The "Fu" culture is not only a popular culture that has been widely recognized and felt and is easy to follow, but also has a long historical development process and profound and refined ideological connotations. The in-depth discussion of the "Fu" culture from the multi-level aspects of humanistic scholarship, ideological effectiveness and social development is an important topic for promoting Chinese culture and enhancing the spiritual cultivation of the people.
One
The origin of the Chinese character "Fu" can be traced back to the Yin Shang period 3500 years ago, and the oracle bone presents the earliest form of Chinese civilization. The book "Yin Xu Oracle Osteology" lists different styles of "Fu" characters.
In addition, reference books such as "Oracle Bone Script Interpretation Forest" also compile many styles of "Fu" characters. It is said that there are more than 200 "Fu" characters in the oracle bone. Although the styles are different, the composition is basically the appearance of holding a wine jar in both hands and holding it up for worship.
The hieroglyphs of "Fu" have two meanings from the beginning: the vessel symbol indicates the possession of living materials, and the symbol of the two hands is to present the behavior and psychology of cherishing and respecting - the most basic meaning of Chinese "Fu" culture has been initially constituted.
Chinese culture is broad and profound, and the word "Fu" more than 3,000 years ago is a clear proof. In addition to combining the material elements of daily life and the conceptual consciousness of the spiritual level, it is also very rare to show the vastness and abundance of the Chinese family through a variety of fonts, showing the infinite diversity of forms; it also contains tacit understanding, integration and convergence in diversity.
During the Shang Zhou and Warring States periods, Jin Wen and Zhong Ding wen continued the performance form of the oracle bone. The characteristics of the bronze metal medium make the font more delicate and more patterned beauty. The huge JinWen Da Zidian (edited by Dai Jiaxiang) and the Jingbian Jinwen Da Zidian (zhongzhou editor) both have a large number of "Fu" characters, including some fully patterned and artistic "Fu" characters.
The forms of Chinese characters are rich and diverse due to different recording media, and there are some lesser known forms of writing in the early days - Chinese characters engraved on stone, called Shigu Wen; Chinese characters engraved on pottery, bricks and tiles, called brick and tile pottery. The Great Dictionary of Chinese Brick and Tile Pottery (edited by Chen Jiangong) and the Interpretation of Stone Drum Literature (by Wang Meisheng) provide the expression of the word "Fu" in media and shapes such as pottery and stone bricks and tiles. The early concept of the "Fu" culture also permeated these artifacts, and the diversity of the "Fu" culture was more prominent. Mediums and objects are like the living environment, no matter how the environment changes, the word "Fu" will always seek the most suitable form, the most beautiful form. Even when the medium and object are not suitable for the square form of Chinese characters, the "Fu" character can have an unexpectedly fully beautified expression style.
When most of the primitive populations distributed around the world were still in the competition for survival of food and lodging, the Yin Shang Dynasty had more than 200 kinds of "Fu" characters, and then from the oracle bone and gold script to the stone drum text, brick and tile pottery, the chinese culture took a solid step forward. The rich and diverse personality in the bones, compared with each other, and the commonalities that also exist in the bones are all manifested in this way. From the very beginning, "Blessing" became a combination of abundant living conditions and a respectful and obedient concept of life and life situation.
Two
Due to the variety of changes in the medium carrier, Chinese characters have a lot of forms. It was also during this period that Chinese ideology and culture took a great leap forward, ushering in the climax of the controversy of a hundred schools of thought during the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States Period. The diversity of writing and the diversity of ideas and concepts form a high degree of consistency. It is also possible to study the formation of this round of peak Chinese culture from the perspective of the relationship between human nerve function and spiritual consciousness, which is a very profound and very cutting-edge topic.
In this tide of ideology and culture, the ideas represented by Confucianism, Taoism, Mojia and Dharma have forged a solid foundation for Chinese philosophy, ideology and culture. In the extremely rich and broad academic thought, there are also important ideas about the "Fu" culture.
Confucius famously said: "The sage of the husband, the patriarch of the hundred blessings, the lord of the gods, the one who is uneven to rule, the little one." Confucianism advocates the rule of etiquette and advocates "virtue for government." The so-called sage is to have virtue and talent. With both ability and political integrity, it is the "Sect of Hundred Blessings".
