "Six Books": "The temple in front of the palace, and the bed in the back." ”
After the Han Dynasty, the temple gradually mixed with the original shrine (land temple). With the introduction of Buddhism, the Buddhist monasteries of later generations were also called temples. Modern Chinese generally refers to Buddhist monasteries as temples, but some people also call Buddhist monasteries temples temples.
Taimiao refers to the founding monarch called Taizu, and Taizu's temple is called Taimiao. This refers to the temple of the Duke of Zhou, the first monarch of the State of Lu to be crowned.
鄹: 音 zōu, also written 郰, 邹, Luguo place name, in the southeast of present-day Qufu City, Shandong Province, Confucius's hometown. It also refers to the name of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty princely states, also known as the State of Qi, southeast of present-day Zoucheng (formerly Zou County) in Shandong Province.
The State of Qi, known as the State of Zou during the Warring States period, surnamed Cao, is said to have been married to Ghost Fang, a descendant of the Yellow Emperor's grandson Lu Zheng, who had 6 sons, the fifth son, Name An, the ancestor of the Cao surname, and the State of Zhao was after Cao An.
After King Wu of Zhou destroyed the Shang, the descendants of Cao An were held hostage by Yu Yi( 邾), known in history as "Cao Wei" or "Cao Hui", and was the founding monarch of the State of Yi. In 261 BC, the state of Zou was destroyed by Chu.
Zou Guo was mencius's hometown, and the word "Zou Lu" was later used to refer to the land of cultural prosperity, the state of etiquette and righteousness.
Confucius's father, Liang Qi, was one of the "three famous generals" of the Lu kingdom, so he was called a Man here.
The full text is understood to mean:
Confucius entered the Temple and inquired carefully about everything he encountered. Someone said, "Who says that the son of Dr. Yiyi knows etiquette?" He went into the temple and asked people about everything. When Confucius heard this, he said, "This is exactly the ritual." ”
Confucius was very familiar with the Zhou Li, and when he came to the Taimiao Temple where the Zhou Gong was sacrificed, he had to ask others everything. Therefore, some people doubted whether he really understood etiquette.
Confucius's behavior of "asking everything" does not mean that he is humble and studious, but that he believes that "asking everything" itself is "etiquette".
Confucius was easy to learn, but how could such a master of etiquette need to "ask everything"? This can only show his harmony and cleverness in dealing with people and things.
On such a serious occasion as the Taimiao Temple, Confucius did not think that he was self-righteous and domineering, but got along with people with an attitude of learning, which made people relaxed and happy.
Confucius's "everything to ask" is actually to ask knowingly, so as to show respect for others, at this time he has no criticism, only consulting, no guidance, only communication, no good teacher, only modesty and prudence.
The Analects also records that Confucius was able to talk and speak eloquently at the imperial court, but in the face of his fathers and elders in his hometown, he became "humble as if he could not speak." This is also the embodiment of "etiquette", in the face of his father and fellow countrymen, he must be humble and courteous, have a degree of progress and retreat, and behave appropriately, so he "cannot speak".
"Every question" and "can't say" reflect Confucius's high emotional intelligence and clever way of dealing with the world.
Shi Qing counted horses
The ancients said: Companion is like accompanying the tiger! Doing things around the emperor is glorious, but the risks are very great.
Emperor Liu Che of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne in 140 BC and died in 87 BC, reigning for 54 years. During his long reign, thirteen prime ministers were appointed, but most of these prime ministers ended in misery and few died well.
According to the order in which they served as prime ministers, they were: Wei Xuan, Dou Bao, Xu Chang, Tian Jie, Xue Ze, Gongsun Hong, Li Cai, Zhuang Qingzhai, Zhao Zhou, Shi Qing, Gongsun He, Liu Quyi, and Tian Qianqiu.
These thirteen prime ministers reigned for a long or short period of time, and the long one was twelve years long, such as Tian Qianqiu; the short one was only two or three years or even less than a year, such as Dou Bao and Wei Xie.
The same prime minister, these thirteen people, but the same way to return. The last to be matched were Shi Qing, Gongsun Hong, and Tian Qianqiu.
The last to be deposed were Wei Xuan, Xu Chang, and Xue Ze; those who took the initiative to seek death or were forced to commit suicide because of the disaster, it was Li Cai, Zhuang Qingzhai, and Zhao Zhou.
Those who were executed and tragically killed in prison were Dou Bao, Gongsun He, and Liu Quyi (máo). Another cause of death was a special cause of death, tian tian, who died of fear and eventually went mad.
The same is the prime minister, let people have to sigh, the difference between the prime minister and the prime minister, why is it so big? Emotional intelligence is very important!
