Chapter 1
Pursue the truth and join the party with honor
1. Funiu Mountain came to the Communist Party
Xu Tianmin
Beijing Xishan Unknown Soldier Square, picture from the Internet
My hometown, in Lushi County, in the Funiu Mountains in the southwest of Henan Province, is the Kunshan Mountain of the Yaoshan Mountains to the north of the county seat and bears ears mountains of the Funiu Mountains to the south of the county seat. Only the county seat, surrounded by mountains, on both sides of the Luo River, forms a small plain like a basin.
The mountainous area of Lushi County is about hundreds of miles around, but you can see thousands of mountains and thousands of mountains, rushing to the face, layers of mountains, rolling hills, bluestone loess, interlaced in between. A Luoshui that originated in the Shangluo Mountains in southern Shaanxi and flows through the mountains from west to east is the proposition of Cao Zijian's "LuoshenFu", which is known as "Cai Chu Badou". Everywhere in the mountains you can hear the babbling of water, the scenery of the mountains, the color of the mountains, the reflection of each other, full of poetry, once the flash floods erupt, the torrents rush and roar, engulfing the crops on both sides of the strait, it is another scenery.
There are always mountains and waters, mountains and rivers, and general plain scenery, which are absolutely different, and it has unique scenery and interests in mountainous areas.
Lushi County is bordered to the west by Shaanxi and to the south by Northwest Hubei, and is often referred to as The Border of Yu'e or the Border of Hubei and Shaanxi.
The county boundary area is sometimes large and small, or combined or divided, and in terms of geographical location, it is the border of the three provinces of Eyu and Shaanxi, the three provinces of Jiming, with complex terrain and inconvenient transportation, and during the period of Kuomintang rule, it belonged to the area beyond the reach of the whip. Relatively speaking, it is also an area where the Kuomintang's control is relatively weak.
In March 1917, I was born in the mountains southeast of Lushi County, 50 miles from the county seat of Dashihe Village, to a poor peasant's home. When I was five years old, my father died, my brother, who was two years older than me, died tragically under the torment of poverty and illness, my sister was three years old, my brother was only one and a half years old, orphans and widows were helpless, hungry and cold, and their lives were in a desperate situation. At this critical juncture of life and death, he was saved by his uncle to survive. Although he was also destitute, he had labor to sell, and he finally got a little grain to save the four of us from starvation. Life thereafter depended on her mother's ten fingers. For my future life, my mother also gritted her teeth and sent me to a private school, but there is still no way to survive, where is the strength to pay for school? After two years of hard work, I still had to drop out of school. From the age of thirteen, I took up the burden of life for a family of four, and began to pick and sell in the mountain village, street stalls, earned a star and a half, barely made a living, and lived a very difficult life.
In Dashihe Village, there are a total of 60 or 70 households, of which 5 or 6 are large landowners. They were the land owners of the whole region, and the rest were long-term workers, short-term workers, carpenters, clay workers, and coolies who worked for the landlords, and so on.
This mountain village, with a radius of about fifty miles, of which large and small mountain forests, cultivated land, pastoral gardens, and huts belong to the landlord. Those few rich men, by collecting rent from the sharecroppers in the mountains, were brutally exploited, so that they enjoyed a life of peace and honor in the high-gate households, without diligence or grain.
There is a clear stream that the locals can't name, along the bears ears mountain about 25 miles long ravine, from east to west, thousands of times to run down.
The creek flows through the middle of the village of Dashihe, and the farmers of the village take water from this stream to drink, wash and irrigate small pieces of land, etc. This is an "inexhaustible, inexhaustible" natural "water pipe" in the mountainous area, which brings the convenience of taking water nearby and at any time to the farmers in the mountainous area, and also provides the "water polishing" used by local farmers for thousands of years to provide the water source power day and night; However, in the summer, the flash floods and waterfalls, the river overflows, the embankment destroys the fields, the grass does not exist, and the large and small stones that roll down from the mountain by the torrent are like "mudslides", rushing in, crisscrossing and piling up in the river, becoming one disaster after another for the masses in the mountainous areas, which may be the origin of the local people's generations of calling it "Dashihe Village".
