The gold rush years of the first rich

History first chose some people.

1

In 1978, Wenzhou Jiefang North Road was like a small world outside the fence.

Many people secretly set up stalls in front of their homes, and people who "crack down on speculation and put the office" will come to confiscate things at any time.

Surname "Zi" or surname "She"? The earth was shrouded in thick fog.

Zhang Huamei, 19, sells buttons, watches and straps. The small business is not bad, and you can account for a few dollars a day.

Later, the policy was relaxed, and the local government decided to issue individual industrial and commercial business licenses, which has no precedent in China.

The people of the Individual Economic Management Department of the Wenzhou Municipal Bureau of Industry and Commerce had to design their own samples and then print them. Zhang Huamei got the license book number 10101, becoming the first "self-employed" after the reform and opening up.

Wenzhou people took the lead in clearing the fog.

Although the "Eight Kings Incident" appeared later, it did not stop the private economy from sparking in Wenzhou, and could not hold back the wild hopes of a city's mass entrepreneurship.

Yongjia's pair of brothers who play cotton picked up many defective buttons from other places and sold them in the town, but they did not expect to sell out in an instant, and the two took advantage of the trend to start button trading.

When others saw it, they also followed suit, and the stalls at the head of the Yongjia Bridge became longer and longer.

Until 1983, the earliest rural professional market in the country was formed, the Bridgehead Button Professional Market, with nearly 300 stalls. Every day, buttons are transported from the outside to the bridgehead, and then from the bridgehead to the whole country, and the supply and marketing army is weaving through and out.

In a short period of time, a professional market like Qiaotou has risen 10 in Wenzhou, some specializing in hardware and electrical appliances, and some selling textiles and woven bags.

After the professional market will be opened, some bright-minded Wenzhou people began to produce themselves, and small family workshops surged up.

On May 12, 1985, a long report published on the front page of the Liberation Daily read:

330,000 people in Wenzhou are engaged in household industry

This form shocked the economic community, and Fei Xiaotong called it the "Wenzhou model".

The active private economy has made a group of Wenzhou people rich first. Zhang Huamei, the first legal self-employed person, became one of many "ten thousand yuan households" in 1986.

Everyone is riding the "two eight big bar", and Wenzhou's Fiat taxis have been running all over the place.

2

On the evening of January 13, 1988, in a conference room on the ninth floor of the Shekou China Merchants Building, three of the four major speakers of contemporary China came: Qu Xiao, Li Yanjie, and Peng Qingyi.

This time, as Experts in Chinese Youth Education, they went to Shenzhen to talk about values with young people in Shekou.

In Shenzhen, the forefront of reform and opening up, there is an endless stream of people who come to pan for gold, and they race against time and efficiency: young people who go to Shekou work to make money; some young people in Luohu and Yantian make money as "upside down".

Wang Shi, who came to Shenzhen in early 1983, had a period of selling corn and making 3 million yuan.

At the conversation, Qu Xiao solemnly said:

The purpose of individuals coming to Shenzhen is to make a profit from the wealth created by others, and the SPECIAL ZONE does not welcome such gold diggers.

Experts believe that many self-employed people dedicate most of their income to the state, doing public welfare, and the spirit and practices are worth advocating.

The views were opposed by the young people present, and one youth representative put it bluntly:

There is no market for the ideas of the 3 teachers in Shekou.

Young people believe that "gold diggers" come to Shekou to make money, objectively also contribute to the construction of Shekou, have not violated the law, do not care about mistakes, and there is nothing wrong with it.

After the fierce debate, the Institute of Youth Education of Beijing Normal University, of which Li Yanjie is the director, submitted a material to the top pointing out that some young people in Shekou had made erroneous remarks.

After 19 days of dormancy, shekou responded in the air and published an article like this in the newspaper:

Shekou: A Fierce Confrontation Between Trite Preaching and Modern Consciousness

A small-scale meeting finally set off a nationwide discussion on the ideological work of young people in the new period.

Before this article was written, Yuan Geng's secretary called the editorial department of the newspaper and conveyed the meaning of Elder Yuan:

I was on the side of the young man.

3

Two places that took the lead in breaking through the barriers later opened up different paths of development:

One squeezed out, one sucked in.

Old Beijingers all know that 30 years ago, there was a "Zhejiang Village" in Fengtai Nanyuan Township, or more accurately, it should be called "Wenzhou Village".

At that time, there were only 14,000 local farmers and 110,000 foreigners, of which 95% were from Wenzhou.

In the streets and alleys, stalls and shops such as clothing, hardware and electrical appliances, small commodities, hair salons and so on are intertwined. If you want to buy a leather jacket, take a walk on the streets of "Zhejiang Village".

