Martin Luther Essentials: A stubborn and fickle narrator of a reformer with a strong faith

Martin Luther was a devout Christian, a staunch supporter of the Bible, and a reformer who was good at learning from his own opinions. To make everyone have the right to read the Bible, to make believers equal with saints, priests, and popes, but to rely on secular power because of the infinite reform of the times, they have to rely on secular power. Why Hitler could brainwash the German people during World War II was also influenced by Luther's ideas. Secular power is also God's right to govern the world, so spiritual believers must also obey.

Chapter 1: The Falsehood of The World

The future is bright

On 10 November 1483, Hans Luther's wife gave birth to a baby boy. The next day the priest baptized the infant under the name of Saint St. Martin, so Hans named his son Martin Luther.

Hans became a member of parliament through his own efforts and had his own company, and he worked with his wife to discipline the children strictly. Martin was sent to school at the age of 4.30 to study Latin, and when 300 students finished their studies in the Faculty of Letters at the university, only seventeen passed the master's degree exam, and Luther ranked second. They studied the "Three Arts": Aristotle's logic, grammar, and rhetoric. In addition, he also learned the "four arts" of arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music.

Disobeying the Father's commandments, monasticism

On the road to a bright future, when social Christianity at that time exaggerated the two completely different scenes of heaven and hell, Luther pondered at the crossroads of life. On one of the way back to school, Luther encountered a thunderstorm, and the thunder exploded around him, which immediately frightened him, and he made a wish: "Santa Ana, save me!" I'm willing to be a monk!" It is also said that Luther was seriously ill and almost died, and was therefore troubled by the problem of death.

Devout asceticism craves salvation

During the examination period of experiencing "crying, silence and retreat", it became an apprenticeship period, and after hard asceticism became a formal monk. Two years later, in May 1507, Luther received the first Mass of the Presidency.

The Roman pilgrimage was fortunately exiled

In 1507 he received a bachelor's degree in bibles and a master's degree in theology at the seminary, where he was awarded the teaching of the Bible and the Four Books of Proverbs. In 1510 Luther's church opposed unified administration and recommended Luther to Rome for support. Although the trip did not accomplish the entrustment, it made him aware of the corruption and depravity of the church at that time. In an internal vote against the unified administration, Luther and his friends voted in favour, believing that their stubborn opposition to the cause of the church and the violation of the monk's oath of obedience led to their exile to Wittenberg. At Wittenberg Luther, he received an outstanding spiritual teacher: Staubitz. He gave Luther a precious Bible, which was often impatiently heard luther repent of his sins.

Chapter 2 Searching Up and Down Suddenly enlightened

Luther studied for a doctorate in theology at the instigation of Staubitz and succeeded himself as a professor at wittenberg Bible College.

Painstakingly and alonely witnessing the tradition

The traditions with which Luther came into contact can be broadly divided into three types: scholasticism, humanism, and mysticism. For scholastic philosophy Luther once preached that Ichiri belonged to the "Ocon school", that is, when man made a covenant with God, he could be accepted by God for salvation by his own deeds. Humanism, on the other hand, advocates divine cooperation, arguing that man still has initiative in salvation and that man can use his abilities to perfect himself, purify himself, and win salvation. Mysticism emphasizes humility, obedience, and giving up good works such as oneself to attain salvation. After Luther received his doctorate in the Bible, he became a professor and supervisor, and on the one hand, he needed to explain the Bible to answer questions for students, and on the other hand, he had to supervise and tour the monastery.

The tower experience forms a breakthrough

The key to salvation is how to make a covenant with God, and you must obtain God's "justification" to attain salvation. God has an active righteousness and a passive righteousness, active righteousness is fairness, justice, and severe judgment, and passive righteousness, man must not be able to withstand the judgment of active righteousness, and will inevitably be condemned by God, but God is full of mercy and mercy, he gives justice to mankind, regards man as a righteous man, and forgives man's sins. "Man is always a sinner, a repentant, a righteous man," Luther preached theological theories where he was in charge.

On the question of justification, Luther's ideas differed not only from the orthodoxy of the Roman teachings. The orthodox view is that justification goes

In addition to man's sinful nature, which transforms him into righteousness and is born again, Luther believes that justification only changes man's position before God, and man is counted as a righteous man by God, and after being justified, he is still sinful until he dies and enters heaven before he can be born again, completely changing the nature of sin.

Chapter 3: Unyielding Indomitable Resistance to "Authority"

Luther opposed the peddling of indulgences, arguing that salvation could not be obtained by buying them only, and recognized the rights of the pope.

The Ninety-Five Theses: A Declaration of the New Era

Luther could not bear to communicate and reconcile with God through money, and he feared that it would corrupt the secret life of believers and hinder the healthy development of the church, so he wrote the debate on the efficacy of the indulgences that opened the prelude to the Reformation.

Heidelberg Argument: The Theory of the Cross

The theology of the cross holds that God hid under the suffering and humiliation of the cross, revealing Himself in the humiliation, suffering, and death that man could not bear and reject.

