Nominations for the 1971 Nobel Prize in Literature were announced
Recently, according to the Nobel Foundation confidentiality agreement, the nominations for the 1971 Nobel Prize were announced. The list of nominees for the 1971 Nobel Prize in Literature included 91 writers, with the ultimate winner being Pablo Neruda. During the year, Neruda was nominated only twice, by Josephine Miles, professor of English at the University of California, Berkeley, the department's first female employee; and Henry Pell, Professor of French at Yale University Sterling. Two of the nominees occupied one nomination, namely Aimé Sezer, the representative of "black sexuality", and Leopold Sedar Sanghor. The nominee shall be Mr. Girod, then a member of the Swedish Academy of Letters, Karl Ragnar Giro.
Only one woman of the 91 nominees is the Estonian poet Marie Under. One of the greatest poets in Estonian history, Ander grew up in the expressionist and neo-Romantic currents of the early 20th century, when she pioneered modern Estonian literature with members of the Siuru group and the literary foundation after the estonian independence (1918-), taken from Finnish-Ugric mythology and originally meant to represent a firebird. However, Ender and her Thulu group went into exile in Stockholm, Sweden, during World War II, where they founded the Estonian Writers' Union, where Ender lived for the rest of his life.
According to the Swedish Academy documents published by the Swedish Daily, nine writers have been nominated more than 3 times. Here's it: Jorge Luis Borges, Heinrich B ll, André Chamson, Günter Grass, William Heinesen, André Malraux, Eugenio Montale, Baron Jacob Lodewijk Gerard and Thornton Wilder. There has not been a single writer who has been nominated more than 5 times.
Mary Ender
Of the 9 writers mentioned above, two unknown to the Chinese-speaking world, Andrei Chamson and Baron Vorschap. André Chamson has a legendary history, having worked as a museum director, protecting the Louvre during the Resistance, president of pens internationally, president of the jury of the Festival de Cannes, and academician of the Académie de France. Baron Vauschap, the inheritor of Belgian modernism, whose work explores religion, colonialism, etc., was awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold II. Three of the nine writers won the prize in subsequent years, and Heinrich B ll, Günter Grass, and Eugenio Montale won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1972, 1999 and 1975, respectively.
Obviously, the list of 1971 nominees includes Nobel laureates for the years to come — 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976. And these 9 writers all belong to the category of (pan) european literature, (pan) English literature, and the Neruda's honor in 1971 released a positive signal that the Swedish Academy of Letters gradually expanded and perfected its concepts and imaginations of (pan) continental literature and (pan) English literature, which is obviously the result of the expansion of world literature in the early 20th century, and we are still in this expanded category to this day.
Among the 91 writers, ethnic groups, third world, and non-mainstream language families accounted for a relatively small proportion. Among them, Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay is an Indian Bengali writer known for his urban and community stories. Tsendiin Damdinsüren was a Mongolian writer who was involved in the modernization of the Mongolian language, the evolution from classical Mongolian to Cyrillic Mongolian, and translated the Secret History of Mongolia. Salvador Espriu is a Spanish Catalan writer who co-founded the Catalan Language Association. William Heinesen is a Faroe Island writer whose work covers a wide range of subjects, winning literary awards such as the Nordic Council Literary Prize. Younghill Kang, the father of Korean-American literature, spent his life in the midst of fluctuations in The East, the West, immigration control, and free art. He studied at the University of Iowa Writers Workshop, lived in Greenwich Village, taught at New York University, and worked at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Jiang Yong's major works include The Grass Roof and East Goes West. His work was loved by Thomas Wolfe. Mikha'il Nu'ayma was a Lebanese poet, a descendant and friend of Gibran's, who lived in the United States and is best known for his work, The Book of Mirdad. Evaristo Ribera Chevremont is a Puerto Rican poet of the Antilles and is known as one of the most important poets of the Antilles. Georges Schehadé is a Lebanese-speaking playwright who was associated with the Surrealists. José García Villa, a Filipino English poet, invented reverse consonant prosody and the so-called "comma poem", whose main work was Doveglion.
According to the Nobel Prize website, the Nobel Prize in Literature was nominated 3,104 times between 1911 and 1966. Among them, China has only one nomination qualification, the nominee is the Hong Kong branch of the International PEN Association, and the nominee is Hu Shi. Chinese writers have been nominated five times, and these five times have been shared by two writers, Hu Shi and Lin Yutang, Hu Shi's nominees are Sven Hedin (1939), the International PEN Hong Kong Branch (1957), Lin Yutang's nominees are Sven Hedin (1940), Pearl Buck (1940, 1950).
PEN International called on Rwanda to intervene in the disappearance of Innocent Bahati
On February 7, PEN International issued a joint open letter calling on Rwanda's current president, Paul Kagame, to actively address the disappearance of Rwandan poet Innocent Bahati. The open letter was initiated by Burhan S nmez, the current president of PEN International, Ben Okri, Margaret Atwood, Gioconda Belli, J.M. M. Coetzee), Ma Thida, Salman Rushdie, Michael Ondaatje and others signed it.
