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Cloud Computing Essay
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May 28, 2021
Research on the current situation and trend of cloud computing development
Abstract: Cloud computing has been widely used in more and more occasions in recent years, and has gradually moved towards deep integration with various industries, which not only facilitates people's work and life, but also arouses people's high attention and heated discussion on cloud computing, and the opportunities and challenges brought to us are also comprehensive. By expounding the basic concepts of cloud computing, this paper analyzes the characteristics of cloud computing, the development status of cloud computing at home and abroad, and the problems existing in cloud computing, and looks forward to the development trend of cloud computing in the future
Keywords: cloud computing; trends; current state
directory
introduction
1. Overview of cloud computing
1.1 Definition of Cloud Computing
1.2 Features of Cloud Computing
2. The pattern and development of cloud computing
2.1 The development status of cloud computing
2.2 The development status of cloud computing abroad
2.3 The development status of cloud computing in China
2.4 Industry Status
2.5 Market capacity
2.6 Market Pattern
2.7 Facing problems
3. Development trend of cloud computing
Conclusion
Thanks
Resources
In the early 21st century, the rise of Web 2.0 ushered in a new peak of development for the web. The amount of business that websites or business systems need to handle is growing rapidly, such as video online or photo-sharing websites that need to store and process large amounts of data for users. The important problem facing such systems is how to quickly expand the original system in the case of rapid growth in the number of users, with the intelligence of mobile terminals, the popularity of mobile broadband networks, there will be more and more mobile devices into the Internet, which means that the IT system related to mobile terminals will bear more load, and for enterprises that provide data services, IT systems need to deal with more business volume.
Due to the limited nature of resources, its power costs, space costs, and maintenance costs of various facilities rise rapidly, directly leading to the cost of data centers, which is faced with how to effectively and less use resources to solve more problems. At the same time, with the derivation of high-speed network connectivity, chip and disk drive products have become more affordable while their capabilities have become cheaper in data centers with a large number of computers, and they have the ability to quickly handle complex problems for a large number of users. Technically, the increasing maturity and application of distributed computing, especially the development of grid computing, through the Internet to connect the scattered hardware, software, and information resources into a huge whole, enabling people to use geographically dispersed resources to complete large-scale and complex computing and data processing tasks.
The rapid growth of data storage has produced high-performance storage technologies represented by GFS (Google File System) and SAN (Storage AreaNemork). The rising demand for server consolidation has driven the advancement of virtualization technologies such as xen, as well as the implementation of Web 2.0, the rapid adoption of the concept of Saas (Sofhare as a Senrice), and the widespread adoption of multi-core technologies, all of which offer the possibility of generating more powerful computing power and services. With the urgent need for computing power, resource utilization efficiency, and resource centralization, cloud computing came into being.
The understanding of cloud computing is still changing, and from different perspectives, the understanding of cloud computing will be slightly biased. But the most basic concept of cloud computing is common, and for ease of understanding, we can split it into 3 steps: (1) Automatically split a large number of programs that need to be processed into countless smaller subroutines through the network. (2) Submit to the huge system of multiple servers for search and analysis. (3) The results of the analysis are passed back to the user. This processing enables users to obtain computing power, storage space, information services, etc. according to their needs, and can improve the utilization of resources.
Judging from the current research status, cloud computing systems have the following external characteristics. (1) Superscale. The cloud has a considerable scale, large Internet companies can have hundreds of thousands of servers, the world's largest search engine Google even has more than a million servers, the cloud allows customers to have unprecedented computing power. (2) Virtualization. Cloud virtualization means that the application runs somewhere in the cloud, but the user does not need to understand, only one terminal is needed to achieve everything they need through network services. (3) On-demand services. The cloud is a huge pool of resources, users can buy on demand, the cloud can be billed on demand like daily necessities such as alkali, electricity, and gas. (4) Scalability. The scale of the cloud can be dynamically scaled and changed within a certain limit to adapt to changes in application and user scale growth. (5) The service is measurable. The ability to optimize and control cloud computing resources has measurable characteristics.
