Six poems, look at the Song Dynasty's Fourteenth Lantern Festival on the first month
The fifteenth day of the first month is the Lantern Festival, the custom is ancient, this is since the Han Dynasty to the lunar calendar January as the first full moon day of the new year, from the pre-Qin popular folk festival moon and fire sacrifice tradition, in the long historical process, the fusion of Buddhist Tao, the formation of a huge early spring folk customs. On this day, the folk use lights to light up the human world, and the lights and moons shine brightly, and the celebration is auspicious.
In the Tang Dynasty, with Taoism as the state religion, the fifteenth day of the first month was officially called "Shangyuan Festival", and the official and folk celebrated on this day, Chang'an and Luoyang unlocked the curfew, the lights were bright, the songs were boiling, people were everywhere in the spring, the lights were brilliant, and the night was up.
After the founding of the Song Dynasty, there was a period of relative peace and stability, at this time the Shangyuan Festival has been extended to the fourteenth to the seventeenth day of the first month, the official holiday is three days, and the folk cheerfulness continues for a longer period, covering the entire first month.
So why is the fourteenth day of the first month of the Song Dynasty also an important day?
First, from the folklore point of view, the prosperity and stability of the economy, a day certainly can not carry more content, although the regular day of the lantern festival is the fifteenth day of the first month, but the advance work has long been completed, so it has formed the fourteenth of the first month, called the test lantern festival, how can the lit lights be extinguished? On the contrary, this is to bring the lamp market ahead of time, many people can see the lights in advance, and many arrangements, such as the celebration between colleagues and the gathering between relatives, can be advanced. The so-called test light is just a statement. Whether it is from a folk or economic point of view, it is already crowded and the festive atmosphere is bursting.
Second, from the perspective of the full moon cycle of the moon, although it is generally considered that the fifteenth moon is a perfect circle, in fact, due to the actual celestial phenomenon, the fullest moon may be advanced at fourteen, or it may be delayed to sixteen or seventeen. So from the fourteenth day of the first month to the seventeenth day of the first month, it is a good day to see the moon.
Third, from the early spring season climate, at this time the wind and clouds are changeable, cloudy and uncertain, but the actual bustle of the Shangyuan Festival extends from the fourteenth day of the first month to the sixteenth and seventeenth of the first month, taking into account the time and economy of many people, even if there is rain on the fifteenth day of the first month, there will always be rain every day, and the mood of people's celebration will be released.
"The first turn of the moon. Golden knife scissors kung fu different.
Called QingGaotang huan childish. Look at Willow.
From the east to the spring breeze.
Fourteen new toads have not yet been rounded. Red light test in front of the building at first glance.
The ice scattered green pond spring is fine. Fish want to play.
The garden is already flower weather. Northern Song Dynasty · Ouyang Xiu,"Fisherman's Pride Part I"
The first month is naturally a good month with many festivals, New Year, Spring Festival, People's Day, and the fifteenth day of the first month. Although the spring of the season has just arrived, the liveliness and spring in the human world are very full, you look at what you wear on your head and wear on your body, and everything is indisputably colorful. Especially in the Song Dynasty, men and women popular major festival hairpin flowers, flowers full of branches, if there are few flowers in early spring, it is difficult to help skillful women, with a variety of textiles made of silk flowers, decorated on the head, a joyous atmosphere.
Men, women and children celebrate the New Year and the New Year, not to mention, on such a day, seeing the east wind coming, everything is thriving.
Although the fourteenth day of the first month is not the fullest day of the moon, the red lanterns in every household have been lit, saying that it is called a test lamp, which actually makes people's eyes stunning.
For example, the garden has been hung with red lanterns, the pond ice open, swimming fish playing, plum blossoms bloom all over the garden, of course, embellished with plum blossoms are countless red lanterns, as well as tourists who flock to see the lights and enjoy the spring.
Although the official festival of the First Yuan Festival is fifteen, the liveliness of the human world has long been advanced.
"Everyone is happy, and the weather is suddenly overcast."