Innocent Bahati
"We are writing in support of previous calls by writers around the world, as well as by other free speech organizations, urging you to intervene in the Bahati affair and defend his rights to life, liberty and welfare." The writers made a joint statement to President Kagame, "We implore you to take note of the incident and to take urgent action, Bahati has been missing for a year and the current situation remains unknown ... Poetry is not a crime. The whole world looks forward to hearing Bahati's voice again. ”
A year ago, on February 7, Bahati disappeared from a hotel in Nyanza, where he went to meet an undisclosed figure. When it was discovered that Bahati had not been able to return to Kigali as scheduled, Bahati had disappeared and his mobile phone had not been accessible. On 9 February, the Rwandan Bureau of Investigation registered the disappearances, but to this day no progress has been announced. Bahati was born in Nyaga tare and previously taught at Green Mountain College.
Bahati was a poet with a sense of justice and a spirit of social criticism. Before his disappearance, Bahati also published his poems, readings and performances on YouTube, Facebook and other platforms, and he often participated in and held on-the-ground events. Bahati focuses on important issues in Africa today, such as human rights, poverty, the refugee crisis, and complex dictatorships, but Bhati is not so condescending, and his poetry is close to spoken poetry. In his last interview before his disappearance, Bahati called for a positive and effective humanity, "When we lose our humanity in the pursuit of wealth, we may go to extinction."
Before the disappearance, the epidemic swept through Africa, and as of now, Africa remains the region with the worst epidemic and the most ineffective relief measures in the world. Many Rwandans are in trouble in their lives and jobs. In this situation, Bahati wrote his last verifiable poem, expressing emotions of sadness and compassion and passing on social justice and bravery to his then-unborn child.
It is reported that on March 21, 2021, Rwanda's Minister of State for Cultural Affairs, Edward Bamboriki, issued a statement to the outside world, "People who have nothing may cross the line, and those who are unsuspecting will deviate from the right course." When poetry loses its way, it misleads the public... We are to do our duty to advise and reprimand those who deviate."
Paulina Zizean received the Cammons Prize
Recently, the Mozambican writer Paulina Chiziane won the Cam es Prize. This is the third time the Camons Prize has been awarded to a Mozambican writer, before Zizean josé Craveirinha and Mia Couto. José Creverina was Mozambique's greatest poet and was the first Carmons Prize winner in Africa. Paulina Zizean is the eighth female winner of the Cammons Prize and the first female winner in Africa.
Paulina Zizean
Chizen was born into a Bantu-speaking Protestant family on the outskirts of Maputo, the capital of Mozambique, where Maputo was then called Lorenzo Max. Zizean attended a Portuguese Catholic school and the University of Mondlane, named after the first president of the Mozambican Liberation Front. During the Mozambican Civil War, Zizean gave up his studies to serve the Mozambican Red Cross. Beginning in 1984, Zizean's name began to appear in Mozambican literary magazines such as Tempo and Domingo. In 1990, Zizean published her first work, Balada de Amor ao Vento (Love in the Wind).
Zizean was said to be the first female writer in Mozambique to publish a novel, but before 1990, writers like Lina Magaia, an exile, columnist and veteran, also published a number of works. In 2003, Zizean and Mia Cotto shared the first Prémio José Craveirinha de Literatura, rewarding her work Niketche: Uma História de Poligamia (The First Lady: On Polygamy), Zizean's most important work to date.
Zizean was concerned about the decolonization, polygamy and social problems of the transitional period in Mozambique. The First Lady inherits the theme of Balada de Amor ao Vento (Love in the Wind) and focuses primarily on polygamy. The novel tells the story of Police Officer Tony and her four wives, who live in four places in Mozambique. Zizean's attitude toward polygamy is unclear, and she has no intention of completely overthrowing polygamy and conforming to the Western-dominated feminist trend, because she understands that polygamy has unbreakable historical roots and social causes. Studies have shown that polygamy is not entirely the result of the shaping of colonial history, but relies more on the existing family structures in Africa, and many African countries today recognize polygamy as legal. Uzo Esonwanne also refutes the tendency to oppose polygamy as truth, "Anything universal in human nature (e.g., reproduction) has no universally applicable form of expression, and even if it is appropriate, its linguistic form reveals a repressive will to power rather than a transcendent truth." ”
Meanwhile, Zizean is trying to uncover African voices and African stories hidden behind polygamy. For example, before Christianity spread to Africa, African tribal women retained their surnames after marriage, and people believed that names and ancestors were linked, and as colonization progressed, many parts of Africa adopted the rules of Christendom. The change of name with marriage also means that the rights of African women are more entrusted to men, for example, some Mozambican women will subconsciously expect to marry others and win some survival rights, of course, including the operation of modern society. As he put it, Mozambican women are looking for a paradise they once had but lost. As a Mozambican woman, Zizean wants to explore the Mozambican tradition, as well as the African tradition, which is very different from Western thought.
