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The Fourth Front Of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, referred to as the Red Fourth Front, together with the Red Army and the Red Second Front, is one of the three main forces of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and only during the Red Army period, it annihilated 880,000 enemies, the first, with a total of more than 700 founding generals.
The Red Fourth Front, composed of troops from the Eyu-Anhui Soviet District, was established on November 7, 1931 in Qiliping, Huang'an, Hubei Province.
Commander-in-Chief Xu Xiangqian, Political Commissar Chen Changhao, and Political Department Director Liu Shiqi.
Under the jurisdiction of the Red Fourth Army (the leadership of the army is concurrently held by the headquarters of the Front Army) and the Red Twenty-fifth Army (commander Kuang Jixun, political commissar Wang Pingzhang), with a total strength of 45,000 people, and the Red Ninth Army was established, with a total of six divisions.
Beginning in July 1932, the Kuomintang, with a force of 300,000 troops, launched an encirclement and suppression of the Eyu-Anhui Soviet Region.
On October 10, Zhang Guotao held an emergency meeting in Huangchaifa, Huang'an County
On October 12, the Red Fourth Front decided to abandon the Eyu-Anhui Soviet Region, leaving the Red Seventy-fourth Division and the Red Seventy-fifth Division and the independent units to form the Red Twenty-fifth Army under the responsibility of Shen Zemin to persist in guerrilla warfare, the army headquarters and the main red tenth division, the red eleventh division, the red twelfth division, the red seventy-third division and the red seventy-third division, a total of more than 20,000 people in the Young Communist International Regiment, went west.
In December 1932, the Sichuan-Shaanxi Soviet District was created on the border between Shaanxi and Sichuan. In July 1933, the Red Fourth Front defeated the three-way siege of the Sichuan Army, and its strength developed rapidly, so it upgraded the four divisions under its jurisdiction to an army and reorganized it into:
Red Fourth Army
Red Ninth Army (Commander He Wei, Political Commissar Zhan Caifang, Deputy Commander Xu Shiyou, Chief of Staff Wang Xueli, Director of the Political Department Wang Xinting)
Red 30th Army (Commander Yu Tianyun, Political Commissar Li Xiannian)
Red Thirty-first Army (Commander Wang Shusheng, Political Commissar Zhang Guangcai)
The eastern Sichuan guerrillas were reorganized into the Red 33rd Army (Commander Wang Weizhou, Political Commissar Yang Keming, Deputy Commander Luo Nanhui)
History
From November 1927 to November 1929, the Party successively led the Jute, Shangnan, and Liuhuo Uprisings, formed an armed force of workers and peasants, and carried out guerrilla warfare in northeastern Hubei, southeastern Henan, and western Anhui province.
By January 1930, the above-mentioned armed forces were organized into the 31st, 32nd and 33rd Divisions of the 11th Army of the Red Army.
In April, the Red 11th Army was reorganized into the 1st Army of the Red Army.
In June, the Soviet Government of the Eyu-Anhui Border Region was established.
In December, the Red 15th Army moved from the Huang (Spring) Huang (Mei) Guang (Ji) area to the Huang (An) Ma (Cheng) area of the Eyu-Anhui Su District.
In January 1931, the Red Army in the Eyu-Anhui Soviet District broke the first "encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang army, and the Red 1st Army and the Red 15th Army were merged into the Red 4th Army, with a total of more than 12,500 people.
In mid-May, the Central Branch bureau of the CPC Eyuwan and the Revolutionary Military Commission were established, and Zhang Guotao served as the secretary of the sub-bureau and the chairman of the Central Military Commission.
At the end of May, the Red Army in the Eyu-Anhui Soviet District broke the second "encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang army, annihilated more than 3 regiments of the Kuomintang army, and destroyed 1 brigade.
In July, the main force of the Red 4th Army moved south from the southern Henan region and launched offensive operations in the Yingshan, Puchun, Huangmei, and Guangji areas, and by September, a total of more than 7 regiments of the Nationalist army had been annihilated.
In October, the 25th Army of the Red Army was formed in western Anhui.
On November 7, the Red 4th and Red 25th Armies were combined into the Fourth Front Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army at Qiliping in Huang'an (present-day Hong'an) County, with Xu As the former commander-in-chief, Chen Changhao as the political commissar, and Liu Shiqi as the director of the Political Department (Later Wu Huanxian), with nearly 30,000 troops. The establishment of the Red Fourth Front marks that the Red Army in the Eyu-Anhui Soviet Region has entered a new stage of development.
The Headquarters of the 4th Red Army was headed by the Headquarters of the Front Army and had jurisdiction over the 10th, 11th and 12th Divisions;
The Red 25th Army, with Kuang Jixun as the commander and Wang Pingzhang as the political commissar, was in charge of the 73rd Division.
