Three
"Xi'an Chronicle" contains: Nanyuanmen Dafang Photo Studio "began to have only three service items of portrait photography, printing and coloring, and the service objects were mainly upper-class people and intellectuals. The camera equipment is only old-fashioned landlines and simple sets, with natural light. ”
With natural lighting, it is impossible to operate normally in the event of rain or foggy days in winter. At that time, the Photo Studio of the Dafang Brothers built a special glass room for photography, which ensured sufficient lighting, and adjusted the light by pulling white cloth, blue cloth, etc. to expose. The portrait is shot using yin and yang light and flat drum light. Yin and yang light can express the three-dimensional rigid light effect, and the flat drum light can express the elegant, uniform and smooth light effect, reflecting the artistic taste and appreciation style of the southern photography genre. "Dafang" photo studio Mai brothers have excellent technology, thoughtful service, flexible management, business covered the master's "Luo Qingyun photo studio", customers who came to have Money Zhuang business community, military and political dignitaries, celebrities, such as Yang Hucheng, Yu Youren, Sun Weiru, Shao Lizi, Mei Lanfang and so on have taken photos here. The Dafang Photo Studio once hung a huge photograph of Yang Hucheng, then chairman of the Shaanxi Provincial Government and leader of the Northwest Army, on the front wall of the photo studio, reflecting his highest respect for this military and political leader and national hero. Photographs of General Yang Hucheng have been hanging for many years.
According to the "Old Streets and Alleys of Xi'an", at that time, the Dafang Photo Studio was very foreign, full of the artistic atmosphere of southerners, and the photographic technology was good, and soon created a famous reputation, and it went hand in hand with The Luo Qingyun Photo Studio, becoming a well-known photo shop in Xi'an. Most of the family portraits, souvenir photos, and photos of red and white wedding events in Xi'an are from Dafang Photo Studio. In order to expand its influence, Dafang Photo Studio also hung a photo of Chiang Kai-shek in the window along the street of its own store, making it a street view of the South Courtyard Gate.
"Shaanxi Province Chronicle • Commercial Chronicle" said: "In the autumn of the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938), the Silver Star Photo Studio, run by Li Maoqing, a Beijinger, first used light photography, and soon became popular. Photosensitive materials include photo paper and base plates, which are mainly purchased in Xi'an Evergrande Materials. ”
My elementary school classmate Wang Ji wrote a reminiscence article about Dafang Photo Studio: "In the early years, I heard my father say that he was good friends with the owner of Dafang Photo Studio. Before liberation, they used a German Zeiss box camera, and once, because a pair of special parts on the camera suddenly broke, this was a bad problem for Boss Mai, and it was said that only Hong Kong could buy such camera parts. Because he was afraid of affecting his livelihood and reputation, Boss Mai took the broken original and looked around in Xi'an to see if he could repair it as soon as possible. After being introduced, I went to my father's meso machine iron factory on West Avenue to seek emergency processing. His father managed to fulfill his request, and they became friends ever since. ”
I first knew about the Zeiss camera in Germany, some European and American classic films were made with ZEISS, and during the "Cultural Revolution", I also heard legends that Jiang Qing took a photograph of the photograph "Lushan Immortal Cave" in 1961, and the camera used was Zeiss. I first learned photography in 1999 when I was addicted to random photos. Determined to buy a good camera, at that time in the store manager introduced a camera is a ZEISS lens, immediately let me be shocked, although the price is not lightning, tens of thousands, but I immediately did not hesitate to buy it, this is the most generous time I have ever spent money in addition to buying a house. Tens of thousands of photos were later taken with this machine. Among them, the "Porcelain Kiln Courtyard Self-Music Class" filmed in Tongchuan Chen Lu also participated in an international film festival in New Delhi, India. He was also hired as a consultant by the Tongchuan Art Photography Society. Look at me where I go out to collect wind, all day long to sweep a camera, Shang Zi Yong brother will ridicule me about what machine I am carrying, I said that the key lens is the German Zeiss. Therefore, Brother Ziyong ridiculed me again, "Wen Jiecheng, a veteran of the literary world, a rookie in the world of photography!" Now from Wang Jiwen knows that seventy or eighty years ago, Dafang Photo Studio used a German Zeiss camera, and it has long been changed from the beginning of the "photographic equipment only old-fashioned landline" shotgun to gun grin! So I was shocked, the big fang of the year was too cattle!
