How to do small rural rivers to ensure that the landscape and revetment effect are not wrong
Small river channels in the countryside are generally not very large, but the flow of water in the rainy or flood season can still cause damage to the shore slopes. This kind of slope along the river should first look at the structure, whether there is a landslide phenomenon, but also consider the cost of the project, construction materials and rainwater and local water over the years.
Many villages have small rivers and rivers that flow in front of the village, and some intersect on the side of the village and converge and flow out of the village. Due to the different degrees of attention paid to the environment in each village, some villages retain many bamboo and plantains and other slope protection plants on both sides of the small river, and some villages are full of maple poplar and persimmons along the riverbank, and there are also aquatic bayberry, wild kudzu vine, reed-like, elephant grass, etc., which play a very good role in the shore slope and should be strictly protected.
Zhangjiatun uses barrages combined with natural bank slopes to reduce river erosion
But after all, there are floods in the rainy season, and some villages in this season the river soars, not over the usual water level to flood the rice fields next to the waterway, damage the artificial canals that have been made or barges along the river, seriously cause the river section to collapse, ditches wash the riverbed, and cause damage to small bridges and trees along the coast.
In the rural landscape project, in the past, the protection of farmland has accumulated many good methods, such as the use of fir, pine and other pile foundations under the field to protect the field, and on both sides of the fish pond outlet, through the stone barrier and then add wooden piles can be well maintained pond foundation dam. Nowadays, the rapid development of hydraulic buildings, the selection of construction materials, and the more flexible construction methods, therefore, some villages have adopted practical and landscape coordination methods in river management, which is worth advocating.
For rural rivers with less large water flow, the general treatment methods are:
First, the slope planting method. Where the slope is not steep, the amount of water is not too large, and the two sides of the river are immediately adjacent to farmland or dry land, you can directly lay grass along the slope, especially to choose local grass species.
There are many ways to build lawns on the slope of the river, such as the full paving method, the planting belt method, the sowing method, etc., and the sowing method is divided into artificial sowing and spraying method. The full paving method is simple, the slope is leveled and then a layer of loess can be laid, so that the edge of the paving is compacted, and the grass laying season is suitable for autumn and winter non-flood periods. The planting belt method refers to the division of the planting belt on the slope, the empty belt is separated from the grass belt, and the empty belt does not need to be planted, only planted in the grass belt, which can reduce the amount of grass seeds.
The sowing method requires a mixture of grass seeds and fine sand to spread on the planting base. The method is to mix grass seeds and sand, divide and number the planting area according to the size of the grass, divide the mixed grass seeds equally among the sowing areas, and then use manual sowing. Artificial sowing requires 35 to 39 grams of grass per square meter, the seed sand ratio is about 1:20, the general germination rate is 65%, the dew time is 7 days, and the formation time is 45 days.
The river bank of Danzhou Ancient Village is very ecological and natural with embedded grass to protect the slope
The spraying method belongs to mechanical grass planting, which is fast and efficient. The mixed seed and mud is sprayed on the slope by a special spray gun. It can be either a seed or a grass segment. The former can be mixed in the mud and sprayed directly to the slope; the latter needs to cut the grass segments, generally 4 to 6 cm per segment, and the grass segments should retain grass teeth. During construction, on the ground that needs to be protected, first level and then lay a layer of loess core soil, dig a pond at the bottom of the slope, put new soil in the pool, add some compound fertilizer appropriately, inject water to mix the mud into a thin slurry, and then spray the grass pulp on the slope surface with a professional spray gun. Note that this method is sprayed, which is easily washed out, so it must be built during a good weather period to ensure the effect.
Second, the platform-level slope protection method. This method can be used when the slope surface is steep, and the general slope is more than 17%. It can first be constructed along the slope of the river into a platform-level shape, and then paved with stones along the platform (both stone and pebbles). For the village tun office, if it is closely connected to the river, it can be combined with landscape transformation to improve environmental quality. When the riverbed is made into steps, it is necessary to advance along the slope layer by layer, the width of the steps is guaranteed to be 28 to 30 cm, the height of the steps is more than 13 to 15 cm, and the material of the steps can be brick or blocky pebbles, if you use bluestone pieces, it is more ideal.
Pull ditch small river channel platform type barrier stone slope protection effect
Another way to use a terrace-level slope protection is to first place large river stones in a grid (such as a barbed wire mesh), and then masonry these grids along the slope and reinforce them with iron nails. Some seasonal water flush slopes (slope below 12%) can be laid with stones on the slope, then seamed with plain concrete, and then secured with barbed wire. These methods are implemented very well in Guilin Li River lawn, Rong'an Dongling River estuary, Rong'an Hengtong and so on.
In the actual revetment project, it will also encounter areas with rapid water flow and large impact, especially where there is a bridge, because of the rapid drainage of the bridge hole, if the mantle or water consumption belt downstream of the bridge hole is not done well, it is easy to hollow out the bridge side support foundation, which seriously affects the safety of the bridge foundation and the river foundation. The best protection technique in these places is to directly build a retaining barge and use the method of block stone to increase the support. The foundation groove of the stone barge should be appropriately increased in depth than the conventional, and the high-grade cement should be selected, and the caulk should be full. The thickness of the top of the straight wall barge should be greater than 45cm, and the drainage hole left along the wall should be configured in a glyph- shape, and the hole spacing is 5 to 8m.
Design of step slope protection effect of Rong'an Dongling Small River Channel (Winter Rain Studio)
Third, the natural ecological slope protection method. In order to reduce labor and investment, combined with the actual situation of the village tun river to improve the protection of natural ecology, the use of native vegetation and artificial assistance methods are also more applicable. In recent years, due to the construction of houses, breeding or garbage dumping by the masses, some small rivers in some villages have caused certain pollution to the rivers, and the phenomenon of many debris and poor environment has appeared. To this end, we should first clean up the debris and garbage, retain the bamboo, trees, flower shrubs and plantains along the coast, some stump-type tree species such as maple poplar, elm, maple incense, tree construction and thorny plants such as wild acacia, yunshi, vest seeds, hanging hooks, golden cherry seeds, etc. Strict protection, on this basis, appropriately strengthen the management of vegetable garden land along the creek river, increase the planting of new tree species, especially the planting of clustered bamboo species, such as powder single bamboo, le bamboo, sweet bamboo, hemp bamboo, etc.
In order to improve the scenery of the village Tun River and Creek, in terms of optimizing plant species, it is necessary to pay attention to the selection of rural tree species and not to plant too many urban green tree species. Therefore, it is good to choose flowering plants such as wood hibiscus, magnolia, etc.; the resulting tree species such as longan, lychee, black olive, papaya, star fruit, persimmon, etc. are also good; functional tree species such as Sansangzi, Huanghuali, Yew, Toon, Andypea trees should be used more; color leaf tree species such as red leaf wulin, ginkgo biloba, and deciduous fir are appropriately embellished. In a word, it is necessary to select the types suitable for the rural environment and the green environmental protection materials that can support rural revitalization and rural ecological construction at the same time.
Yulin Youcun village and pastoral village through the good ecological creek river transition