Not to run a factory at home, or to be a boss outside, where there is an opportunity to make money, Wenzhou people will go everywhere. "Zhejiang Village" is just a microcosm.

And Shenzhen is a huge magnetic field, adsorbing the gold digging dreams of all classes.

In 1990, the Shenzhen stock market suddenly became hot and dry, and the "shareholders" of the whole country who smelled the wind crowded into sardines at the door of the securities company.

It was a feast of wealth that was earned when it was bought.

At that time, there were only 5 stocks in Shenzhen, including Shenzhen Development and Vanke, for sale. From the beginning of the year to October, the stock price of Shenzhen Development rose nearly 30 times.

Someone bought at a black market stock stand at the docks, sold them at the station, and made a huge difference in price.

In just one month, the relevant departments revised the 3-fold rise and stop system to suppress the restlessness of people's hearts and money:

First it was limited to 10% per day, then changed to 5%, and finally killed to 1%.

That's it, it's still closed every day.

There was no way, simply levy stamp duty, income tax, and strictly prohibit some cadres from participating in the trading of stocks.

However, in the face of low-hanging fruit, no one will easily take it.

On August 9, 1992, Shenzhen sold 5 million "new share subscription forms", and each person could purchase a form with their ID card.

300 offerings were crowded by 1.2 million shareholders. In the hot summer, people cling to people and squeeze meat, and the back hugs the front tightly, leaving no gap for others.

The vast majority of people come to the queue three days in advance.

A Guangzhou shareholder arrived a day early with 100 ID cards, went through all the sales points, couldn't squeeze into the queue, and finally sat on the hospital steps opposite one of the sales points, watching the crowd in a daze.

The Shekou News newspaper published a set of snapped photos: a shareholder who had been "cleaned" out of the team clutched sweat-soaked money and ID cards, looking desperately into the camera.

According to the report, the shareholder from Jiangxi shouted:

I was in line for two days and two nights!

Years later, these two cities that dared to be the first met in the property market.

4

On August 18, 2001, Wenzhou Evening News organized 157 Wenzhou people to visit Houses in Shanghai and sold 50 million yuan. Since that day, the five words of "Wenzhou Speculative House Group" have become the labels that cannot be erased in the city of white deer and flowers.

Wenzhou people who became rich first are constantly looking for warehouses where gold can be placed.

After arching the housing prices of their own cities to the "first in the country", they went north to Harbin, south to Sanya, west to Ili, and east to Shenzhen, Shanghai and Hangzhou...

Carrying money in snakeskin bags, the rich people in Wenzhou dreamed of going back to the 80s, like the supply and marketing army of that year.

In 2005, Xie Jiajin, then director of the Department of Housing and Real Estate, told the media that in the first quarter, residents of other provinces bought 43% of new houses with a unit price of more than 10,000 yuan in Shanghai, of which Wenzhou people bought 70%.

Speaking of the Beijing property market, she said bluntly:

Everyone knows that the Wenzhou house group, the Shanxi house group in Beijing is also relatively large energy.

At that time, in the Scitech Shopping Center on the east side of Chang'an Avenue, there were often Wenzhou Wives Group and Shanxi Coal Bosses buying luxury goods like cabbage.

In 2008, the property market was cold, speculators cleared the warehouse and dumped the goods, and the colorful tail house supermarket that received many "orders" revealed that the main force entrusting them to sell houses was Wenzhou and Shanxi people.

"Seven or eight sets less, dozens more sets."

The largest one, hoarding more than 400 houses, set up a company and hired people to take care of the property.

Xie Jiajin pointed out that some coal bosses invest in speculation in Beijing, both investment and speculation. Some media directly reported that "There is a "Shanxi House Speculation Group" in Beijing".

Bian Mingtao, vice chairman of the Shanxi Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, later stated in public that there is no Shanxi housing speculation group in Beijing.

Yes or no? Pan Shiyi knew the answer.

He once firmly grasped the investment lifeblood of Shanxi coal bosses.

Every time there is a goods to be out, Pan Shiyi will take the sales team to Shanxi, and sometimes simply set up a sales office in Taiyuan. They ate with the coal bosses, delivered SOHO project books, and carried books and movies that Lao Pan had published.

What everyone talked about the most was Lao Pan's entrepreneurial experience.

One after another, Pan Shiyi has become an idol of coal bosses, and the threshold for wanting to eat with Old Pan is getting higher and higher: at the beginning, customers who buy enough 50 million can meet panfit for lunch, and then get more than 100 million.

SOHO China revealed in 2006 that the purchase amount of Shanxi customers in the past two years accounted for 40% of SOHO China's total sales.

In a project under SOHO China, there are more than ten single purchases of more than 1 billion yuan.