Four
Zhang Zheng, president of Xi'an Landscape Painting Institute, worked in The Dafang Photo Studio before his debut. Zhang Zheng and I are township party members and close friends who live in the southwest corner of Xi'an, and he is the vice chairman of the Shaanxi Landscape Painting Research Association and the president of the Xi'an Landscape Painting Institute. His grandfather, Zhang Maoru, was a well-known cultural scholar in our country, who participated in the Xinhai Revolution in his early years and served as the quartermaster of the Hu Jingyi Department of the Nationalist Second Army. Xi'an's earliest star cinema located near the Shaanxi Provincial Artists Association on North Avenue was founded by his old man, and because of his ideological progress, the Soviet film "Lenin in 1918" was closed and closed in the cinema during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.
Zhang Zheng
Zhang Zheng landscape painting "Years in the Mountains"
The Xi'an Landscape Painting Institute founded by Zhang Zheng and the Xi'an Poetry and Calligraphy Research Association founded in 1992 have cooperated a lot, and we have organized many pen collection meetings, and we have gone to Huangshan in Anhui, Suzhou in Jiangsu, Huai'an, and more in Shaanxi Province, Yulin and Yan'an in northern Shaanxi, Liping in southern Shaanxi, Ziyang in Ankang, etc. I have also given him many landscape paintings with poems, such as "Deer Singing" and "Autumn Meaning". For example, in November 2007, I was satisfied with his poem "The Long Years in the Mountains", which was recorded as follows: When the sleeping mountain road wakes up in front of you / A wooden bridge leads / The shadow floats out of the ripples of the water / The mountain and the water join hands / Give people a kind of coolness that does not know the whole time / Step on the iron shoes of a hundred years / Meet in the middle of nowhere / See the wild and colorful in the bridge / The grass pavilion is empty / Don't be picky about the loneliness of this mountain forest / A soft mountain spring / The firmness and righteousness that flows out of the mountain / Catch the disturbances caused by the wind and water / I would rather not know the length of the years in the mountains / I also seek the source of the consensual immortality in the depths."
Speaking of Dafang Photo Studio, Zhang Zhengke is full of emotion, he recalled: "Cultural Revolution" he worked for half a year in the bell tower sunbathing department that belongs to the same accounting shop as The Dafang Photo Studio, which is located in the Chang'an Photo Company west of the Xi'an Municipal Party Committee Compound in Nanyuanmen, under the jurisdiction of the Dafang Photo Studio, the Bell Tower Sunning Department and the Xi'an Photo Machine Repair Department. The bell tower sunbathing department is in the northwest corner of the bell building road, only a small second floor of about ten square meters, mainly to wash photos with film, the most popular in 1967 during the "Cultural Revolution", the portrait of Chairman Mao who washed and printed black and white photos, the portrait of Chairman Mao receiving the Red Guards, and there were many people queuing up to buy photos, especially on Sundays, which were even more crowded together. There are revolutionary students and Red Guards from other places, from all over the world, from all over the world. It is often sold out of stock, and also carries out mailing business. The thank-you letters sent by the masses who bought these pictures of Chairman Mao put a few large boxes, and I also collected a few letters, but unfortunately they could not be found later.
