From pig farms to brick factories
In the early days of liberation, the Tiexi Zhaogong Street in Shenyang at that time was definitely not as grand as it is today, with potholes and potholes, and the connection between urban and rural areas, showing a look of chaos.
In 1958, at the southernmost end of Zhaogong Street in Tiexi District, in a place called Zhengjiawazi Village (still belonging to Tiexi), in a farmer's pig farm, people accidentally found an ancient tomb. It was as if it had detonated a thunderbolt, causing fathers of all ages and children to come to see the strangeness, and for a while it became the number one topic in the village. The farm was dug to the bottom and 27 bronze artifacts were excavated, including a bronze short sword. Some archaeologists in the city boldly asserted that there must be "big goods" in this area, and they did not believe that they would walk and see...
Sure enough, four years later, in 1962, in the courtyard of the Zhengjiawazi Brigade 500 meters to the south, there were cultural relics unearthed; seven years later, in 1965, in the red brick yard more than 1,000 meters away, when the villagers dug up soil and burned bricks, they suddenly dug up many large graves...
Today, Zhengjiawazi is located in the Southwest of Shenyang in the Yuhong District, about 5 kilometers east of Shenyang Station and 3 kilometers south of the HunHe River. The terrain here is low-lying and swampy, and originally belonged to Zhengjiawazi Village in Tiexi District, so it was called "Zhengjiawazi".
Shenyang Zhengjiawazi bronze short sword tomb is a rare precious relic, in the process of Shenyang's historical development once shone brightly, in the northeast and even the country's history and culture also shone brilliantly.
Zhengjiawazi Bronze Short Sword Tomb Exhibition Hall
From 1958 to 1965, archaeologists have excavated precious bronze cultural relics, the most eye-catching large tomb, excavated 797 cultural relics such as bronze short swords.
At the end of the spring and autumn, the bronze short sword reappeared
In 1958, at the zhaogong street site in the north of Zhengjiawazi (known as the first site in academic circles), 27 bronze short swords and shell-shaped savings were excavated; in 1962, a bronze short sword was excavated at the second site 500 meters away from the first site; from the end of May to the beginning of June 1965, the Northeast Task Force of the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences carried out archaeological excavations at the third site (then known as the Zhengjiawazi site) and cleaned up 2 earth pit tombs, and excavated bronze short swords and other relics.
In August 1965, archaeologists in Shenyang excavated 14 more tombs at the third site and unearthed a large number of burial items, and the Zhengjiawazi Bronze Shortsword Exhibition Hall was a shocking discovery of this archaeological work. The 14 tombs are divided into two districts, the north area, 12 are small tombs, and the south area is 2 large tombs. Among them, Tomb No. 6512, located in one of the two large tombs in the southern district, is about 5 meters long and 3 meters wide, and a total of 42 kinds and 797 pieces of bronze shortswords such as copper, pottery, stone and bone tools have been excavated, which is the largest and most funerary one among the bronze shortsword tombs unearthed in Northeast Asia.
From the Xia Shang to the middle and late Warring States period, the Shenyang area gave birth to and grew a number of bronze cultures, the most typical of which is the Zhengjiawazi bronze short sword culture type in the Spring and Autumn And Warring States period.
There are 4 sets of carriage and horse utensils in the funeral goods
Zhengjiawazi Bronze Short Sword Exhibition Hall, built on the original site of the Bronze Short Sword Tomb. The museum shows the overall appearance of the tomb when it was excavated according to the scene of the physical restoration of the tomb. Among them, a bronze short sword is located at the waist of the tomb owner's side, and the other two are on the top of the head. It was seen at the scene that the bronze short sword tomb is a coffin tomb with a vertical cave, the plane is rectangular, and the bottom of the tomb is only 1.4 meters from the ground. At the bottom of the tomb, there is a wooden rafter and a wooden coffin, and only traces of plate ash remain; the wooden coffin is placed in the north of the rafter, the bottom is paved, the wooden coffin is built with a human bone, the head is west and the foot is east, and the artifacts are placed between the coffin and the rafter. On the east side of the tomb, cattle bones were also found as sacrificial meat.