The pattern and development of cloud computing
With the development of cloud computing, the functions of the Internet have become more and more powerful, and users can process huge amounts of data and obtain the required information on the Internet through cloud computing. Judging from the current development status of cloud computing, the future development of cloud computing will develop in the direction of building a large-scale underlying infrastructure that can be closely integrated with applications. In addition, constantly creating new cloud computing applications and providing users with more and more complete Internet services can also be used as a development direction of cloud computing.
At present, although the world's cloud computing is booming, key technologies such as security issues are still being improved, and products and services are still innovating. However, the global cloud computing market is constantly expanding, with the global cloud service market size of $209.48 billion in 2016 and the global cloud service market size of $244.16 billion in 2017, an increase of 16.6% over the same period last year. Relevant experts estimate that in the next few years, the global cloud computing service market will continue to grow steadily at a growth rate of about 15%.
In the world's cloud computing regional distribution, the United States and European developed countries account for 2/3 of the global cloud service market share. Among them, the Internet industry is more developed in the United States is the origin of the cloud service market, accounting for half of the global cloud service market, the share of up to 50%; then Western Europe, in line with the advantages of the European Community accounted for 1/4 of the global cloud service market, the specific share of 23.5%; and Japan itself network infrastructure environment has a great advantage, the market share accounted for 4.5%; China's population base is relatively large, the Internet growth rate is significant, accounting for 4% of the global cloud service market, but in recent years have been in an upward trend, There is still a lot of room for development.
The United States is the birthplace of the concept of cloud computing, as early as 2003, the United States has begun to carry out research and development of cloud computing technology. The United States has the world's leading Internet companies, such as Microsoft, IBM, Google, Amazon, Oracle, etc., the number of cloud service enterprise users has reached 100,000 levels, occupying most of the global cloud service market. Cloud services can not only reduce the cost of the Internet startup period, but also help these start-ups form sustainable and innovative business models, and to a large extent, it is also conducive to controlling operational risks.
In recent years, knowing that cloud computing will bring great development opportunities to enterprises, providing users with more convenient services, and seeing the potential for great economic and social benefits, countries attach great importance to promoting the development of cloud computing, and have introduced relevant policies to encourage and regulate the development of cloud computing, and even the government takes the lead in applying cloud services. As the second largest cloud service market in the world, the European Union, when promoting the development of cloud computing, is first committed to building standardized cloud computing standards, removing policy obstacles between EU member states in data protection and information security, and creating a true community to drive the innovation and growth of cloud computing.
Japan also attaches great importance to the development of information technology, and has successively drawn up a number of information development strategies to promote the application and popularization of information technology. Japan's own Internet industry has always been at the forefront of the world, the degree of IT development is second only to the United States, and the national economy is highly dependent on the Internet industry, so Japan mainly adopts policy guidance, government investment and personal capital to promote the development of cloud computing. At present, traditional industries such as central government agencies and medical care and education in Japan are applying cloud computing. Unfortunately, however, There is no leading cloud computing service company in Japan at present.
In recent years, the Chinese government attaches great importance to the development and application of the cloud computing industry, and has issued a series of policies to encourage the development of cloud computing. In September 2012, the Ministry of Science and Technology issued the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan for the Development of China's Cloud Technology", which is of great significance to the development of cloud computing in China, and greatly promotes the recognition of cloud computing by users and enterprises. In 2016, the scale of China's cloud service market continued to grow, exceeding 50 billion yuan, reaching 51.66 billion yuan. Compared with last year, the scale of the industry increased by 31.9% year-on-year, continuing to maintain a high-speed growth level, and China's cloud computing has entered a new stage of substantive development from the initial stage. Although China's government departments focus on creating a good policy environment for the development of cloud computing, and have issued a series of policy documents such as the action plan for promoting the development of cloud computing entrepreneurship and the development of big data, China's information security laws and regulations are not perfect, data protection laws are missing, and the network speed is slow and IP addresses are scarce. The development environment of cloud computing is relatively backward, which restricts the development speed of the entire cloud computing technology.
