Virtual pole press: silver candle autumn light cold painting screen, light luo small fan fluttering firefly. The night is as cool as water, and you can sit and watch the morning glory Vega.
Cultural inclusion refers to the internalization phenomenon that occurs when different cultures come into contact with each other, and this process includes many stages such as acceptance, synthesis, and creation, through which culture absorbs external factors to enrich itself. Cultural inclusion is different from both cultural confrontation and cultural assimilation, which is a process of systematic absorption, transformation and reconstruction of foreign cultures and heterogeneous cultures, and at the same time it is also a process of revaluation, reflection and transformation of local cultures. The artifacts depicted in his works by the Persian miniature painting Holy Hand Abasi in his works perfectly embody the fusion of Eastern and Western art.
▲ Reza Abbasi's "Fan Girl"
1590-1592 Watercolor on paper with gold miniatures
The fan in this "Fan Lady Picture" is not so much used to fan the wind as it is to cover the face. This is reminiscent of an object in ancient China that had a very similar function, the "shà". The Shuowen Jiezi explains the "箑" as follows: "箑, 箑莆, Seocho ya, Yao was born in the kitchen, fan summer and cool. It can be seen from this that in the ancient Yao Shun era of the mainland, the large blades of the grass were already used to cool off. Later, he invented bamboo fans and lupines. At present, the earliest fan unearthed is a short-handled bamboo fan excavated from the Chu Tomb of the Warring States of Mashan No. 1 in Hubei Province.
▲ [Warring States] short-handled bamboo fan
In 1982, the No. 1 Tomb of Mashan in Jiangling, Hubei Province, was excavated
Collection of Jingzhou Museum
This kind of kitchen knife-like fan is woven with a very thin bamboo grate, red and black to form a rectangular pattern, one side of the handle has two rectangular holes, surrounded by thick bamboo pieces, the decoration is very regular, although it is a relic of more than 2,000 years ago, it is still bright as new.
▲ [Western Han] Long-handled bamboo fan
In 1972, the No. 1 Tomb of Mawangdui in Changsha, Hunan Province, was excavated
Collection of Hunan Provincial Museum
When the fan originated is no longer known. Some scholars believe that the earliest chinese fan was the "Wuming Fan" of Shunshi, which was made of colorful male pheasant tail feathers, resembling bird wings or curtains. This feather fan is also called shà, but it is written as "翣", and the glyph resembles a maid holding a feather in her hand. The big one is mostly used for court ceremonial guards, and the small one is like a goose feather fan, which can be fanned and shaken by itself.
▲ [Tang] Yan Liben's "Step Map" volume, colored on silk
Length 38.5 cm, width 129 cm
Collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing
From the pre-Qin to the Wei and Jin dynasties, up to the emperors and generals, down to the people of Pingtou, almost everyone had a small basket all year round, not because the weather was hotter than today, but because people often needed to cover their faces when traveling or socializing to avoid embarrassment. Therefore, there is a nickname for the "noodles". According to Yan Shigu's explanation: "The noodles are convenient, so the barrier surface, the cover fan and so on." If you do not want to see people, and if you obstruct yourself, you will get their convenience, so you know the side of the face, and you know the screen. During the Warring States period, the noodles were also called "household fans", emphasizing the shape of the fence similar to a single door. In the "Dialects and Miscellaneous Interpretations", it is said: "The fan is called the fan from the guan to the east, and the fan is called from the guan to the west." Regardless of the Kanto Kansai, the Chinese fans before the Middle Ages are all like this in Persian miniature paintings.
▲ Reza Abbasi's "Lady's Face"
Early 17th century, watercolor on paper with gold miniature, 20.5 x 10 cm
Collection of walters Art Museum, Baltimore, USA
"Tuan fan, tuan fan, beauty disease to cover the face." After the Tang and Song dynasties, the hedge was almost extinct, and its function of covering the face was inherited by tuan fan and folding fan. Whether the folding fan originated in China or Japan is still inconclusive, but tuan fan as a specialty of china's silk kingdom is certainly well-deserved. Tuan fan is also known as 纨扇, Luo fan, silk fan, palace fan, these names reveal their shape, material and place of use - the court. In the next article, the virtual pole will take everyone to appreciate the beauty of the palace fan.