Among the burial items excavated from the Zhengjiawazi Bronze Short Sword Tomb, bronze ware accounted for the vast majority. In addition to the three bronze short swords, there are also a wealth of car and horse tools such as thrifty (playing a role in fixing the connection), horsebits, bronze winches, etc. Archaeologists judge through the horn shape (decoration above the horse's head), and there are 4 sets of carriage and horse tools in the tomb.
Shen Luoyi, director of the Propaganda Department of the Shenyang Cultural Relics and Monuments Protection and Research Center, introduced that from the discoveries of the Zhengjiawazi site and tombs, the tomb shape system is a clay pit tomb, the Zhengjiawazi bronze tomb has a coffin and a coffin, and the rest of the small tombs have no coffins. Although there are relics common in Northeast Asia such as bronze short swords, many of them are still unique, so many archaeologists believe that the remains of Shenyang Zhengjiawazi tombs and sites are a separate type of archaeological culture.
The owner of the tomb may be the leader of the noble class
With the burial items including bronze short swords, carriage and horse tools and extremely precious turquoise roof decorations, what is the identity of the owner of the Zhengjiawazi Bronze Tomb?
The age of the tomb is generally believed to be in the late Spring and Autumn Period, the owner of the tomb according to relevant research as a man of fifty or sixty years old, his short and extremely high skull shape, very flat appearance, reflecting the combination of Siberian and Far Eastern Mongolian races morphological characteristics. Zhengjiawazi bronze short sword tomb is a rare precious relic, unfortunately, archaeologists did not find epitaphs and other words in the tomb that record the identity of the tomb owner, making the identity of the owner of this tomb a mystery. However, the sword was one of the most important weapons in the cold weapon era of the pre-Qin period, and it was also a sign of the identity of the nobles and scholars. Therefore, some people speculate that the owner of the tomb is a general, some people think that he is the leader of a certain tribe, and some people say that he has the status of a king.
The large scale of the bronze short sword tomb, the honor of the coffin system, and the abundance of burial goods indicate that the owner of the tomb is likely to be a figure of the noble class and leader of the tribe.
In 1958, archaeologists found 27 bronze artifacts, including a short-stemmed curved-bladed short sword, a T-shaped sword handle, 10 cross-shaped economies, 9 buttoned mirror ornaments, 4 bi-moon ornaments, two chisels, and an axe.
In 1962, 2 graves were discovered and a curved-bladed bronze short sword was unearthed.
In August 1965, archaeologists from the Liaoning Provincial Museum and the Palace Museum in Shenyang excavated 14 tombs at the Zhengjiawazi site. Among them, Tomb No. 6512 is a large earthen coffin tomb. Between the coffins are placed a large number of burial items: a sword rafter on the west side, with two curved-bladed bronze short swords, and another copper mirror, a pair of copper hairpins and bone hairpins; the north side is placed with two bows and a bundle of 71 arrows, the bow is made of bone pieces, and the arrows are three-sided copper hammers; the east side is placed 3 clay pots; and the south side is placed 4 sets of horse's head utensils.
Inside the coffin there is a human bone, an elderly male, with a large bronze mirror-shaped ornament on each head and foot; four slightly smaller copper mirror-shaped ornaments on the body; copper hairpins, bone hairpins, and small stone beads on the top of the head; large stone beads on the neck and chest; a bronze short sword with a copper dart wooden sword sheath on the right waist; a knife sac and an axe sac are placed next to the right knee, and knives, cones, axes, chisels, etc. are placed inside; below the patella, around the tibia, and on the foot bones, there are copper bubbles, which are obviously ornaments on the boots of the deceased, and the boots have long been decayed, but the copper bubbles have survived; the left side of the foot bones, There was also a bundle of arrows, 98 of which were in total.
Tomb No. 6512 of the "Zhengjiawazi Ruins", a total of 42 kinds of burial items such as copper, pottery, stone and bone have been excavated and 797 pieces, which is the largest and most abundant burial products in the Liaoning-style curved blade short sword culture tomb.
Cultural relics excavated from Zhengjiawazi
Bronze shortsword
turquoise
Stone knife
Clay pot
Source: Shenyang Guide Shenyang Daily Gonghuai No. Shenyang Time Inn
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