Fear the snow of the Ming Dynasty, how to this night heart.
The wheel hooves are far away, and the trumpet chaos is deeper.
I am alone and quiet, and the green light shines bitterly. Song · Kong Pingzhong, "Fourteen Nights of the First Month"
This is also the fourteenth day of the first month of the Northern Song Dynasty, and people in the city are busy traveling in the spring to see the lights. The so-called fun refers to the entertainment of playing and walking. The Song Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty popularized the Shangyuan Festival, wearing white clothes, carrying lanterns, and coming out to walk, this custom was more prevalent in the Ming and Qing dynasties, called "walking a hundred diseases", almost a night tour of the city.
On the fourteenth day of the first month of the Song Dynasty, the streets were already full of people, carrying lanterns, walking, looking at the lights, and laughing at the same time. Suddenly, it was overcast and the clouds were cold.
They were all afraid of the snow tomorrow, and as a result, more people came out and joined the team to walk and watch the lights, which was as lively as the fifteenth day of the first month.
The carriage stayed in a long distance and was stuck in traffic jams, and in the middle of the night there was a carnival of sheng zhen, fearing that there would be snow tomorrow, and it was almost a city to go out and party in the street.
And it is precisely this poet who does not want to catch up with this bustle and stays at home alone. It was a rare quiet in the middle of nowhere, and he listened to the sound of the city, the undulating sound of firecrackers, and wrote poetry alone under the lamp of his home. That's fine, because it's very objective. One can imagine how his wife and daughter hurried out to catch the scene. He was a little helpless and sarcastic.
Indeed, for big men, is the bustle of the fourteenth day of the first month so good-looking? There is no moon, but people look at people. However, this is also the happiness of the traditional festival, that is, so many people are happy together. A city of people accompany you for a walk, a street of lights shining, a few days a year Oh.
"The lights are warm and hot at night to promote spring, and the sky is halfway up to drink and drink."
The chi road crosses the mountain, and the terrace is surrounded by clusters of Zhu wheels.
The curtains are bright and colorful, and the next horse is light and luxurious.
I'm already twilight, thick oil a eucalyptus side. Northern Song Dynasty · Mei Yaochen "And Wang Jingyi has a feeling on the fourteenth night of the first month"
The Son of Heaven feasted on his courtiers and watched the lamps, and also advanced to the fourteenth day of the first month.
Of course, this is still in the Middle of the Year, the place where Tianzi feasted was the high-rise building near the palace road, and under the tall building, at the end of the wide road, a huge terrace and a mountain of lights were built.
Regent led his family, received a banquet from the emperor, and the Zhulun carriage was parked under the castle tower.
Noble ladies and officials walked in splendid clothes, pearlescent, and dressed up, no less than the beauty pageant.
On such an occasion, Mei Yaochen's official clothes seemed cold, and it was likely that he did not bring his wife.
He was old and could not help but attend such a party, but his mood could not be integrated, holding a cup of strong tea alone, leaning on the pillar, looking at these upstarts and beauties.
He either felt that such a grandeur was quite luxurious, or he was just no longer young, and now he was just an old official who showed the emperor's kindness to him, and did not forget him on important occasions.
Mei Yaochen was born into poverty and was known for his straightness, and in his cold eyes, there were many worries. It was incompatible with the peaceful and prosperous atmosphere that the emperor wished.
"The Phoenix Candle Planet first tried the lamp." Ice wheels crush the green ridge layer.
Although the road is very full, it may not be better than such a night.
Stay with the guests and change the Yao. Outside the teaching building, xiao Shanheng.
The spring breeze has pitied me from the old, and that is more delicate and old. Song · Zhu Dunru, "Partridge Days, its Ninth Day, Fourteen Nights of the First Month"
The fourteenth day of the first month is the festival of test lights, that is, this night many people start to hang lights in their homes, although the lively attractions must be brilliant, but it is the calmness of time, so the lights of the fourteenth day of the first month are usually not the most brilliant.