From November 1931 to June 1932, the Red Fourth Front conducted four consecutive battles of Huang'an, Shanghuang, Sujiabu and Huangguang, annihilating about 60,000 Kuomintang troops.
In the anti-"encirclement and suppression" operations, the Red Fourth Front created such tactics as avoiding the strong and attacking the weak, encircling and detouring, and encircling points to strike at aid, thus making important contributions to the formation and development of the strategic and tactical principles of the Red Army.
After the Battle of Sujiabu, the Red Fourth Front formed the 74th and 75th Divisions of the Red 25th Army.
After the battle of Huangguang, the Red Fourth Front, together with the newly formed independent 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Divisions, the Peng (Pan) Yang (Yin) Military and Political Cadre School and the Young Communist International Regiment, totaled more than 45,000 people.
The Soviet District expanded to more than 40,000 square kilometers and had 26 county-level political powers.
In July 1932, the General Headquarters of the Three Provinces of Yu'e-Anhui, with Chiang Kai-shek personally serving as commander-in-chief, mobilized more than 300,000 troops to launch the fourth "encirclement and suppression" of the Eyu-Anhui Soviet Region.
In October, the Central Bureau of the Communist Party of China and the Headquarters of the Red Fourth Front led more than 20,000 people from the 10th, 11th, 12th, and 73rd Divisions and the International Regiment of the Young Communist Party crossed the Pinghan Railway (present-day Beijing-Hankou), passed through northern Hubei and western Henan, and reached southern Shaanxi in November.
The first unit of the Red 25th Army and the 75th and 27th Divisions (formerly renamed the Independent 4th Division) remained in the Soviet zone to continue the struggle.
On November 19, the Eyu-Anhui Revolutionary Military Commission was renamed the Northwest Revolutionary Military Commission, and Zhang Guotao succeeded him as chairman.
Zeng Zhongsheng served as chief of staff of the Front Army (later Ni Zhiliang), and Zhang Qinqiu served as director of the General Political Department of the Front Army.
In December, the Red Fourth Front took advantage of the Sichuan warlord melee and its weak strength in northern Sichuan to march to northern Sichuan.
By February 1933, the Sichuan-Shaanxi-Suzhou District centered on Tongjiang, Nanjiang, and Bazhong was opened.
In mid-February, Tian Songyao, the superintendent of the Sichuan-Shaanxi Border Region's "suppression of bandits", attacked the Sichuan-Shaanxi Soviet Region in three ways with nearly 60,000 troops, and after more than four months of mobile operations, smashed the "three-way siege" of the Sichuan army, killing and wounding more than 14,000 Kuomintang troops and capturing more than 10,000 of them.
At the end of June, the Red Fourth Front held a military conference in Mumen Town, Wangcang County, summed up the combat experience of the anti-"three-way siege", and decided to expand the four divisions into 4 armies and restore the Pengyang Military and Political Cadre School.
In early July, the red fourth front troops were reorganized and expanded. Xu Xiangqian and Chen Changhao were still appointed as commander-in-chief and political commissar, Wang Shusheng as deputy commander-in-chief, Chen Changhao concurrently served as director of the General Political Department, and Fu Zhong served as deputy directors (later Passed on sixth and Zhou Chunquan). Based on the 10th, 12th, 11th, and 73rd Divisions, each division was partially armed, and was successively expanded into the 4th Army (Wang Hongkun as commander, Zhou Chunquan as political commissar, with the 10th, 11th, and 12th divisions under its jurisdiction), the 9th Army (He Wei as commander, Zhan Caifang as political commissar, the 25th and 27th Divisions under its jurisdiction), the 30th Army (Yu Tianyun as commander, Li Xiannian as political commissar, the 88th, 89th, and 90th Divisions), the 31st Army (Wang Shusheng as commander, Zhang Guangcai as political commissar, and the 91st Army). 92nd, 93rd Divisions).
From August to October, in order to further expand the Soviet area, the Red Fourth Front took advantage of the fact that the new siege deployment of the Sichuan Army was not yet ready, and held three offensive campaigns of Yi (Long) South (Guo), Ying (Shan) Canal (Shan), and Xuan (Han) Da (County), annihilating nearly 20,000 Sichuan Troops and forming the 26th Division of the Red 29th Army. During the Xuanda Campaign, the Red Fourth Front met with the eastern Sichuan guerrilla army that was fighting in the areas of Daxian, Xuanhan, and Liangshan (present-day Liangping).
The Eastern Sichuan Guerrilla Army was reorganized into the 33rd Army of the Red Fourth Front, with Wang Weizhou as its commander and Yang Keming as its political commissar, and had jurisdiction over the 97th, 98th, and 99th Divisions. By this time, the Red Fourth Front had grown to 5 armies of about 80,000 men.