In the Confucian classic "Shang Shu Hong Fan", there is a saying of "five blessings", "five blessings" refers to "one is shou, two is rich, three is kangning, four is good morality, and the fifth is the end of life". The most important aspect of the Confucian idea of the "Five Blessings" is that it advocates "the unity of virtue and happiness", combining the concept of morality with the concept of happiness. The Chinese also says: "Fude, Fukunojiya." There is no virtue and blessing, and there is no foundation and then there is no day, and its bad is not a day. The Confucian concept of "Fu" culture has been the most widely respected programmatic idea of social life in China from history to the present.
Taoist thought has similarities with Confucianism in terms of happiness concept, advocating the restraint and restraint of material life desires, that is, Lao Tzu's so-called "seeing simplicity and embracing simplicity, less selfish desires". Confucian thought is based on the social behavior of "joining the world", while Taoists advocate "birth", alienation from social behavior, and the pursuit of the transcendence of the individual spiritual realm. That is, as Ge Hong further deduced: "To seek eternal life and cultivate to the Tao, the trick lies in the will, not in the wealth and nobility." In the "Baopuzi Inner Chapter, Daoyi", it is said: "If a person can be quiet and pleasant, not be stained, cultivate his heart with no desire, take his spirit to pure essence, sweep away the temptations, reap the right, get rid of the thoughts of difficulty, dispel the tiredness of the true, the evil of thin joy and anger, and destroy the evil of love and evil, then he will not invite blessings and blessings, and he will not be troubled and will go away." Whoever lives in it, is not tied to the outside, the Tao exists here, and there is no one else. ”
This understanding of "blessing" is very different from the Confucian idea of "five blessings". Taoism advocates the attainment of happiness through monasticism, focusing on the fusion of spiritual superiority and virtue and goodness. This view of happiness focuses on transcendent mental states in the course of life. "Blessing" is the realization of spiritual ideals felt in the process of life, so as to obtain a sense of satisfaction in the consciousness of thought. Abandoning the sensory enjoyment of material desires and not pursuing the realization of social values such as fame and fortune, "the mind is subject to extravagance, and the emotions are chaotic in the waves, so there is the disaster of overstepped and the disaster of stagnation." ("Baopuzi Daoyi")
Material and spiritual enjoyment are two different "blessings," and the Taoists have a dialectical understanding of the relationship between the two. The dialectical relationship between loss and gain between the two can be expressed in a famous saying of Lao Tzu: "Where blessings and misfortunes lie, misfortunes and blessings depend." "Pure heart and low desire, the pursuit of the spiritual realm that is in line with the way of nature, the Taoist concept of happiness is also the pursuit of a lofty ideological realm.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Confucianism, Taoism, Ink, Law and other hundreds of schools laid the ideological height of Chinese culture, and also had very broad ideological achievements in the field of "Fu" culture. This marks the ideological depth of the "Fu" culture in history, and also sets off a tide of the development of the "Fu" culture in various fields.
Three
When the New Year is celebrated, every household must paste couplets and paste the word "Fu". Some of the stylistic cultural behaviors in history often have vivid allusions as annotations. There are also many stories about the origin of the word "Fu", one of which is that it is the "list of gods" that originated in the Spring and Autumn Period. After Jiang Ziya assisted King Wen of Zhou in his victory, he was enthroned as a general of various gods on the Qishan Fengshen Platform. Bai Jian, who was originally the chief soldier under the Yellow Emperor of Xuanyuan, was given the title of Qingfu God, and Jiang Ziya's wife also asked to be crowned a god. Jiang Ziya said, "I married you and have been poor all my life, so you should be a poor god." His wife asked, "Then where do I have jurisdiction?" Jiang Ziya said: "Poor gods cannot be with 'Fu', and you can't go to any place where there is 'Fu'." The people all know this, so everyone puts the word "Blessing" on the door during the New Year, and the poor god will not come in.
This story has always been widely circulated, and the folk have the custom of going door to door to paste the word "Fu" during the New Year. The story is clearly comedic and lighthearted. This is also a style of the mainland's traditional culture, including the "Fu" culture, without huge elements of fear and disaster, without the psychological motivation of fright and deterrence, with a peaceful and gentle mood, telling a vivid story. The listener does not have to pursue the authority of the story, let alone ask Jiang Ziya whether it is right to do so, Jiang Ziya's wife accepts injustice in this way, and whether posting the word "Fu" can really drive away the poor god, everyone thinks that this is the case, very smoothly believed, formed customs and habits, and passed on from generation to generation.