But many parties started on this night, such as between friends. The family's is concentrated on the fifteenth day of the first month.
But it is precisely in this way that when the fourteenth moon rises, it seems that it is not as complete as the fifteenth day, but it is this night that is slightly illuminated, but it can show the beauty of the moon.
So he used a contrast, although the fifteenth moon is the roundest, but the world's most abundant lights, but more than the moon, so I think this night is the most beautiful and the best.
Drinking in such an upstairs, you can see the lights, and you can see the moonlight.
More importantly, the beautiful women on the table are still old acquaintances, and this spring night and spring moon feast will not have emotional nourishment and fullness.
The flowers are not fully bloomed and the moon is not fully round, so the people keep each other, and there is a lot of beauty.
"On the fourteenth night of the first month, how the moon is grouped."
It seems that I know that I have been out of the woods, and I have borrowed the yuan to see. Southern Song Dynasty · Yang Wanli's "Two Songs on the Moon by the Creek"
Like Yang Wanli's handsomeness.
You say that on the night of the fourteenth day of the first month, why is the moon so round?
At this time, he and his friends were far away from the city and admiring the moon by the stream.
He asked knowingly. His father liked to study the I Ching the most, and Yang Wanli naturally knew more about astronomy than others.
He specially chose to look at the most beautiful and round spring moon of the year on the fourteenth day of the first month, to see the place he chose, the stream playing with the moon.
He can fool others, he can't fool me.
For example, he deceived his fellow travelers and said that this moon must have seen us come out, and specially moved the circle of tomorrow to today.
In fact, he came away from the world and came to see the moon specifically.
Yang Wanli's optimism in life is to inherit the wisdom of his father, and he always sees vitality from the trough. Familiar with the I Ching, he naturally knows the profit and loss of the moon phase, and even cares more about the real beauty than others, which is the knowledge and wealth that nature gives him.
He probably didn't bother to say why the fifteenth moon was fourteen round.
The moon is in the heart.
"Last year's wind and rain and dark Lantern Festival, this year's suspense knows the moonlight Rao."
Suddenly a light left the sea, and the sky went to the Star Bridge.
The sound of footsteps is still in the car, and the people's language is noisy and drummed.
It must be Feng Yi who is afraid of Ewu, and there is no light blowing. Southern Song Dynasty · Xiang Anshi "Fourteen Nights of the First Moon"
On the First Yuan Festival, secular people look at the lights, and quiet people appreciate the moon.
It is because there is a moon in the heart that you will care about the full moon of this early spring.
Last year's wind and rain, the whole Lantern Festival is bleak, how do I know that this year's moonlight is so beautiful?
As if it is a bright lamp, suddenly leaving the coastline, such a beautiful moonlight, so that many people carry lanterns to the seaside viewing bridge, looking at it from a distance, like shooting stars month by month.
I looked down and saw countless cars and horses on the street, people talking noisily, and music playing.
But this does not affect the purity and beauty of this round of moon, there is no wind in the air, I saw this round of spring moon, steadily rising to the zenith, like a pearl of the night.
From here, it can be analyzed that this is the moonlight of the day after the rain, because the poet is not sure whether the moon can be seen on this night.
It is in this uncertainty, the clear night sky, the spring moon rising, giving people unexpected surprises.
It can also be seen here that on the fourteenth day of the first month, the lantern viewing activity has begun.
The Song Dynasty was followed by the Yuan Dynasty, and the grand Zhongyuan Festival was suppressed. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was restored, as a folk festival, the custom of viewing lanterns was strengthened, and the moon viewing was diluted and became another form, that is, eating tangyuan, appreciating lanterns, and watching fireworks.
However, the contemporary natural environment protection is so good, the beauty of the new spring and the full moon, if it is sunny, do not miss, the fourteenth to the seventeenth of the first month are the most beautiful moonlit nights, let the spring moonlight, bathe you and me!
Hatsuyoshi Katsuyuki interprets the love and beauty in the poems for you. Image from the web.