Bronze mirrors from the changzhi city museum collection
Cultural Relics Quarterly, 1996.04 Cui Limin (Changzhi City Museum)
Since the 1970s, our museum has collected a large number of bronze mirrors from past dynasties, both collections and excavations, some of which have high historical and artistic value, and some of them are introduced as follows:
A han dynasty bronze mirror
Daylight with arc mirror 2 pieces. One piece has a diameter of 7 and a rim thickness of 0.7 cm. Round button, beaded button seat, the outer decoration of the seat is inwardly curved for eight consecutive weeks. There is an inscription between the two lines in the main area: "See the light of the sun, the world is bright." Each word is separated by "の" or "◇", with a narrow edge. In June 1973, the southeast of Jindong foreign trade selection (Figure 1, 1); The other piece has a diameter of 7.6 cm and a rim thickness of 0.6 cm. Round button, round button seat, the outer decoration of the seat is inwardly curved twelve times a week. There is an inscription between the two lines in the main area: "See the light of the sun, the world is bright." Each word is separated by "の", and the plain is wide and flat. In 1975, Jindongnan Agricultural Products Company was selected (Figure 1, 2).
Zhao Ming even arc mirror 2 pieces. One piece has a diameter of 8.5 and a rim thickness of 0.4 cm. Round button, round button seat, the outer decoration of the seat is inwardly curved for a week, and there is an inscription between the double line patterns: "Inner Qing to show the light, light fu sun and moon." Each word is separated by the word "and". Plain flat margin (Fig. 1, 3); The other piece has a diameter of 13.1 and a rim thickness of 0.7 cm. Round button, twelve beaded button seats, a wide string pattern on the outside of the seat, and its outer decoration is inwardly eight consecutive arcs. There is an inscription between the two lines in the main area: "The inner purity is clear, the light is like the sun and the moon, and the heart does not leak." The words are separated by the word "and" and have a wide margin (Figure 1, 4). The above two pieces were selected by the southeastern foreign trade in 1973.
Four breasts and four glasses 1 piece. Diameter 8, rim thickness 0.5 cm. Semi-circular button, round button seat, two spokes between the seats decorated with four rays, each with a breast spaced, a bird pattern on each abdomen and a bird pattern on both sides of the back, and a plain flat edge (Fig. 1, 5).
Four breasts and four beast mirrors 1 piece. Diameter 11.1, rim thickness 0.5 cm. Round button, round button seat, the outer decoration of the seat is high up and wide string pattern for one week, the main area of the two weeks of diagonal pattern and the two weeks of string pattern match, between the even arrangement of the four breasts, the main division into four parts, respectively decorated with double dragon and double tiger pattern, plain wide flat edge (Figure 1, 6).
The above two pieces were selected by the Changzhi Recycling Company in 1980.
2 pieces of regular tattoo glasses. One piece has a diameter of 13.8 cm and a rim thickness of 0.4 cm. Round button, round button seat, double line square frame outside the seat. The inner area is decorated with regular patterns, and the eight breasts are decorated with eight milks and eight animal motifs such as dragons, tigers, geese, and finches; There is an inscription in the outer area: "The Chronicle of Words begins in the mirror, the Dragon Left Left White Tiger, and the Sun Tzu is prepared to live." On the outside, it is decorated with ctenophores, triangular serrations, and flow clouds, with narrow margins (Fig. 2, 1). The other piece has a diameter of 9 and a rim thickness of 0.3 cm. Round button, round button seat, double line square frame outside the seat. The main area is decorated with a regular pattern, interspersed with four breasts and a suzaku pattern, and the outer part is decorated with a ctenophore, a double chord pattern and a repeating tooth pattern, and a narrow rim (Fig. 2, 2).
The above two pieces were selected by Jindongnan Agricultural Products Company in 1975.
