Zhuge Liang is the most positive example in history, with a huge aura of outstanding politicians, military experts, and inventors in the Three Kingdoms period, and his Shu state was indeed the first to be destroyed. The Shu state has a unique natural geographical barrier, the surrounding Shu is lofty mountains, many cliffs and cliffs stand like walls, only a few husbands and wives are passed, and the Wanfu Mo Pass can be passed; and under one person, Zhuge Liang, the minister above ten thousand people, is himself upright and clean, so the Shu kingdom was indeed destroyed by Wei early. We see what Zhuge Liang did to endanger the Shu kingdom and bring the Shu kingdom to its demise. As a politician, at the level of national strategy, he only blindly emphasizes the use of foreign troops and flaunts political correctness, but does not know the relationship between national strength and military strength. As a military commander, his ability to manage the government was extremely low, and he could not bridge the contradictions between the Jingzhou clique and the Yizhou clique, nor could he make the Yizhou officials and people sincerely subordinate, blindly extracting the interests of the people and serving foreign wars; as a military commander, he could not calm or weaken the Wei state, and even took measures to weaken his own strength. Zhuge Liang's four series of measures led to the demise of the Shu kingdom. 1. Exhausted military force, exhausted national strength; Zhuge Liang could not exhaust the use of talent, pit and kill those who could do it. After his death, the two large cliques of Wen and Wu were opposed to each other, there was serious infighting, the officials and people of Sanyi Prefecture did not sincerely submit to the Shu Han regime, and the four political abuses were made, and the talent withered away. All this was carried out by Zhuge Liang using the signboard given by the former emperor Liu Bei to the chancellor of the Orphans, in the name of Kuangfu Han, eradicating Cao Thief, and using power to coerce the later lord Liu Chan and the entire Shu kingdom to tie themselves to the chariot of his ambitions, just as Cao Cao threatened the heavenly son to order the princes, the Shu kingdom collapsed, and the later lord opened the door to surrender, one of the important reasons was that the king's power fell by the wayside, and all this began with Zhuge Liang.
The first exhausted soldiers exhausted the national strength. The State of Shu was the weakest of the three kingdoms of Wei shu and Wu, but Zhuge Liang frequently used troops against his own powerful State of Wei, wasting national strength in vain and emptying the economic foundation of the State of Shu.
Liu Bei occupied Chengdu to take Yizhou to Liu Bei as emperor, during which time he used troops everywhere, and fought for years, saying that the emperor used troops against Eastern Wu in the second year, and was defeated at Yiling, Zhang Wu died in the White Emperor City in three years, and the national strength of the Shu state was not recuperated. Liu Chan succeeded to the throne and changed his era name to Jianxing, and Zhuge Liang only showed a little bit of politician's talent in the first year of Jianxing. Rebellions arose in various places, but Zhuge Liang did not immediately put down the rebellion, he said, the new suffered a great loss, did not increase the army, first with the State of Wu to rebuild the old good. In addition, the later lord Liu Chan encouraged farming and farming, and closed the people, and the Shu kingdom had to rest for three years. Three years later, first the domestic counterinsurgency, after the completion of the counter-rebellion to Hanzhong, six years after Jianxing, Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, began the first Northern Expedition, to the twelfth year of Jianxing, a total of five Northern Expeditions, one defensive Wei to attack, that is, no military victory, but also did not get practical benefits, and because of long-distance losses, material supplies could not be supplied, and killed another orphan minister Li Yan. After his death, he provoked infighting and used Yang Yi to kill the loyal minister Wei Yan, damaging the pillars of the country. From Liu Chan's succession to the throne to the death of Zhuge Liang for twelve years, Shu Hui retired to recuperate for the first three years, launched five wars against the outside world, once attacked against the Wei state, and counter-rebelled twice, so many military operations, the exhaustion of national strength, especially the materials, grain, grass and road transportation used in the Northern Expedition, which greatly increased the burden on the Shu state and caused an increase in popular rebellion.
After the second death, the two large groups of Wen and Wu were opposed to each other, and the infighting was serious. Because Zhuge Liang did not clearly define the relationship between national strength, the country's future strategy, and the military strategy, and Zhuge Liang cultivated a military group, after Zhuge Liang's death, regardless of national strength, mechanically implemented Zhuge Liang's military strategy of northern expedition to destroy Wei before his death, resulting in contradictions between the military group and the civilian official group. Fei Yi's reign was still able to suppress Jiang Wei's use of troops and reduce the adverse consequences of war. After a total of fifteen years of the reign of Liu Chan Jianxing, Zhuge Liang went on the Northern Expedition five times and put down the rebellion twice. Later, the era name Was changed to Yanxi for a total of twenty years, and in the first sixteen years, he suppressed the rebellion three times, cut Down Wei twice, and resisted the Attack of the State of Wei once. In the sixteenth year of Yanxi, Fei Yi was assassinated, and in the twentieth year of Yanxi, Jiang Wei took military action against Wei every year. In the sixth year of Jing Yao, the State of Wei sent a large army to destroy the State of Shu. Successive years of war have inflicted enormous attrition on the country, and the people have been overwhelmed.
The officials and people of the Fourth Yi Prefecture did not sincerely submit to the Shu Han regime
After Liu Bei occupied Yizhou, he died of illness because he was fighting everywhere, he did not care about internal political theory, Yizhou did not belong to the Shu Han regime from the people to the officials, some high-ranking officials tried their best to leave the Wei state, after Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, Zhuge Liang also did not carry out internal political theory, the contradiction between the Yizhou group and the Jingzhou group deepened day by day, there were very few people in the yizhou group at the top level of the Shu state, due to the increase in war taxes and servitude, there were many internal rebellions, when foreign enemies attacked, they immediately threw themselves into foreign enemies, Deng Ai secretly attacked Yinping Pass, Jiang Shu opened the door and offered the pass, and Deng Ai, who had no way to survive, was not only desperate, The fundamental reason for the destruction of the Shu kingdom is that the people of Yizhou have been suffering for a long time, which is fundamentally the fault of Zhuge Liang. When Deng Aibing came to the city, the later lord Liu Chan listened to Zhou Zhizhi's strategy and opened the door to surrender, Liu Chan reigned for forty-one years, the military power has been on the side, and the administrative power is also in the first year of changing the scenery, only a little bit of power, before there was no say in the decision-making of state affairs.
Fourth, political abuses and talent withered. Zhuge Liang, as a chancellor, did not carry out internal political theory and blindly exhausted his troops, so the Shu state could neither recruit talents nor select talents, and Zhuge Liang only chose those who listened to his own words. Kill people who disagree with your own politics. When the national power cannot afford to launch military operations on its own, it adopts a policy of repression against the people at home. A set of comparative data can be well illustrated that when the Shu kingdom fell, there were 280,000 households, 940,000 men and women, 102,000 soldiers, 40,000 officials, more than 400,000 rice valleys, and 200,000 horses each. At the time of the fall of the State of Wu, there were 520,000 households, 2.3 million men and women, 230,000 soldiers, 32,000 officials, and 2.8 million rice valleys. The ratio of civil servants to shuguo is 23.5:1, Wuguo is 71.8:1, the proportion of officials supported by the people of Shuguo is three times that of Wuguo, and the inventory of brocade silk shows that the people of Shuguo have a heavy labor, from planting mulberry silkworms to suppressing silk, and then weaving into horses, which is far more labor-intensive than farming.
In summary, the fall of the Shu state was actually due to the ambition and governance ability of Zhuge Liang, so Zhuge Liang was not worthy of an outstanding politician and military expert at all, and was fine as a literary and theoretical scholar.