Among these 13 people, there was a man named Shi Qing, who was averagely talented, but cautious and practical, and worked for nine years, and finally got a good death.
During the Qin Dynasty, there was a small official named Shi Fen, a native of Wen County, Henan Province today, Shi Fen was honest and honest, and later met Liu Bang, who admired his personality very much, so he appointed him as his personal secretary, and Shi Fen entered the official road.
Shi Fen was very strict with his four sons, including Shi Qing, and his educational methods reached an almost neurotic point. Later, all four sons became high-ranking officials, and Shi Fen was known as "Wanshi Jun".
Shi Fen's sons were all as cautious as Shi Fen. This is inseparable from Shi Fen's patient tuning.
When Shi Qing was just a petty official, the old man demanded that he must be punctual, and every time before going to work, he was required to be full of energy and dressed. When he came home from work, the old man must be wearing a uniform, respectfully greeting him at the door, without interruption.
If Shi Qing made a mistake, the old man never scolded or scolded. However, when it was time to open the meal, the old man said that he had no face to eat, began to hunger strike, and lost his temper until Shi Qing seriously finished self-examination and promised not to commit it again, and the old man was willing to move the chopsticks.
One day, Shi Qing was drunk and drove home, all the way from the bustling avenue roaring past, provoking passers-by to avoid, this matter was learned by the old man, and began to sulk again, engaged in hunger strike.
Shi Qing had no way, kneeling to admit his mistake and review himself, the old man still refused to lose his temper, Shi Qing had to beg other elders to help intercede, and the old man stopped the nonsense.
Afterwards, the old man called him into the study, and said in a serious tone: "You seem to be pulling the wind, but have you ever thought that the common people will remember hatred when they see it, in case they arouse the anger of the people, do you still have a good life?" ”
Shi Qing listened to the old man's words, dengshi out of a cold sweat, from then on, is more active to the old man, every time driving slow down the rhythm, encounter the annual meeting or festival, get off the car and walk down.
Such tutoring caused Shi Qing to have a stable personality and be cautious in doing things, and Shi Qingchu was Qi Xiang, and it was self-evident that the Qi State was the great rule, and it was the Lishi Xiang Ancestral Hall.
Soon he was favored by Emperor Wu of Han, and was selected as the Crown Prince Taifu (the prince's teacher), and finally achieved the high position of Chancellor and was given the title of Marquis of Muqiu.
When Shi Qing was a servant, he drove out for the emperor, and the emperor asked how many horses were driving, and Shi Qing used the horse whip to count the horses bit by bit before raising his hand and saying, "Six horses." Shi Qing was the most simple and rough of Shi Fen's sons, but he was still cautious.
"Shi Qing Counting Horses" was later compiled by Li Han of the Tang Dynasty into his children's literacy textbook Mengqiu.
For impetuous and arrogant contemporary people, the allusion of "Shi Qing counting horses" is very worthy of reference, everything is more stable, more cautious, and even stupid people will have a head day!
In the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty, the Kanto region suffered a disaster, and two million displaced people appeared, of which 400,000 were unregistered. The ministers privately discussed the matter and intended to ask Emperor Wu of Han to relocate these displaced people to the frontier areas as a punishment.
Emperor Wu of Han believed that The Emperor of the Han Dynasty was old and cautious and would not participate in such discussions, so he gave the Minister a vacation home, and then sent someone to investigate the people who were playing the discussion below the Imperial Master, who dared to disturb the emperor's audio-visual and interfere with the emperor's decision.
Shi Qing was ashamed and thought that he could not win the post of guard, so he wrote to him: "The subject has the honor of being a minister, but his talent is low, and there is no way to assist tianzi in governing the country, resulting in an empty treasury and displacement of the people." The sins of the subjects are heinous and deserve to be put to death, and the Son of Heaven cannot bear to punish me. Therefore, the courtiers wrote to the old man to return to his hometown in order to make way for the virtuous. ”
After Emperor Wudi of Han read the song, he replied: "The granary has been empty, the poor people have been scattered, and the minister wants to ask the imperial court to relocate them, causing shaking and harm to the country, and then resigning from his post, who do you want to push the country's crisis to?" ”
Instead, Shi Qing was rebuked by Emperor Wu of Han, who was very ashamed and began to deal with political affairs again.
Shi Qing has been in office for nine years and has not been able to make any remarks about the shortcomings of the times. Once, he had planned to ask for punishment for the ministers close to Tianzi, who advised the doctors to be loyal and Xianxuan (the cool officials excavated by Wei Qing, the tóng people of Hongdong, Shanxi), but he could not make them confess, but he was instead convicted of this, and later he could only pay money to atone for his sins.