In contrast, the Wenzhou regiment focuses on fast-forward and fast-out, and the Shanxi regiment pays more attention to long-termism. Yang Sanjun, the owner of Linfen Coal, bought 109 suites in Beijing's Dongcheng District in the name of his son, bought them in 2006, and only took out 99 of them to sell 8 years later:

Eleven per flat when buying, more than fifty thousand when selling.

Shanxi people enter Beijing, the most like to buy within the third ring road, the closer to Tiananmen, the better. Let the coal bosses go to buy Wangjing, they have only one idea:

Looking at Beijing every day in Shanxi, still looking at Beijing when you come to Beijing?

5

The Shenzhen property market in the past 20 years has made everyone understand a truth:

Obviously, you can buy a house and get rich, but you have to install x to start a business.

Obviously it's you, it's me, it could be him.

In 2005, when Xie Jiajin spoke, the average price of new residential buildings in Shenzhen was about 7,000 yuan, and in 2007, it rose to 13,000 yuan.

The house price mustang is out of rein, making it difficult to chase barefoot.

In 2006, a citizen named Zou Tao launched the "No House Action" online, calling on people who did not buy a house to participate in it and not buy a house for three years, he said:

Let the house rot in the hands of speculators.

Just like the stock speculation in that year, Shenzhen speculation has also become a gold digging game with the participation of the whole people. Bronze has a bronze way of playing, and the king has a king's routine.

The high-level joint sitting on the zhuang control plate, specially selected some total housing in the second-hand housing community of two or three hundred sets, as soon as there is a owner to sell, they will cooperate to take over the market, until the formation of a housing monopoly to grasp the pricing power. When necessary, the scenes are enough, the members buy and sell several sets at high prices to each other, combined with the intermediary to promote the waves, and the market is lively every minute.

At the end of 2009, the average price of a small area in Nanshan was about 7,000 per flat, and the bookmaker controlled the market gradually sold after half a year, and the price rose to 16,000 yuan in more than a year.

In the 10 days since Zou Tao launched the call, more than 16,000 people have responded. But within two years, he turned against him and set up a group of 10,000 people to buy houses, saying that he would let some people live first.

Two years later, he apologized on his blog for that year's call, saying that "we can only go with the flow" and advising everyone:

Be greedy when most people are afraid.

6

If Zou Tao had bought a few more apartments at that time, he should now be particularly grateful to his greedy self.

In 2017, CCTV Financial reported that Shenzhen speculated tenants, and the title was written like this:

It only took two years for 1 million to turn into 50 million! But now, they're like needles...

Looking at the time dimension a little longer, the words are still early, and the second half of the sentence is more appropriate for the present.

In the past ten years, Shenzhen housing prices have poked the ceiling again and again, raising four or five times. At the end of 2020, the second-hand houses in Shenzhen, which have not yet been "guided", have an average transaction price of approaching the 90,000 mark. Owners huddle together to increase prices, crowdfunding speculation, the whole people to fight new...

Everyone in Shenzhen understands another truth:

It doesn't have to be a Shenzhen person.

Just like the Jiangxi shareholders who were out of the queue for two days and two nights, in shenzhen gold digging, your opponents are too many.

History has no intention, but it does choose some people first.

After China's accession to the WTO, the gates for raw coal exports were opened, and at the same time, the state canceled the guidance price of thermal coal, and coal prices soared all the way, creating countless myths of sudden wealth in the "coal flying dance".

Xing Libin, the richest man in Liulin, Shanxi, married his daughter, and the wedding that cost 70 million yuan fully demonstrated the coal boss's love for the trench.

In the year that the thermal coal guidance price was cancelled, Xing Libin acquired the entire equity of the largest coal mine in the local area for 80 million yuan. According to the calculation of the recoverable reserves of 140.212 million tons, the price paid by Xing Libin for this takeover is:

0.57 yuan per ton.

It's about the price of a pound of cabbage.

Shanxi people Ning Hao and Jia Zhangke have joked that if they don't become filmmakers, they may become coal bosses. However, Shanxi coal bosses are not all Shanxi people, let alone 30% of Fuzhou Fuqing people and Wenzhou Pingyang people.

The capital that snowballed in the coal mine, in addition to speculating in houses, was once also keen to invest in movies. When casting a movie, the coal boss's request is simple:

Shoot what content does not interfere, can make my girlfriend the protagonist.

Screenwriter Wang Hailin sighed in 2018, saying that after experiencing real estate developers and Internet corporate investors, what he missed most was the coal boss:

There is no other requirement than to find an actress, and they have a special respect for professionalism.

Dance hall song stage, wind and current rotation.

Who will history choose in the next forty years?