1 piece of four milkweed leaf pattern mirrors. Diameter 13.6, rim thickness 0.4 cm. Round button, four-leaf pattern button seat, single-line square frame outside the seat, with an inscription on the outside: "See the light of the sun, there is the light of the moon." Each word is separated by a leaf, and its exterior is decorated with a three-line large square frame, and a group of leaf lobes protrude outward from each of the four corners of the square frame, which is divided into four areas between the square frame and the mirror edge, each area is centered on a milk and a leaf, and there is a symmetrical continuous grass leaf pattern on the left and right, four areas counting four milks and eight groups of grass leaf patterns, and sixteen inward curved edges. In 1985, it was excavated from Shangxiang, a suburb of Changzhi City (Figure 2, 3).
Kyaukguang Jiadu re-circled 1 inscription mirror. Diameter 16.1, rim thickness 0.6 cm. Round button, twelve beaded button seats, two wide strings outside the seat divide the back of the mirror into two inner and outer areas of the inscription belt, the inner area inscription: "The inner qing quality is clear, the brilliance is like the sun and the moon, the heart is suddenly willing to be loyal, but the Yongsai is not." The inscription in the outer area reads: "Miaojiaoguang shines beautifully, carries on the good capital and accepts leisure, loves and pleasures and gives sex, celebrates the existence of god without moving, gains the same momentum without weakening, and concentrates on folding and stops at serving the king." Su Pingyuan, on the side of the mirror edge, engraved the jin dynasty official palace record: "Taihe five-year recorder" eight characters and assigned. Taihe is the era name of Emperor Jinzhangzong, and the fifth year of Taihe (1205) is the first year of the kaixi of Emperor Ningzong of Song; Engraved on the other side of the mirror rim: "◆◆ real clothes" seems to be a personal name, which is added by posterity from the book body. In 1978, Changzhi Agricultural Products Company was selected (Figure 2, 4).
2 Tang Dynasty bronze mirror
Rui Beast Qin Wang Mirror 1 piece, residual. Diameter 9.3, rim thickness 0.7 cm. Round button, round button seat, double line pattern to divide the mirror back into two areas inside and outside, the inner area of the four beasts around the button for the same direction of mercedes-benz; There is an inscription in the outer area: "Reward the Qin King's mirror, judge himself to spare thousands of dollars, not to care for the guts, but to be self-evident." The proximal edge is decorated with ctenophores for a week, narrow margin. In 1985, the Tang tomb in Beishigou Village, a suburb of Changzhi City, was excavated (Figure 2, 5).
Rui Beast Flower Hair Mirror 1 piece, residual. Diameter 12.7, rim thickness 0.9 cm. Spherical button, round button seat, the back of the mirror is divided into two areas with two-week oblique serrated pattern and two-week line pattern, and the inner area is decorated with four rui beasts galloping around the button, of which the two beasts are gu shou,between the beasts, there are four words: "Feng Li Dacheng"; There is an inscription in the outer area: "Flowers and hair have no winter and summer, lintai is clear at night, I know The intentions of the Qin family, and I can make up beautifully." The proximal edge is decorated with serrated stripes for two weeks and a line stripe for one week, with a narrow rim. In 1987, it was excavated from Shangxiang on the outskirts of Changzhi City (Figure 2, 6).
Grape vine mirror 1 piece. Diameter 9.5, rim thickness 1.1 cm. Round button, the back of the button is cast with a cross pattern, petal-shaped button seat, the string pattern divides the mirror back into two areas inside and outside, and the inner area is decorated with grape vine branches and leaves; The outer area is decorated with winding branches and curly leaf patterns, and the curl edges. In 1975, Jindongnan Agricultural Products Company was selected (Figure 3, 1).
1 piece of ray beast bird mirror, residual. Diameter 12.2, rim thickness 1.3 cm. Beast button, the curly leaf pattern around the mirror back is divided into two areas, the inner area surrounds the four beasts; The outer area is decorated with birds, flowers, and grape vines and leaves, and the near edge is decorated with curly leaf patterns for a week, and the curled edge. In 1980, Changzhi Recycling Company was selected in daku (Figure 3, 2).