"Shaanxi Province Chronicle • Business Chronicle" "Photography Industry" recorded: "In 1967, photo studios in Xi'an, Baoji, Tongchuan and other places undertook the task of printing a large number of photos of Chairman Mao, and the photographic industry in the province must first meet the needs of stringing Together Red Guards photographs and printing quotation bookmarks and quotation plates. By the end of August, a total of 8.4 million portraits of Chairman Mao had been printed. ”
Strictly speaking, the photography industry looks like a commercial industry, but it is also a superstructure, a sensitive industry, and is greatly affected by politics. "Shaanxi Province Chronicle • Business Chronicle" "Photography Industry" recorded: "In 1964, the higher authorities explicitly ordered the rectification of the photo studio window, and all photos of drama, dance, and costumes were replaced. Some photo studios also stipulate that "four do not take pictures", that is, those who wear sunglasses do not take pictures, those who wear national costumes do not take pictures, those who wear suits do not take pictures, those who wear wedding dresses do not take pictures, and even coloring, enlarging, and taking photos are said to be bourgeois ideas and rejected. This period should be the period of the "Socialist Education Movement" launched in 1964.
It is also recorded: "During the 'Cultural Revolution', the photography industry was also impacted, stipulating that no photographs, no washing, no printing of lewd photographs and photos with 'bourgeois life atmosphere' and feudal overtones were removed, and the scope of business was greatly restricted. ”
From 1978 to 1984, the rules and regulations and services of the photographic industry were gradually restored. But in 1983, Xi'an began a "strike hard" campaign to crack down on bourgeois hooliganism, some veneer dances, black light dances, and some pornographic photographs of prostitution obscenities, and arrested several young photographers in photo studios who washed and printed nude photos. It is also said that individual private photo studios take nude photos, but the actual top is the "three-point style" of swimwear, and this pool is defined as obscene pornographic photos. Zhang Zheng said: "Dafang Photo Studio is glad that there was no offense. ”
But according to what I heard at that time, there was a couple who were engaged in photography, the husband took several nude photos of his wife, the wife let her girlfriend see it, but after passing it out, it was exposed, and the photographer was immediately arrested. The severity of the year can be imagined.
Zhang Zheng and a friend who works at Dafang Photo Studio told me: "In 1982, there were wedding dresses and suit photography. Students who apply for the Beijing Film Academy, the China Theater Academy, the Shanghai Theater Academy, and the students who apply for gymnastics in sports colleges must take 'three-point' swimsuit photos of the front and side. The Dafang Photo Gallery is allowed to take this kind of photo exclusively. In addition, when taking photos of soldiers wearing military uniforms and wearing badges and badges, they must have a certificate issued by the troops, otherwise the public security bureau will collect the film when they come to inspect it, for fear of impersonating soldiers cheating in society. ”
Zhang Zheng also introduced me to Mai Tangqing, a photographer at the "Dafang" photo studio, a low-aged man with white hair and a man from the old society, who retired in the 20th century in 1980 and was a relative of Boss Mai. I usually live in the original powder room on the second floor of Dafang. The old man works diligently, cleans up every morning, and the people are particularly good. His son, Mai Jiuyuan, worked in "Dafang" for two years, because he was a Cantonese native, cantonese was good, and then transferred to the China Travel Agency on Jiefang Road.
In 1956, Xue Jingyi, the manager of "Dafang", was also a famous photographer who appeared in the "Chronicle of Shaanxi Province". There is also a famous photographer named He Yongshou on the "Provincial Chronicle". The father-in-law of my middle school classmate, Xi'an Municipal Public Security Bureau Police Officer Art Troupe Leader Hu Shuyi,扈树仁 (扈荻), is Mr. He Yongshou. Zhang Suqin, the wife of Hu Shuyi, who worked in the Xi'an Service Company, recalled Mr. He Lao: Although he entered the city from the countryside of Chang'an County, he was very polite and elegant, dressed in a Zhongshan suit, and liked to wear a dark blue hat. He is a highly skilled, diligent, hard-working and hard-working special photographer.