Historically, a large number of folk discourses of "Fu" culture have been deduced from the "list of conferred gods" and various kinds of heads. The Celestial Officer, who evolved from the Celestial Star in the ancient astronomical purple micro constellation, was the "Heavenly Official Blessing", which is of course a god of blessing. And the lucky star in the Three Stars of Fulu Shou is played from Jupiter. Jupiter is also called the year star, and then it is called the lucky star and the blessed god. The shapes of the two Celestial Officials in new year paintings, statues, and other works are often the same, so no one seems to ask which star the Tianguan Fuxing evolved from, or whether the two Fushen are the same deity.
Various blessing ritual activities have been triggered by the blessing star and the blessing god. Successive dynasties have had blessing ceremonies, and the emperor led hundreds of officials to bathe and fast, and prayed for the New Year on the five-colored earth altar to pray for the eternal happiness of the country and mountains. Ordinary people also went to the temple or in front of their own altars to burn incense to make offerings to the gods of fortune on New Year's Festivals, praying for peace and happiness in the family, and the date of prayer and ritual procedures were various, including many ethnic minorities also had folk activities to pray for blessings. Festivals, ceremonies, and various norms of clothing, food, shelter, and transportation, which are full of the awareness of the "Fu" culture, have permeated every aspect of social life.
The Spring Festival is always the season when the "blessing" culture penetrates deep into every household, and various places have formed their own unique blessing rituals. The year-end blessing ceremony in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, and the folk activities of Wenzhou's "Blocking the Street Blessing" are all very distinctive New Year customs. Especially because Mr. Lu Xun's novel "Blessing" is very widely disseminated, or a must-read text for students, Lu Zhen's blessing ceremony of "paying tribute to the gods, greeting the gods of blessing, and praying for good luck in the coming year", including the living atmosphere formed by the blessing etiquette and the psychological reactions of the people at all levels, are well known to people.
Four
The word "Fu" has gone beyond the boundaries of philology and become a visual symbol with a vast and boundless influence. In addition to residential residences, many outdoor spaces and scenic spots also revere the huge word "Fu" and derive various festive "Fu" cultural activities. Hunan Changde peach blossoms originate from the ancient reputation of "Futian Cave", and the Fushou Monument in the front hall of the scenic peach blossom view has attracted many tourists. Taohuayuan holds the "Fu" Cultural Festival "Wufu Linmen" series of activities every year, with links such as "Dragon Blessing", "Fairyland Blessing" and "Prosperous Singing Blessing" to display the traditional culture, folk art and folk culture of Taohuayuan. In the celebrity calligraphy works of the Leshan Giant Buddha Fu Weng Monument Gallery, there is a cursive "Fu" character stone stele in front of which there are always many tourists stopping to watch. The calligraphy stone carving of "Blessing of the Queen Mother of Taishan" is also called "Blessing of Yaochi" and "Blessing of Marriage". The single-character "Fu" calligraphy stone carving in Hongmen Square of Taishan Scenic Area is known as the first "Fu" of Taishan. The stone carved "Fu" character on the wall in front of the mountain gate of The Baoguang Temple in the northern suburbs of Chengdu is more than one meter square, which is also a attraction that attracts many tourists. The most well-known is the Wanfu Garden in The Gongwang Mansion on Qianhai West Street in Beijing, where there are 10,000 sculptures of various "Fu" characters, the most concerned of which is the "Fu" inscription of Kangxi.
Gongwangfu is a state-level key cultural relics protection unit, the largest royal courtyard in the Qing Dynasty, and was once the mansion of Hezhen. He yan has a huge Kangxi "Fu" character stele, which claims to be the first "Fu" character in the world. When the Washu mansion was raided, the "Fu" stele was buried in a rockery. After nearly a hundred years, after the Qing Dynasty was overthrown, the stone stele was rediscovered.