1 piece of grape mirror. Diameter 22.1, rim thickness 1.3 cm. Beast button, the back of the button is engraved with the word "Zhang", the string pattern divides the mirror back into two areas inside and outside, and the inner area is decorated with six beasts with different postures to climb grape vines and leaves; The outer area is the vine branches and leaves, birds and animals, and the near edge is decorated with petal patterns and narrow edges. In 1979, the Changzi County Acquisition Station was selected (Figure 4).
Ride 1 piece of fairy mirrors. Diameter 11.2, rim thickness 0.6 cm. Eight-curved sunflower-shaped, round button, the main area decorated with two immortals riding beasts flying in the same direction around the button, behind the belt with the wind fluttering, interspersed with the two immortal mountains. Its outer chord pattern is circumferential, and the proximal edge is decorated with flowing clouds, bees and butterflies with folded branches of flowers, and a narrow rim. In 1980, Changzhi Recycling Company was selected in daku (Figure 3, 3).
One piece to the bird mirror. Diameter 18.1, rim thickness 0.4 cm, octagonal sunflower shape, round button, the main area decorated with two partridges spreading their wings and tails and standing on the button, the button is decorated with flowing clouds, the button is a beast galloping, its outer decoration is a week of strings, and the proximal edge is decorated with bee butterflies, flowing clouds and folded branches of flowers, narrow edges. In 1973, the southeastern Jin Dynasty was selected for foreign trade (Figure 3, 4).
3. Song Dynasty bronze mirror
Bagua square mirror 1 piece. The side length is 13.8 cm and the rim thickness is 0.4 cm. Square, round button, petal pattern button seat, its outer string pattern for a week, the main pattern decorated with Bagua pattern, from the dry position there is an inscription: "Longde Fu Cheng Jia Bronze Jian." On the outside is a large single-line frame with a wide bevel. Jingyuan engraved the official government's note: "Luzhou Recorder" five characters and assigned to custody. In 1985, it was excavated from Liushu Village, Guocun Township, Changzi County (Figure 3, 5).
2 pieces of flower and grass mirrors. One piece has a diameter of 12.9 cm and a rim thickness of 0.4 cm. Semi-circular button, petal-shaped button seat, the main area between the two sides of the string pattern decorated with tangled branches and grass patterns, plain edge (Fig. 3, 6). The other is 10.7 cm in diameter and 0.4 cm in width. Eight diamond-shaped, semi-circular buttons, petal-shaped button seats, main pattern decorated with tangled branches of floral patterns, plain edges (Fig. 5, 1). Two pieces were selected for the foreign trade of Changzhi City in 1975.
1 piece of chrysanthemum mirror. Diameter 15.5, rim thickness 0.4 cm. Bridge-shaped button, petal-shaped button seat, one week each with string pattern and beaded pattern on the outside of the seat, and the main area is decorated with a chrysanthemum pattern with tangled branches, and the beaded pattern at the near edge is two weeks, and the plain edge is flat. In 1978, Changzhi Recycling Company was selected by the large warehouse (Figure 5, 2).
IV. Gold Generation Bronze Mirror
1 piece of Pisces mirror. Diameter 15.1, rim thickness 0.9 cm. Round button, the string pattern is divided into two areas inside and outside the mirror, the inner area shading is water ripple, a carp on each side of the button, swimming in the same direction, the scales of the double fish are clear, and the body is more fat; The outer area is narrow, decorated with cirrus patterns and a plain wide rim. In 1975, Jindongnan Agricultural Products Company was selected (Figure 5, 3).