Augsburg Talks: Appeal to Rome and the Ecumenical Council

Opponents of Luther argue that the authority of the Pope is superior to the Bible and the Church as a whole, while Luther adamantly denies this claim, claiming that the Pope may also make mistakes, if the Pope uses the Bible in vain. He denied that the pope was above the Bible. Eventually, another Luther envoy reconciled and wrote to him that he had never attempted to undermine the pope's authority and recognize the pope's rights.

Leipzig Controversy: "The Huss of Saxony"

In this controversy, Luther once again denied the right of the Pope, arguing that Christ was the true and only Head of the Church. The Holy See issued the famous encyclical "Luther the Way out": "Lord, rise up." When the encyclical was brought to Germany, many places treated it negatively, shelved it and did not publish it, and even openly resisted in some places. Luther received the encyclical and wrote the Encyclical Against the Antichrist, calling the Pope "the Antichrist," saying that "I protest before God, my Lord Jesus, his angels, and the world, and dissent the condemnation in the encyclical, and I curse and loathe its blasphemy and contempt for Christ, the Son of God, my Lord Christ." ”

Chapter 4: Criticizing the Old System and Laying a New Foundation

In 1520, Luther wrote On Good Works, An Open Letter to the Christian Nobility of Germany, The Exile of the Church in Babylon, and On the Freedom of Christians, collectively known as the "Four Great Works of the Reformation", which together established the program and cornerstone of the Reformation

On Good Works: The Gospel's View of Good Works and the Law

To fulfill and obey God's commandments is to do good works, but only by believing and trusting in God can one fulfill them and make all works righteous. The commandments such as "Do not steal", "Do not false witness frame people", and "Honor your parents" are explained. Luther criticized spiritual authority and was more tolerant of secular authority.

Open Letter to the German Christian Nobility: The "Table of Teachers" of the Reformation

Luther advocated that the monarchs and princes lead the reforms to tear down the three walls of the Church of Rome: "The right of religion is above the power of the world, and only the pope can interpret the Bible, and only the pope can convene the synod." "Luther tore down three walls and placed the pope under earthly power, like the laity, with no special authority to interpret the Bible or authority to prevent and restrain the synod. Luther then proposed twenty-seven workable reforms: limiting the power of the pope and the papacy, dividing it from the secular, emphasizing freedom of marriage, reforming university education, and so on.

The Church Captive in Babylon: The New Sacramental View

Luther considered that there were only two sacraments, the Sacrament and baptism, and the other atonements, weddings, and ordinations, he did not deny that they were divine, but only that they were not true sacraments, and likewise emphasized the crucial role of faith in these ceremonies.

On Christian Freedom: A Guide to the Spiritual Life

Luther put forward a pair of propositions about freedom of mind and bondage: "Christians are the lords of all who are completely free and are not subject to anyone; Christians are the servants of all who are completely faithful, under the rule of anyone." ”

We are free by faith, dwelling in the state of freedom, trapped by love by faith, and servants of all in a state of faithfulness.

Chapter Five: Unswervingly Practicing the True Word

The Council of the Empire of Wales: Sticking to the Word of God is a major offense

The Emperor, in order to gain the support of the Pope, decided to publicly try Luther and summoned Luther into the Empire to defend himself. Luther had the opportunity to obtain innocence by denying his writings, but he remained true to god and was willing to do so. The emperor also kept his promise and gave Luther twenty-one days of safety.

The "George Nobility" of Wartburg: A Hermitage in the Castle, immersed in the translation of the Scriptures

On the way back, Luther was kidnapped by Frederick's scheming and transformed into a George nobleman. Immersed himself in translating the Bible and writing letters in support of the Reformation.

The Practice of the Reformation: Renewing the Church Pastoral Teachers

The line of reform took the line of extreme or even radical Luther, who had to personally preside over the overall situation. It proposes to promote the unified and standardized management of the church; universal education; and to act as the spiritual teacher of the church's pastors and pastors. It is also proposed that music be fully utilized in worship ceremonies. Later generations called Luther the father of the congregation.

The Marriage of the Friar Nuns: A Demonstration of Affection and Affection

Luther, 42, married Bora, 26. He said that God had done his ody way of fooling the world and capturing him with the yoke of marriage, that he was getting married, and that he invited them to the wedding of the monks and nuns, which made the angels laugh and the devil weep. In his view, marriage is a school of virtue, which teaches both husband and wife patience and love.

Chapter VI Strictly Guarding the Position Enemies on all sides

Since Luther did not advocate a radical reform revolution, he was only willing to make modest updates. He also emphasized that spiritual beings should be bound by secular power and did not advocate violence or riot to solve problems. On the question of the bread and wine of the Eucharist: Luther argues that when the priest recites the eulogy prayer, the outward nature of the bread and wine is still there, but its essence has become the body and blood of Christ. Another reformer believed that bread and wine were only symbolic. Led to the split of the reform beat!

He died on 18 February 1546

In 1555, the Imperial and Religious Peace Treaty of Augsburg was signed, establishing the legal status of Lutheranism.

Luther once said, "I ask the world not to mention my name, not to call myself a lutheran, but only to be a Christian." What is Luther? The lesson is not mine, and I have not crucified anyone. I am not, and do not want to be, a master. I and the universal Church stand for the consistent teaching of Christ, who alone is our Lord. ”