China's cloud computing more representative enterprises and projects are Alibaba's Alibaba Cloud, Baidu's cloud OS, Inspur's Yunhai OSV3.0, China Telecom's Tianyi Cloud and Huawei's FusionCloud cloud strategy, etc. These enterprises vigorously carry out research and development of cloud computing-related projects, providing a very strong support for the further development of cloud computing in China. At present, china's government, transportation, telecommunications, education and other fields have kept up with the footsteps of the world, practiced cloud computing in the process of information construction, and promoted the development of China's cloud computing industry through cloud service pilot demonstrations.
China's cloud computing industry is about to usher in golden development opportunities. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology launched the "13th Five-Year Plan" for cloud computing, which will focus on cultivating leading enterprises, giving play to their radiation role in industrial development, and creating a cloud computing industry chain. In the context of government agencies vigorously leading the localization of information, the realization of localization equipment import substitution has become the only way to ensure information security, especially after the frequent occurrence of information security incidents such as "prism gate" and "hacker attack", the manageable and controllable domestic equipment and the practical demand for information security have been repeatedly improved, and the process of import substitution of localization equipment has also been greatly accelerated. It is believed that with the further implementation of the "13th Five-Year Plan" of cloud computing, the pace of localization of information equipment is expected to further accelerate in the future, and the cloud computing industry is expected to usher in explosive growth.
The global public cloud market was $72 billion in 2014 and is expected to reach $191 billion by 2020, with a compound annual growth rate of 18%, which is 4 to 5 times that of the general technology market. According to the "2014 Cloud Computing White Paper" of the Telecommunications Research Institute of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China's public cloud service market is still in the early stage of low total and high growth industry development. In 2013, the scale of China's public cloud service market was about 4.76 billion yuan, far higher than the global average. Today, in the global cloud computing market, the United States has the largest share, accounting for 60%, Europe is second, accounting for 25%, and the Chinese market accounts for less than 3%, but the development speed is amazing, and the annual market growth is close to 40%. The "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" outline launched by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology lists cloud computing as a strategic industry for key development, and the plan points out: In 2014, the development ideas and work priorities of China's cloud computing industry are: cultivating leading enterprises and creating a complete industrial chain; encouraging the merger and reorganization of large enterprises with strength and concentrating resources; giving play to the leading role of leading enterprises in industrial development and creating a cloud computing industry chain.
In 2014, the scale of China's cloud computing market reached 110 billion yuan, which has become a 100-billion-level market. China's cloud computing will end the development and cultivation period, enter a new stage of rapid growth, the pace of technological innovation continues to accelerate, the industrial structure continues to optimize, the market demand space continues to expand, the industrial scale grows rapidly, and a new industrial pattern is taking shape. At the same time, some new phenomena are attracting people's attention, including the change of industrial pattern brought about by domestic market competition, open source technology has been widely concerned by enterprises, and the trend of deep integration of new formats such as mobile Internet and cloud computing is more obvious, and urban cloud construction will develop rapidly. It is precisely because of cloud computing that It is more likely that It companies in China will "overtake in curves". On the one hand, the global giants in cloud computing, there is not much technology ahead of local enterprises, or, compared with the traditional architecture under the insurmountable technology gap, under the cloud computing architecture, the technology gap has been greatly reduced, such as Alibaba Cloud, Unigroup cloud machine, Tiancheng cloud machine, etc., its key performance indicators have basically approached the international top level, and even some indicators are ahead of the international level. On the other hand, cloud technology has brought about changes in business models, from overseas points of view, Amazon, Salesforce, Google and other emerging giants have used cloud technology to surpass IBM, SAP, Microsoft traditional software giants, which brings great enlightenment to domestic manufacturers.