Ichthyosaur change mirror 3 pieces. A peach-shaped piece with a handle, 19.5 cm long, 9.2 cm wide and 0.6 cm thick at the rim. The upper part of the mirror is decorated with Xiangyun Tuoyue, and the lower part is decorated with a dragon's head fish with wings outstretched, which is in the shape of spreading its wings in the waves, and the edge is narrow. In 1973, the southeastern Jin Dynasty was selected for foreign trade (Figure 5, 4). The other is 7.7 cm in diameter and 0.5 cm in width. Round, bridge-shaped button, with wavy patterns on the back of the mirror, and a winged beast with wings on each side of the button, it is in the shape of a wingspan in the waves, with a wide flat edge (Fig. 5, 5). The third piece has a diameter of 14.4 and a rim thickness of 0.6 cm. Round buttons, the back of the mirror is covered with wavy patterns, and the waves are decorated with wings of the dragon's head fish, and the plain wide edge (Fig. 5, 6). The above two pieces were selected by the Changzhi Recycling Company in 1980.
Character story mirror 3 pieces. One piece has a diameter of 16.2 and a rim thickness of 0.4 cm. Round button, the upper part of the button is decorated with folded branches of peony, the lower side of the peony frame, the two sides of the button are decorated with alpine cliffs, and a person in the lower left of the button sits cross-knee on the stone, making a look up at the distance, its lower part is decorated with water ripples, and the near edge is decorated with a string pattern, and the plain wide flat edge (Fig. 6, 1). The other piece has a rounded stalk, 14.5 cm long, 7.9 cm wide and 0.4 cm thick at the rim. The right side of the mirror is decorated with two bamboo plants, the branches and leaves extend along the edge of the mirror to the top, the upper part has xiangyun and flying crane, the lower part of a woman holds a fan, the fan handle points to the front of the child who wants to kneel, and a rabbit is decorated between the two, which seems to be the story of "Meng Mother's Godson". The mirror handle is decorated with plum and deer motifs (Fig. 6, 2). The third piece has a round belt handle, 19.4 cm long, 9.9 cm wide and 0.6 cm thick at the rim. Two people stand on the right side of the mirror back, one in front of them is widely dressed, his body is tall and seems to be the master, one person behind him is short, holding a treasure flag in his hand, and a flower tree behind the two people extends over the top; The upper part of the left side is decorated with red sun, crane, and auspicious clouds, and below it are ripples of water, a turtle stretches its neck and heads high in the waves as if listening to teachings, and the double-line interior at the near edge is tangled with branches. Mirror handle decorated with flowing clouds (Fig. 6, 3). The above three pieces were selected by Jindongnan Agricultural Products Company in 1975.
5 Ming Dynasty bronze mirror
3 pieces of character mirrors. One piece has a diameter of 11.8 and a rim thickness of 0.9 cm. Silver ingot button, on each side of the button there are two wide clothing belt figures, the upper part of the button is decorated with pavilions, flowing clouds, flying cranes, sunflower ornaments, the lower part is decorated with characters and auspicious clouds, rhino horns, silver ingots and other miscellaneous treasure patterns, narrow edges (Figure 6, 4). The other piece has a diameter of 11 and a rim thickness of 0.9 cm. Silver ingot button, on each side of the button two people as a dedication, the upper part is decorated with double cranes and pavilions, the lower part is an incense burner, vase flowers, in addition to the back of the mirror decorated with Fang Sheng, double money, rhino horn, mugwort and other miscellaneous treasures, narrow rim (Figure 6, 5). The third piece has a diameter of 9.3 and a rim thickness of 0.6 cm. Silver ingot button, one person on each side of the button holding a treasure plate, the upper part is decorated with a treasure flag streamer, the lower part is decorated with a bird, a sunflower, a lion rolling hydrangea ball, and the space on the back of the mirror is decorated with fang sheng, silver ingot, xiangyun and other miscellaneous treasures, and a narrow rim (Fig. 6, 6). The above three pieces were all selected by the southeastern foreign trade in 1975.
The 31 bronze mirrors introduced above are all representative works of various periods, providing valuable physical materials for the study of folklore, economy and metallurgical history in various periods.