The character "Fu" is used all over the country and throughout the dynasties and dynasties, carrying the vast historical and cultural elements of the mainland. Just like the "Fu" stele of Gong Wangfu, it records the rise and fall of the Qing Dynasty, records the gains and losses of the emperor's intentions, and records the moral law that the wicked will eventually receive evil retribution. These historical facts are widely disseminated in the form of stories, which greatly enriches the connotation and significance of the "Fu" culture.
The writing of the "Fu" character, under the full artistic personality of calligraphers of previous generations, shows its beauty, such as kai, line, grass, li, seal, etc., and the "Hundred Blessings" calligraphy encyclopedia collected by the folk also brings sufficient blessings.
The character "Fu" creates a visual symbol of the "Fu" culture with a wide range of coverage in the form of calligraphy, carving, clothing and jewelry, etc., and then extends and expands in various forms to form a symbol system of "Fu" culture. Figurative pictures and statues of the god of blessing have a great influence. More widely distributed is the symbolic pattern of "Fu"--the animal bat with the harmonic sound is constructed into a series of symbols of "Fu". In this symbol series, bats gradually become very diverse patterns, and some also add coins, peaches, clouds and other patterns, making the meaning of "Fu" more and more abundant. This series of symbols, carved into the windows, doors, pillars, walls, and girder ridges of houses, became the decoration of almost ubiquitous residential courtyards.
Another series of symbols is the Fu Knot, or Chinese Knot. Fu knot is made of wire with beautiful textures such as silk, cotton, and hemp, plus jade pendants, pendants and other accessories to weave elegant and beautiful pendants with various uses. At first, its graphics were similar to the seal "Fu" character, so it was called Fu Jie. Later, a variety of styles were developed, including "Fushou Shuangquan", "Double Happiness", "Fenglin Chengxiang", "All The Best", "Auspicious Celebration", etc. Fukuji is also widely used, and is increasingly used in clothing, merchandise decoration, venue layout, and the arrangement of festival scenes.
Five
The embodiment of the "Fu" culture in the geographical environment and regional name is, of course, Fuzhou is the most. In the history of Fuzhou, dongye, Jin'an, Jinping, Minzhou, Quanzhou, Jian'an and other names have been used, and in the thirteenth year of the Tang Dynasty (725), because of the Fushan mountain in the northwest of the prefecture, it was first called Fuzhou.
There are many places in the country with the word "Fu" into the place name, Guizhou Fuquan City, Yunnan Fugong County, Hunan Changsha Kaifu District, Shandong Yantai Fushan District, Nanjing has Fulingli, Fuzhen Street, Fuxing Street, Fujing Road and so on. Fuzhou was named as a large city and conjoined to form a large area in eastern Fujian named after the fu character - Fuqing County, Fu'an County, Fuding County, and Yongfu County (later renamed Yongtai County). At present, there are more than 60 streets, roads, villages and towns in Fuzhou City with fu characters.
The people of Fuzhou are always proud to live in the "blessed state", the natural environment, climate feng shui, ecological species, dietary specialties, family business and so on, everywhere blessed, blessed. On March 24, 2021, General Secretary Xi Jinping, who was inspecting and investigating in Fujian, came to Furong Garden, Fushan Country Park, Fuzhou, and said to the citizens of Fuzhou who were relaxing and exercising here, "Seven slips and eight slips, do not leave the tiger". This sentence, which has always been circulated in dialects, quickly spread throughout the country.
During this inspection and investigation by General Secretary Xi Jinping, in the viewing platform of Fushan Country Park, he listened to the report on the planning and construction of the urban ecological park and the comprehensive treatment of the urban water system, took a battery car to understand the style of the suburban Fudao, and went to Fujian Fuguang Co., Ltd. to inspect and inquire about the technological innovation and development of the enterprise. This investigation and investigation gave an extremely powerful impetus to the "Fu" culture.
General Secretary Xi Jinping made a highly summarized summary of the connotation and significance of the "Fu" culture, and pointed out the practical significance of the "Fu" culture in the new historical period in the most resounding language: the happiness of the people is the cause of the Communist Party, and the happiness of the people is the "great power of the country". At the highest ideological level, this points out to us the direction of the further development of the "Fu" culture and its significance. (The author is a professor at the School of Communication, Fujian Normal University)
Source: Fujian Daily