In the early 1990s, the United States, Europe and other economically developed countries have successively proposed the concept of "Smart Home". Its basic idea is: "To connect various information-related communication devices, household appliances and home security devices in the home to a home intelligent system through home bus technology (HBS) for centralized or off-site monitoring, control and home transactional management, and to maintain the harmony and coordination of these home facilities and the residential environment." In 1988, the first electrical design standard for family homes was developed, the Home Automation Systems and Communication Standards, also known as the Home Bus System Standard (HBS). The standard requires that the electrical design of smart homes must meet the following three conditions:
1) Have a home bus system;
2) Provide various service functions through the home bus system;
3) It can be connected to the outside of the house.
The intelligent community is a general term for the residential community with a certain degree of intelligence, providing the residents of the park with a "safe living environment, warm community services, and convenient information contact".
With the passage of time, due to the urgency and high-level requirements of the country's development of well-off residential construction, smart communities have more and more extensive demand base, especially for real estate developers to form a stronger stimulus.
In 1994, the mainland officially proposed the standard of the well-off home, which for the first time raised the safety of the home to an important position. At the beginning of 1997, the "Guidelines for the Design (Standard) of Well-off Residential Gas" began to formulate the following requirements for the electrical design of well-off residential communities in general:
□ a high degree of security
□ comfortable living environment
□ convenient means of communication
□ comprehensive information services
□ intelligent management of the family
At the same time, the construction of residential quarters puts forward three-level design standards for security precautions, home equipment automation, communication and network configuration, specifically:
1) Level 1: "Ideal Goal"
2) Level 2: "Popularization Goals"
3) Level 3: "Minimum Target"
It can be said that this has opened the prelude to the "intelligentization of residential communities" in Chinese cities, and Jiangsu, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Beijing and other provinces and cities have successively built their own demonstration communities.
The first residential community in China to be built by computer style coverage is Lihu Taide New Town in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, and the first intelligent community in Shenzhen is the Central Garden and Meilin Village.
In January 1999, the Housing Industrialization Office of the Ministry of Construction held a meeting on the intelligence of the community, and the relevant officials put forward five performance indicators for the intelligent system of the community, namely safety, durability, practicality, economy and environment. The star standard of the intelligent system of the residential community is proposed, and the residential community is divided into one-star, two-star and three-star. Specific manifestations are:
One-star should meet the following functions:
1) Security prevention subsystem
□ entrance and exit management and perimeter prevention alarm
□ CCTV surveillance
£Intercom with TV surveillance
□ residents call the police
£Patrol Management
2) Information management subsystem
□ implement management of the security system
£Remote Meter Reading & Management IC Card
£Vehicle access with car park management
£Power supply equipment, public lighting, elevators, water supply and other major equipment monitoring and management
£Emergency Broadcast with Background Music System
£Property Management Computer System
3) Information network subsystem
□in the realization of 1) and 2) functions, comprehensive wiring is carried out
R Not less than two pairs of telephone lines and two cable TV outlets per household
□ the establishment of a two-star cable TV network, in addition to having all the functions of a one-star, it should also meet the following requirements:
□ greatly improve its functions and technical level in the security subsystem
□ expand the scope of functions and management in the information management subsystem
□ information transmission channel should adopt high-speed broadband network access technology
□ the construction of computer networks, information community sharing and connection to the Internet Three-star in addition to having the functions of two-star, should also meet:
□ fiber to the building
□ family to achieve full intelligent management
Achieve intelligent management □ the community
Although the concept of intelligent community has been in China for many years, but the definition of intelligent community is not yet unified, "smart community" provides commercialized residential products, it has 4C (computer, communication and network, automatic control, IC card) function, through the effective transmission network, the multi-information service and management, property management and security, residential intelligent system integration, for the residential community service and management to provide high-tech intelligent means, in order to achieve fast and efficient value-added services and management, Provide a safe and comfortable home environment.
Residential communities should have their own characteristics, according to the specific conditions of the mainland, it is mainly large in scale, large in population, relatively independent, and its internal comprehensive functions are relatively complete. The construction of intelligent communities requires the application of emerging information technologies such as computer networks, digital control, and information interaction management, and the integration of these technologies according to different actual conditions and different actual needs. The development of information technology is changing with each passing day, and the way and scale of integration are constantly upgraded, so the "intelligent community" epitomizes the comprehensive technical strength of system integrators.
According to the degree of intelligence of the residential community, the wiring system and network structure vary accordingly.
(1) Wiring system
Primary community: the degree of intelligence is not high, the network system requirements are low, can make full use of the existing wiring system, such as: the use of telephone for simple three-table remote transmission, alarm and control; the use of Modem dialing on the Internet; Use video cables for functions such as video-on-demand (VOD). The feature of this scheme is that the investment is small, no need to rewire, but the system functions are not easy to expand, can not meet the user's growing functional needs suitable for the completed project intelligence.
Medium and high-level residential areas: The wiring system of the community should be planned as a whole, the network resources near the community should be fully utilized, and the wiring structure of the community should be outlined by using HFC (optical fiber coaxial hybrid network) or PDS (intelligent community integrated wiring system). The scheme has a high one-time investment, but it protects the owner's investment very well, the system is developable, and it meets the potential needs of users very well, with a high performance-price ratio.
(2) Network structure
Primary cell: Do not re-plan the data network, make full use of existing networks (such as telephone networks, cable TV networks, etc.), and carry out simple, low-speed data exchange with the WAN.
Intermediate cell: Construct a data network using structured wiring unshielded UTP, and form a network platform within the cell to provide community information services and provide high-speed Internet and VOD services.
Advanced community: the establishment of a Gigabit Ethernet or ATM high-speed data network inside the cell, the performance of the network is the best, can well protect the user's investment, can open a variety of information value-added services, of course, the investment is also the largest, but the system can be gradually opened with the gradual growth of user demand, in order to diversify the owner's investment.
Intelligent cell wiring will become a new hot spot in the wiring system in the future. There are two reasons for this: one is that the standard has matured; the other is the market, that is, there are more and more home offices or home Internet access.
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