According to the 2015-2020 China Cloud Computing Industry Development Status Survey and Development Trend Analysis Report released by China Industry Research Network, while the industrial scale is growing rapidly, the structure of China's cloud computing industry is also being continuously optimized, and the industrial chain will show a softening trend. In 2013, The number of enterprises entering the field of public cloud services in China further increased. After Alibaba and Baidu, Tencent officially entered the developer cloud market; Huawei's cloud service business was officially commercialized; China Telecom and China Unicom officially launched cloud computing brands named "Tianyi Cloud" and "Woyun" to launch a full range of user-oriented products such as cloud storage; Suning Electric intends to change the company name to "Suning Cloud Merchant Group Co., Ltd." in order to better transform into a cloud service model. In 2014, the number of cloud computing enterprises entering the field of public cloud services will further increase, the types of services will be further enriched, and the IaaS services and SaaS services for small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as personal applications in geography, transportation, finance and other fields, will develop rapidly, making the proportion of service links in the cloud computing industry chain continue to increase. Overall, in 2014, China's cloud computing will enter a rapid growth period from the development and cultivation period, the construction of local government cloud computing has entered the stage of tackling tough problems, the industrial scale has continued to grow, the industrial structure has shown a softening trend, and a new industrial pattern is taking shape. At the same time, Chinese enterprises should be prepared for fierce competition in the market, actively innovate business models and key technologies, and cope with the competition of foreign giants to accelerate their entry into the domestic market.
Although cloud computing is in the process of rapid development, from the start, research and development, application, promotion and other aspects, the development time in China is relatively late, so it also faces the following four major problems: First, the cloud data center deployment structure is not reasonable enough, and the resource utilization rate is low. In terms of scale structure, the proportion of large-scale data centers in China is low, and the development scale of large data centers is even less than the total number of foreign Internet companies, and the intensive and large-scale construction has not yet been realized. Second, cloud service capabilities need to be improved urgently, and supporting resources are scarce. Compared with the United States and other developed countries, there is still a big gap, the scale of public cloud computing service industry is relatively small, the business is relatively single, and the supporting environment construction is backward. Third, information security laws and regulations and regulatory systems are not sound enough. In terms of data, privacy protection and security management related to cloud computing security, There is a big lack of China's cloud computing industry ecology. Fourth, the cloud talent gap, lack of mature business model
In terms of the development trend of cloud computing technology, Google believes that the application of cloud computing means that the future is that data follows users. If a user buys a new computer, they don't have to worry about copying data or installing new application software, they only need to have a browser to have all the environment, content and information they need. This is not only on computers, but also in the future, mobile phones, televisions, videophones and other devices can also access such information. In the future, all application software will be ported to the cloud, and all online content can be obtained through the browser, and it can also do the content that needs to be done by application software today. Today, some of the software googles don't have to worry about missing storage because they are stored in cloud servers.
3.1 Status quo of cloud terminals
Microsoft believes that the next step in cloud computing is to connect these users more closely through the Internet and provide them with cloud computing services. Microsoft is creating a user experience that moves from general device storage to a model that can be stored at any time. Microsoft strategically defined its future cloud computing development direction as three routes: completing the transformation of the enterprise software portfolio to network services, releasing a network version of PC software, and continuing to build a data center network.
According to Sun's "black box" plan based on cloud computing theory launched in 2006, the planned future data center will not be limited to crowded and stuffy computer rooms, but can be moved data centers. It can serve both large companies with tens of thousands of employees and small and medium-sized enterprises. As for the best location for such a data center, it can technically be a field in the suburbs, but it is best to be near the power station, which can minimize the cost.
As mentioned above, the cloud computing advocated by Microsoft is cloud + end computing, and the terminal is a way of adding desktop software by the operating system.