The Sichuan-Shaanxi base area has a total area of 42,000 square kilometers, a population of more than 5 million, controlled 8 county seats, and established revolutionary regimes in 23 counties and cities.
In November, the Sichuan warlord Liu Xiang mobilized 200,000 troops to launch a "six-way siege" against the Sichuan-Shaanxi Su District. The Red Fourth Front still adopted the operational policy of "tightening the position", and successively thwarted four general offensives of Liu Xiang's troops, fighting until September 1934, killing and wounding more than 80,000 Sichuan troops.
In early to mid-November, the Red Fourth Front successively held a party-government work conference and a military work conference in Maoyu Town, Tongjiang County, and Qingjiangdu, Bazhong County.
In order to improve leadership and enrich the company, the front army carried out organizational adjustments, With Li Te as deputy chief of staff, the 11th, 26th, 92nd, and 97th divisions abolishing division headquarters, the troops merged into other divisions, the artillery battalion directly under it was expanded into an artillery regiment, the armed forces under the guerrilla command were merged into the independent 1st and 2nd divisions, and the Peng Yang Military and Political Cadre School was renamed the Red Army University (Ni Zhiliang was also the president).
In January 1933, a women's independent battalion was established in Tongjiang County. In the anti-"six-way siege", it was expanded into a women's independent regiment, with a total of more than 2,000 people, directly under the leadership of the headquarters of the front army.
In order to realize the Sichuan-Shaanxi-Gansu plan of "relying on the old areas, shrinking the front, and developing new areas" and in response to the operations of the Central Red Army on the sichuan-Qianqian-Dianbian border, the Red Fourth Front army carried out the Battle of Jialing River from March 28 to April 21, 1935, annihilating more than 12 regiments of the Sichuan Army and about 10,000 people, occupying a large area west of the Jialing River.
However, Zhang Guotao, intimidated by certain difficulties in the Soviet zone and the large-scale attack of the Kuomintang army on the Soviet zone, decided to abandon the Sichuan-Shaanxi Su zone without authorization and ordered his troops to continue to move westward.
The Red Fourth Front, together with local armed forces and Soviet government agencies, schools, hospitals, and factory workers, totaling about 100,000 people, began the Long March in early May and occupied a vast area centered on Mao County and Lifan (present-day Li County) in the middle of May.
In June, the Red Fourth Front and the Central Red Army (Red Front) met in the Maogong (present-day Xiaojin) area in northwestern Sichuan.
In July, the Red Army transferred some cadres to the Red Fourth Front, which played a positive role in strengthening the work of the Red Fourth Front.
The Red Fourth Front transferred the 32nd Regiment of the 12th Division of the 4th Army, the 270th Regiment of the 90th Division of the 30th Army, and the 294th Regiment of the 98th Division of the 33rd Army to the Red Front.
The central authorities decided that the two fronts would jointly move north and create the Sichuan-Shaanxi-Gansu-Suzhou Region.
In mid-August, the Red Army's First and Fourth Fronts were mixed into the Left and Right Route Armies moving north.
At the end of the month, the Right Route Army stepped out of the sparsely populated meadows and entered the Brazilian region of Sichuan Province.
The Red 30th Army and the Red 4th Army annihilated 1 division of the Nationalist Army in the Baozuo area, opening the door to the march to Gannan.
After Zhang Guotao, who led the Left Route Army, arrived at Aba with the leading troops, he stood still, refused to carry out the CPC Central Committee's policy of going north, and carried a telegram from the central authorities to order the Right Route Army to go south in an attempt to split and endanger the central authorities.
The central government then led the main force of the Red Army to continue north on September 10, while Zhang Guotao led the Red Fourth Front and the 5th and 32nd Armies of the Red Front to the south to Chuankangbian on September 15.
In October, the Red Army moving south held the Battle of Sui (Jing) Chong(Hua)Dan(Ba)Mao (Gong), killing and wounding more than 3,000 Kuomintang troops. Following the launch of the Tian(Quan)Lu (Shan)Ming (Shan)Ya (An)Qiong (崃)大 (邑) Campaign, a total of more than 25,000 Kuomintang troops were killed and wounded, and the Red Army suffered nearly 10,000 casualties.
In January 1936, the Red 5th Army and the Red 33rd Army were merged into the Red 5th Army, with Dong Zhentang as the commander and Huang Chao as the political commissar, under the jurisdiction of the 13th Division formed by the 5th Army and the 15th Division organized by the 33rd Army.
In February, the Kuomintang mobilized heavy troops to attack the Tianquan and Lushan areas, and the Red Fourth Front was forced to withdraw westward.
In April, it was transferred to the Ganzi and Luhuo areas.
Due to the southward and westward advances, the Red Fourth Front's round-trip to and from the snowy mountains and meadows and continuous combat was reduced from more than 80,000 to more than 40,000 when it went south.