This mountain village, bordered by Luanchuan County in the east, Luonan County in southern Shaanxi in the west, and Neixiang Xixia and Junxian County in Hubei in the south, is the main road that must be passed through in the Yu'e-Shaanxi Border Region. There is only a narrow street in the village, no more than 50 meters long and no more than 3 meters wide, but because the surrounding villages and towns are too far apart, a market is naturally formed here. There are grocery stores, tea stalls, small hotels, small restaurants, etc. on the street to provide people with the necessities of daily life. Here for three days, the market is very crowded, trading, bustling, but also quite lively.
Dashihe Village, as early as the years of the civil war, came to the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. After the "9.18" incident in 1931, the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army came here twice. The first was in early November 1931, when General He Long led the Red Third Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army on a northern expedition; the second was in early December 1934, when Generals Cheng Zihua and Xu Haidong led the Red Twenty-fifth Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army to the north to resist japan. The workers' and peasants' Red Army on both occasions first came to Dashihe Village as soon as they entered Lushi County, camped in the open air in the village at night, set off the next morning, and then passed through Moshang, Wenyu, Hengjian, Guanpo, Lancao, and other places into southern Shaanxi. They either entered the Shangluo region in the southwest and opened up new revolutionary base areas in southern Shaanxi, or marched west from southern Shaanxi and reached northern Shaanxi through Tianshui, Tianliang, and other places in Gansu, and successfully realized the division of the Red Fifteenth Army, the main force of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army in the revolutionary base area of northern Shaanxi.
The Red Army of workers and peasants crossed the border twice, never disturbed the people, ate the rice and grain of the masses and burned the firewood and grain of the masses, and paid in the same amount according to the market price. At that time, the masses were deceived by the reactionary propaganda of the landlords and gentry and were coerced into going up the mountain to escape, and there was no one in the family to collect money, so the Red Army put the banknotes they should pay on the stove or in the rice noodle cabinet, and wrote a message explaining how much firewood and grain were used, how much price should be paid, and finally expressed sincere thanks. However, the situation of landlords and local tycoons is different, not only do they not pay for the food they use, but they move food and everything to public places for people to use. When the broad masses of the people came back and saw this scene, they were all amazed and amazed, and they all said: "I did not know that there was such a good army in the world that did not violate discipline in autumn," which left an extremely deep and unforgettable impression on the masses of the people in the area around Dashihe Village. In particular, the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, which passed by for the second time, I still vividly remember it to this day. Although the red army's clothing was not very neat, it never entered the homes of the poor, and as soon as it entered the mountain villages and stopped, it propagated to the masses the anti-Japanese struggle to save the country, that the Red Army was a contingent of the poor, and that the landlords and gentry had exploited the poor and political oppression. Encourage the masses to rise up and make a revolution, distribute the land occupied by the landlords to the poor, and in the name of "Red Political Propaganda" (that is, the abbreviation of the "Propaganda Brigade of the Political Department of the Red Army"), write many white, eye-catching slogans in large characters on the frontage walls and important intersections, such as:
"The Red Army is a poor man's army!"
"Down with the bully landlords, local tycoons and inferior gentry!"
"Give the landlord's land to the poor!"
"The Red Army does not pull, does not raise, does not take the things of the workers and peasants!"
"To concentrate our forces to resist Japan, we must overthrow the Kuomintang government that has brought calamity to the country and the people!"
The signature of these slogans is always "The Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army March north to resist Japan". The Red Army also distributed many leaflets and posted some notices. The notice was signed: "Cheng Zihua, commander of the Twenty-fifth Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and Xu Haidong, political commissar." The names Cheng Zihua and Xu Haidong are equal.
Under the influence of the propaganda of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army in transit, young people in the mountainous areas asked to join the Ranks of the Red Army. The Red Army crossed the village of Dashihe twice, staying for a short time, but it is important to leave the seeds of revolution in my mountainous areas. From the class oppression they felt in those years and the bitter and bitter life of being dark and lawless for generations, the poor masses began to understand a little revolutionary truth, understood their own yesterday and tomorrow, and flashed a path that should be taken, thus generating hope and confidence, and gaining encouragement and strength.
