The generalized equivalence principle manifests itself as an abstract principle in philosophical thinking and as a general principle in theoretical construction. This principle appears in the field of physics as the principle of equivalence or narrow equivalence, in the field of literature and art as the principle of formality or typicality, in the field of computer programming language as the principle of formatting, in the field of engineering, economic statistics and social organization as the principle of pattern or module, and in the field of physics and philosophy of physics as the principle of conservation and uniformity.
Generalized equivalence is a philosophy of science with the general equivalence principle as the core or basic principle as the research object, and it has many manifestations and applications in many fields of natural, social and mental science. Generalized equivalence is a system of principles expounded in a philosophical form, which can be divided into two parts: generalized indifference and generalized difference. One does not know how many definitions a concept of a thing has, but does not define the concept of a thing without restriction, nor does it know how many manifestations and fields of application the generalized equivalence principle have, but it does not define the scope of application of this principle without restriction.
The generalized equivalence principle manifests itself as the principle of abstraction in the world of subjective thinking, and when many philosophical words of materialism and idealism, logic and positivism, historical realism and historical nihilism are used, people are already using the abstract principles of the philosophy of science, "materialism" does not refer to a specific thing: a house, a car, a garage or a caravan, and "idealism" does not refer to a specific mind: concept, design and scheme. The generalized equivalence principle is expressed as a general principle or a common principle in the objective material world, and primitive society, slave society and feudal society all have different degrees of commodity economic forms, and capitalist society and socialist society have different ranges of market economy forms.
"Materialism" contains the universality of material and energetic existence, and "idealism" contains the universality of consciousness and spiritual existence. The principle of abstraction applies to human thinking, cognition and analysis, while language and symbols are the external forms of human thinking, cognition and analysis, on the contrary, human thinking, cognition and analysis are the internal forms of language and symbols, and thinking and language, symbols and cognition, and analysis follow the formal equivalent principle or equivalent formal principle of the philosophy of science. The general principle or the principle of commonality applies to people's thinking, cognition and analysis, and also applies to the world of objective matter, and there is no objectivity and authenticity of "foreign moons are rounder than Chinese".
The principle of invariance is one of the manifestations of the generalized equivalence principle, the first-level equivalence principle has a variety of manifestations, the second-level invariance principle has a variety of application scenarios, such as: there is the invariance of the gravitational constant, the invariance or rarely changing gravitational constant can be called "Newton's constant", there is the invariance of the dark energy density, and the density of dark energy that tends to stabilize with the expansion of the universe can be called "Einstein's constant". Newton's constant and Einstein's constant are the two most important constants in the "constant family" of physics and cosmology, and Eysch introduced the "Ye's constant term" into the cosmic gravitational field equations, which he regarded as one of the "biggest mistakes" he made in his scientific career, and the constant terms of the field equations "helped" the universe achieve static constancy. As astronomer Hubble discovered the phenomenon of cosmic expansion of galaxies moving away from Earth, physicists cleverly converted the Love's constant into dark energy hidden in cosmic space-time.
In the late 1990s, two teams of astronomers made precise observations of dozens of distant galaxies, and they found that these distant galaxies were not only far away from Earth, just like Hubble's observations, but also the regressive speed away from Earth increased with distance, and the analysis of the redshift of galaxies showed that it was not the galaxies that were doing "escape movements" away from Earth, but the space-time structure of the universe was accelerating and expanding. Whether it's Hubble's observations in the 1930s or the astronomical team's observations in the 1990s, scientific discoveries about the expansion and accelerated expansion of the universe have prompted theoretical physicists to reveal the intrinsic causes of the phenomenon of cosmic expansion, and "dark energy" or the Yeinstein constant naturally came to the stage of cosmology, and dark energy did not push the movement of distant galaxies away from Earth in the form of repulsion or "anti-gravity", but like "bulking agent". It also has a catalytic effect on the continuous accelerated expansion of space-time in the universe.
The principle of invariance of the philosophy of science is cosmologically expressed as the invariance of the density of dark energy. The universe has created more and more space-time in the process of accelerating expansion, expanding from a volumeless cosmic singularity to the universe's current diameter of about 93 billion light-years. The change of cosmic space from the smallest to the largest volume follows the incremental principle of the philosophy of science, and conversely, from the current volume of the universe back to the beginning of the singularity, the change of cosmic space from the largest volume to the smallest volume follows the decreasing principle of the philosophy of science. Density invariance is the main feature of dark energy, but also one of the biggest puzzles in the current cosmology, density invariance and the continuous expansion of the volume of the universe means that the total amount of dark energy increases exponentially, and the astronomical growth of dark energy seems to violate the energy conversion and conservation laws of physics, physicists are also looking for other explanations for the phenomenon of cosmic expansion, but the dark energy model is still the most concerned and supported theory of physicists.
With the continuous expansion of cosmic space, the density of ordinary matter, including photons and neutrinos, and ordinary energy, including cosmic microwave background radiation, and dark matter continues to decline, and the density of energy, matter and dark matter follows the decreasing principle of the philosophy of science, and vice versa, it follows the increasing principle of the philosophy of science. The universe in which human beings live is becoming thinner and thinner, and the concept of philosophy of science can envisage the situation of "cosmic desert" or "cosmic desert", dark energy occupies an absolute dominant position in the "ultimate universe", the existing galaxy and cosmic web will be "wiped out", and the material world of the behemoth will become a vast "floating cloud" and nothingness in the ultimate cosmic world.
The density and total amount of dark energy determine the ultimate picture of the universe, the most powerful black hole in the universe will also lose the ability to fight against dark energy, after the black hole disappears on the stage of the universe, the universe of "living dragons and tigers" will become dead, the birth of stars in the nebula, the colonization of planets and host stars will become a "distant past", the universe without life will be a meaningless universe, all of which will happen tens of trillions of years later. The existence and history of the universe, where existence and nothingness intertwine, are full of magical and psychedelic colors. One of the most wonderful properties of the new philosophy of science is the revelation and exposition of the general principle of equivalence and the application of this principle to the field of cosmology, and the "Great Desert Theory" of the philosophy of cosmic physics corresponds to the "Great Desert Theory" of the philosophy of particle physics, and the ultimate human spirit and will of philosophy are destined to roam, travel and run in the great desert world of the universe and particles.
Links to web pages