The software's computations still depend on the processing power of the terminal. And other cloud computing technology, running, computing, storage are in the cloud, make full use of server resources, for terminal performance requirements are very low, can be said to be "ultra-thin" terminal, only need a device that can access the Internet, users can process documents through the Internet, store data, so here we will be able to use cloud applications of the equipment are called cloud terminals, not limited to only the terminals that can run cloud applications.
For the future of cloud computing technology, the researchers believe that it is likely to completely change the habits of users using computers, moving from desktop-centric applications to Web-centric activities. It is also possible for a computer to degenerate into a simple terminal, no longer having to install various software as it does now, and no longer having to worry about the configuration and upgrade of this software. Moreover, web data integration, personal data space management, data outsourcing services, mobile and online research, and privacy issues will become an important part of future cloud computing research. Cloud computing is a higher level of technology than grid computing, and its industrialization will bring about the adjustment of related products and software development methods and concepts. First of all, "cloud computing" technology needs to establish a "cloud" that can provide rich application services, rich information resources, user information privacy and security guarantees; secondly, "cloud computing" technology also requires "thin" user-side devices that can ensure efficiency, security and simple use; third, "cloud computing" technology is built on the basis of high-speed, stable, low-cost, application-based networks, requiring network product manufacturers to be able to provide application-based service guarantees, application-based selection of transmission paths, high-speed, and stable related products. Microsoft and other manufacturers proposed cloud "end" computing (type 1), there are computing power requirements for the terminal, the application software runs on the terminal, the higher the computing resources required by the software, the higher the requirements for the terminal. The storage aspect can either be stored locally and then synchronized to the network. Therefore, the development of this type of terminal should move towards the current direction of PC development, still processing power, storage capacity, 3D display capabilities and other aspects will continue to develop, and with the upgrading of operating systems and software continues to improve. Of course, due to the existence of the cloud platform, the software can also be installed without installation, in this case, this type of cloud terminal can also develop towards portability, similar to notebooks. The customer base will be more individual customers and enterprise customers who need a lot of graphics processing and occupy large computing resources. You can use this terminal to watch movies, play games, and work. For the terminal of the second type of cloud computing, its basic requirements are stable network connection and basic computing power, which must adapt to the requirements of different user groups and the development of cloud computing, and the following is analyzed according to the development trend of the corresponding cloud terminals according to different customer groups.
Cloud computing is the future trend, and the final cloud computing to the user or through the terminal, so the cloud terminal must also be able to adapt to and meet the requirements of cloud computing and the different application scenarios of users. Cloud computing has brought about the convergence of 4Cs, that is, the integration between computing (computer), communication, consumer electronics (consumereletronics), and content; the integration of 4Cs has also led to the integration of terminals, which also means that the boundaries between various portable network devices, PCs, mobile phones, and home appliances are becoming more and more blurred. It is conceivable that mobile phones have developed to a certain extent, which can be portable, call, Internet access, control home appliances, when the external screen and input device, the user can have a high-definition playback device, office computer, and the content can be shared with all terminals. Cloud terminal products with strong portability, mobility and entertainment and the ability to use cloud computing for office will become the mainstream of the market.
During my university years, I benefited a lot from the organizational behavior taught by Mr. XX, and it was a great honor to have the guidance of MR. XX for this paper. From the selection of the topic to the completion of this paper, each step was completed under the careful guidance of the tutor, and a lot of painstaking efforts were poured into the tutor, hereby, I would like to express my high respect and heartfelt thanks to the tutor. I also thank the teachers of XXXX College for their careful teaching and strict requirements for me, so that I have learned a wealth of theoretical knowledge, and I have accumulated a lot of practical experience, so that I can face many challenges in the future more courageously. I would also like to thank my classmates in the university who cared about and helped me, especially my roommates, for making my college time beautiful.
What is cloud computing
Cloud computing and its terminals