The Red 223rd Regiment, the Red 224th Regiment, the Red 225th Regiment and a Red Pistol Regiment led by the 25th Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, which went north to resist the Japanese, all had a strength of about 3,000 people. The Kuomintang army that followed our army, the anti-communist army headquarters headed by Guan Yunxiang and its command, the 47th Division with Pei Changhui as the division commander, the 54th Division with Hao Mengling as the division commander, and other units, with no less than 30,000 troops. In addition, there were Also Cai Tingkai's Sixtieth and Sixty-first Divisions, which were strictly reproached by Chiang Kai-shek and limited in time, and were forced to come from all directions to pursue and intercept Cai Tingkai, as well as some local armed forces that had not yet been counted, and the number was about ten times that of the Red Army, but their performance on the battlefield was a mud-footed giant. These generals of the Kuomintang, they have fought many battles with the Red Army, and they know very well that the main force of our Red Army is a brave and good war, invincible army. They did not dare to rush to fight it. Therefore, Shangguan Yunxiang tried his best to avoid contact with the Red Army in terms of combat methods. Their pursuing army always maintained a "distance" of about twenty or thirty miles from the Red Army. This was the "security line" that the Kuomintang generals believed in. In this way, they not only make the appearance of not giving up, but in fact they can avoid being annihilated. Chiang Kai-shek never imagined that he would not hesitate to mobilize such a huge number of troops to resist the Japanese in the north of the Twenty-fifth Army of our Red Army, and only played the role of "armed escort."
As Chiang Kai-shek passed by, he also wrote many slogans and slogans, mostly including "Eradicating the Communist Party," "Suppressing the Red Bandits," and "Killing The Red Bandits." These slanderous and murderous words make people tired of reading, but they can give people a kind of reflection that is deafening and deaf. They also went to great lengths to alter the slogans left by the Red Army, such as altering the word "poor" to the word "kill" with the word "kill," changing the first "red" word that reads "the Red Army does not raise money and does not take the things of the workers and peasants" to the word "national"; and scribbling the word "national" that reads," "To concentrate forces to resist Japan, it is necessary to overthrow the Kuomintang government that has brought calamity to the country and the people" and replace it with the word "communism." Another example is the phrase "kill and go forward" written by the Red Army, because the slogan written by the Red Army reads "The Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army Marching North to Resist Japan Advance Team", their "killing forward" has become a blatant army that wants to kill the anti-Japanese army. These clumsy propaganda techniques and tactics can only be self-destructive.
The Red Army's call to fight against local tycoons and divide up the land, as well as the actions of resisting Japan and saving the country, are very clearly contrary to the various manifestations of Chiang Kai-shek's perverse actions and misfortunes against the country and the people. Inspired by truth and justice, my thinking was greatly impacted. I began to dimly realize that there is a class in society that is oppressive and exploited and oppressed and exploited, two opposing life and death. This is exactly what Chairman Mao said - down with imperialism! Down with the warlords! Bring down corrupt officials! Down with the local gentry! These political slogans are really well-known, and men, women, old and young all understand this truth.
(To be continued)
There are great brave people in the world, whose wisdom cannot be predicted, who cannot be controlled, who come suddenly without being alarmed, who are not angry without being angry, who have far-reaching ambitions and great ambitions. Who is it? There are hungry people in the world, as they are hungry; There are drowning people in the world, such as their own drowning ears. The nation is in danger, do not go to the water and fire with your relatives, and it is easy to face the enemy and seek common ground. The wind and water are cold, the frost is bloody, or it is successful or defeated, or imprisoned or killed, people do not know it, and even after the fall, there is no name.
Ming Yue: Woohoo! Loud sounds, elephants invisible. Come to be spirited, and be peaceful and heroic. The long river is the pharynx, and the green mountains are the evidence; Isn't it silent? Rivers and mountains are the name!
People have forgotten something, and history has been light. Reunification can be expected, and the nation will flourish. Su Zhi Jia Shi, Mu Hand Le Ming. Oh my children and grandchildren, generations of eternal peace. ——The main inscription of the Monument to the Unknown Heroes in Xishan, Beijing