The Red Fourth Front was reorganized. Li Te served as chief of staff, Zhou Chunquan as director of the Political Department, and Li Zhuoran as deputy director of the Political Department. The 4th and 9th Armies each had 4 divisions under the command of the divisions, with battalions directly under their command; the 30th Army was temporarily absent from the 90th Division; the 32nd Army (with Luo Binghui as the commander and Li Ganhui as the political commissar) had jurisdiction over the 94th and 96th Divisions; and the Cavalry Division (Xu Shiyou was the commander of the division) was formed. It also administers the General Headquarters of the Sichuan Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army (Wang Weizhou as the commander-in-chief), the Jinchuan Military Region (Ni Zhiliang is also the commander, shao Shiping is the political commissar), and the Red Army University (Liu Bocheng is the president, He Wei is the political commissar).
Under the resolute struggle and influence of Zhu De, Liu Bocheng, Xu Xiangqian, and others, the vast number of commanders and fighters of the Red Fourth Front resisted and struggled against Zhang Guotao's separatism and southward policy.
In June, the Red Fourth Front decided to go north with the Red 2nd and Red 6th Armies.
On July 2, the Red Fourth Front, together with the Red 2nd and Red 6th Armies, the Red 2nd, Red 6th and Red 32nd Armies, the Red 2nd, Red 6th and Red 32nd Armies, formed the Second Front of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army from the Long March from the Qiansu District of Xiang'echuan.
In early July, the Red Fourth and Red Second Fronts set out from Ganzi, Luhuo, and Suijing (present-day Jinchuan), overcame many difficulties, arrived in the Baozuo area on August 1, and after holding the Battle of Min (County) Tao (州, present-day Lintan) West (Gu, present-day Zhouqu), breaking through the blockade of the Kuomintang army, on October 9 and 22 respectively, they reached Jiangtai Fort (present-day Xiji, Ningxia) north of Huining and Jingning in Gansu Province, and met with the Red Army division, successfully ending the Long March.
In late October 1936, in accordance with the deployment of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, the 30th Army of the Red Fourth Front crossed the Yellow River. Subsequently, the 9th Army, the headquarters of the Red Fourth Front and the 5th Army also crossed the Yellow River to prepare for the implementation of the Ningxia Campaign Plan.
On November 5, the headquarters of the Red Army sent a telegram to the Hexi troops of the Red Fourth Front: At present, the main task is to eliminate Ma Bufang's department and independently carry out a new situation, first occupying the Dajing, Gulang, and Yongdeng areas, and if necessary, quickly occupying the Liangzhou (Wuwei) area. On the 11th, the CPC Central Committee decided that the Hexi troops should be called the Western Route Army, and set up a military and political committee of the Western Route Army with Chen Changhao as the chairman and Xu Xiangqian as the vice chairman to unify the actions of the department.
In the Hexi Corridor area of Gansu Province, the Western Route Army fought a bloody battle with the superior forces of the warlord Ma Bufang for more than four months, annihilating about 25,000 enemy troops, but the Western Route Army also suffered serious losses, and finally failed in mid-March 1937.
On the 14th, the Military and Political Committee of the Western Route Army decided to organize the remnants into three detachments, under the unified leadership of the Western Route Army Working Committee composed of 8 people, including Li Zhuoran and Li Xiannian, and transferred to the Qilian Mountains to fight guerrillas.
The left detachment led by Li Xiannian of more than 400 people, after enduring hardships, entered Xinjiang at the end of April, and then returned to the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region in batches. Most of the other 2 detachments were killed, and a small number of personnel returned to northern Shaanxi one after another.
The 4th and 31st Armies of the Red Fourth Front, which remained east of the Yellow River, totaled more than 11,000 men, took part in the Battle of Shan castle and joined the Western Army in February 1937 to support the Western Route Army.
In early March, under the leadership of Liu Bocheng, commander of the Western Aid Army, and Zhang Hao, political commissar, they marched west from the Chunhua region of Shaanxi Province. By the time it reached the Zhenyuan and Pingliang areas of Gansu Province in mid-March, the Wenxi Route Army had failed and had stopped advancing westward.
In July 1937, the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression broke out in full swing. In order to promote the national War of Resistance, the Communist Party of China and the Chinese Nationalist Party reached an agreement, and the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army.
In August, the 4th and 31st Armies of the Red Fourth Front and the 29th and 30th Armies of the Red Army in Northern Shaanxi were reorganized into the 129th Division of the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army.
In the agrarian revolutionary war, the Red Fourth Front's combat footprints spread throughout the provinces of Hubei, Henan, Anhui, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qingdao, and Xinxin, annihilating a large number of Kuomintang troops and making major contributions to the cause of the Chinese revolution.