Zizean pointed out that before Europeans come to Africa, Africans can directly talk to the universe, pray in the open air rather than indoors, and nature (gods) such as the moon, trees, and the sea are integrated into the life and social practice of Africans. After colonial history, everything changed. Africans became people without faith in the eyes of Europeans, and later people without faith in their own eyes. Zizean spent a great deal of time writing about traditional healers. First, we need to be clear that traditional healers are at the heart of the production of traditional knowledge in Africa, and that such a role has been erased in the process of colonization and modernization. Psychologists and psychiatrists in the modern sense have emerged in Africa, but this physician is not the other. Qi Zean's mother, who was insane during the civil war due to her son's sacrifice, went to see a psychiatrist, but there was little cure. A traditionally trained doctor solved the problem, "In order for your mother to recover, you must take her back to tradition, back to the context she is familiar with." ”
Qi Ze'an's language is rich, fanatical and affectionate. She was influenced by the Spanish poet Florbela Espanca. Espanka, who wrote sonnets and practiced unreservedly the passion and freedom that modern art aspired to in her life, was divorced twice. Because of its emotional expression, its feminine identity and experience, Espanca was once imprisoned by Portuguese officials. At the same time, Zizean believes that there is a so-called Mozambican nature. Mozambicanism is taking shape from colonial history, slavery, multi-tribal and multilingual conditions, but this process will take a long time.
Clemens Setz was awarded the Bichner Prize
Recently, the Austrian writer Clemens J. Setz won the Georg-Büchner-Preis Prize, the world's highest literary award in the German-speaking world. This is the first time in a decade that an Austrian writer has won the Bichner Prize, and Setz is the fourteenth Austrian writer to win the Bichner Prize, followed by Ingeborg Bachmann, Thomas Bernhard, Peter Handke, Manès Sperber, Ernst Jandl, Erich Sperber, Anderson. Erich Fried, Albert Drach, H. C. Ultraman C. Artmann), Elfriede Jelinek, Friederike Mayr cker, Josef Winkler, Walter Kappacher.
Clemens Setz
Setz (1982-) won the Bichner Prize in his middle age, a precedent in the history of German-language literature – such as Peter Handke's early thirties, but he later returned the prize – but it is not common. Winning the prize early may be just right for Setz. About a decade ago, the short story collection Die Liebe zur Zeit des Mahlst dter Kindes won an award in the novel category at the Leipzig Book Fair, and Setz was hailed as a genius, but the title was somewhat lofty. Now, Setz has proven himself to be a true genius, a genius of pure gold, like a compressed biscuit version of David Foster Wallace.
What is the language of 21st century literature? How should we use a binary database? Before answering these questions, we must reach a consensus that literature can be deduced in the form of databases, even virtual deductions. The evidence is that we never do learned work, we do open work. We read in the open, write in the open, give and receive in the open. Setz explores it in Die Bienen und das Unsichtbare .) Setz first takes us back to the birth of Volapük and Esperanto, which correspond to both the Language System of Novalis and the Vocabulary Database. Eventually, Vasili Eroshenko, a Russian Esperanto writer, conducted a nomadic experiment with his anarchist ideas. "At the heart of poetry is deviation," Setz writes at the end of "The Bee and the Invisible Man."
The 21st century takes us back to the dreamland of language, the origin of language. This is why there is an essential difference between the disabled of Setz and the incapacitated of Günter Glass. Setz's disability does not require an auxiliary system, while Grass's disability always requires a solid background board. Then, the presentation of the world is not one-to-one correspondence, but multiplicity correspondence, and reflection on existence is one. Once, during a game, Setz found that the computer was split in half, and he went to the hospital to do a CT, which showed that the brain was fine. Setz thus became a writer.
(Partial translation reference: He Ning, "Science and Technology and Historical Themes in Literature: A Review of Hot Topics in the German Language Circle in 2018", Research on Foreign Literary Dynamics, No. 4, 2019)
Errid Rendon receives the Nordic Prize from the Swedish Academy
Recently, norwegian writer Eldrid Lunden won the Swedish Academy Nordic Award (Svenska Akademiens nordiska pris). Previous winners of the Nordic Prize have been Rosa Liksom, Karl Ove Knausg rd and Agneta Pleijel. Winner of the Nordic Awards, Norwegian writers have won the most. Rendon is the most important poet in Scandinavia since World War II.
Elrid Rendon
Rendon's poetry was never deeply and avant-garde exploratory, experimental. She focuses on inner poetry. Her first collection of poems, f.eks. Juli) proceeded from the budding of youth and the natural landscape to carry out a complete existential exploration. Three collections of poems from the 1970s, Inneringa, Hard, mjuk, and Mammy, Blue, Rendon expanded poetic spaces into everyday situations, maintaining a simple, modern, fluid tone as a whole. Rendon's poetry has both a metaphorical and a highly de-atmospheric tendency, and the reader can see himself well through grammar. Liv Lundberg has commented that Rendon's poetry is calm, ironic and gentle, and it can be said that things and concepts are well integrated, and the reader can touch emotions directly through symbols and symbols.
Since the 1980s, Rendon has paid more attention to contemporary realities. The first is the discussion of contemporary events such as feminism and violence in the 1980s, and more recently, the consideration of the environment and nature in the early 21st century. Flokken og skuggen," published in 2005, was widely acclaimed. At the heart of its poetics is the free imagination and inner tension of the modern individual.