After the First Punic War, Spain at that time stretched north to the Ebro River, which was the territory of Carthage. The Romans took this as a boundary and forbade them to transcend this river. Any Carthaginian who crossed the Ebro River was considered deliberately rebelling against Rome.
In 218 BC, the Romans invaded Carthage again, provoking the outrage of the Carthaginians. The young Carthaginian general Hannibal (a famous general in history) led his men across the Ebro River and marched north.
Hannibal
He led his army from Spain, crossed the Alps, entered Italian territory, and incited the Gauls to attack Rome. The Second Punic War broke out in Italy and lasted for 15 years. Hannibal attacked Rome at Lake Trasimé and Canna, defeating all the Roman armies in Italy. But then a Roman army landed from Marseille, cutting off Hannibal's ties with Spain. Lacking military equipment for capturing the city, Hannibal was unable to capture Rome.
Plate with Hannibal war elephant, c. 250 BC.
Later, the Numidians within Carthage rebelled, and Carthage had to retreat to defend its cities in Africa. Another Roman army also entered Africa.
In 202 BC, the two armies engaged at Zama, and Hannibal fought against the Roman commander Scipio and was defeated by the other side, and Hannibal suffered the first defeat in his life. The Second Punic War also ended with the End of the Battle of Zama.
Carthage surrendered, willing to cede Spanish and domestic warships to Rome; Payment of huge war reparations; And promised to hand over Hannibal. But Hannibal had fled to Asia. Fearing falling into the hands of the enemy, he eventually committed suicide by taking poison.
Sepion of Africa defeated Hannibal at Zama
（H· G. Wells's "History of the World You Should Know" Reading Notes)